Engineering Commons^™

Annual Simulation Of Photovoltaic Retrofits Within Existing Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Powerplants, Nipun Goel, Hannah O'Hern, Matthew Orosz, Todd Otanicar

Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Solar power for electricity production comes from either photovoltaics or concentrating solar power plants. The former has seen rapid growth and expansion due to the rapid fall in global prices, while the latter has seen moderate growth due to ability to cheaply store thermal energy for later use. Hybridization, or combining photovoltaics with concentrating solar power represents a potential way for lowering cost while enabling long term storage. Over 5 GW of capacity exist worldwide using parabolic trough style technology for concentrating solar power which presents a unique option for optimization in the form of a photovoltaic retrofit. While it …

City Of New Smyrna Beach Solar Feasibility Assessment, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

At the request of the City of New Smyrna Beach, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) assessed rooftop solar and building energy efficiency improvement potential for 17 city-owned facilities. The intent has been to assist City leaders in identifying opportunities to reduce the City's overall electricity consumption and increase its use of renewable energy.

The FSEC team conducted Level 1 energy audit activities and site assessments including:

On-site assessment

• Solar feasibility measurements and characterization including orientation, roof shading (adjacent structures, encroaching trees, etc.), available roof area, system output, annualized savings
• HVAC characterization
• Lighting survey
• Occupancy density, schedule, thermostat settings

Post …

Measured Performance Of A High-Efficiency Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater, Florida Solar Energy Center, Carlos Colon

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper describes a novel solar photovoltaic-assisted heat pump water heater (PV-HPWH). The system uses two 310 Wp PV modules, micro-inverters and innovative controls to produce and store daily hot water. The system likely costs half that of solar thermal systems, with greater reliability, no freeze protection and potentially superior performance in cloudy locations. Moreover, no net metering is needed for the PV, which with two modules makes for a simple installation.The HPWH controls have been modified through experimentation such that higher tank temperatures are achieved during the day when solar availability is high while avoiding triggering the compressor during …

Cost Effectiveness Of Energy Efficiency And On-Site Photovoltaic Power For 2015 International Energy Conservation Code Eri (Energy Rating Index) Compliance, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

No abstract provided.

Lennar Ventures Power Purchase Agreement Analysis, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

An analysis was performed to determine the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) system Power Purchase Agreements for prototype homes in 13 United States climate locations. EnergyGauge® USA v.5.1 software was used to simulate the energy use of one-story, three-bedroom, 2000 ft² , single-family, frame prototype homes in thirteen representative U.S. climates comprising six IECC climate zones. The same software was used to simulate the power production of PV systems designed to provide approximately 75% of the annual electric energy required by the prototype homes. The net present value (NPV) of the photovoltaic PPA was then calculated as the difference in …

Sunsense/Sunsmart Plus-Up Schools Program Final Inspection Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Susan Schleith

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report provides information regarding the photovoltaic systems that are associated with the 2014 Sunsense/Sunsmart School Plus-UP program. Dave Click led the project as Principal Investigator and technical expert. Susan Schleith, participated as Co-Principal Investigator and education/school liaison. Four schools participated in the program. Each of the photovoltaic systems installed at the schools was inspected by the University of Central Florida's Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), as well as the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). This report details the results of the final inspections associated with National Electric Code (NEC) and performance testing as required by the Sunsense/Sunsmart Schools Plus-UP …

Measured Cooling Performance And Potential For Buried Duct Condensation In A 1991 Central Florida Retrofit Home, Florida Solar Energy Center, David Chasar

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) conducted energy performance monitoring of two existing residences in Central Florida that were undergoing various retrofits. These homes were occupied by FSEC researchers and were fully instrumented to yield detailed energy, temperature, and humidity measurements. The data gave feedback about the performance of two levels of retrofit in two types of homes in a hot-humid climate. This report covers a moderate-level retrofit and includes 2 years of pre-retrofit data to characterize the impact of improvements. The other home, covered in a separate report (Parker and Sherwin 2012), is a deep energy retrofit that has …

Economic And Environmental Performance Analysis Of Pv Systems For Domestic Applications In Ireland, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy, Sarah Mccormack, Michael Conlon

Conference Papers

Long-term monthly average daily solar radiation values on horizontal surfaces at 20 locations in Ireland were used to model the performance of a 1.72 kWp grid-connected PV system. Global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces varied between 865.1 and 1,127.9 kWh/m2/yr with a mean of 947.9 kWh/m2/yr. Annual energy yields varied between 869 and 1,156 960 kWh/kWp with a mean of 960 kWh/kWp. The capacity factor for the PV system varied between 9.9 and 13.2% while the mean was 11.0%. System cost parameters, long-term annual average electricity domestic rate cost escalation were used to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV), cost …

Solar 2007: Renewable Energy Disaster Relief Fund Gives A Helping Hand, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

In a disaster, support and utility services are damaged or destroyed leaving people without electricity, water, sanitation, and communication. Thousands of people from emergency management agencies and volunteer organizations are deployed to help after a disaster to provide life support and basic services. In this response effort, energy resources and services are lacking, making recovery efforts difficult in our high-tech world. In response to this problem, the National Energy Foundation and the Florida Solar Energy Center have formed the Renewable Energy Disaster Relief Fund (REDRF).

REDRF will collect donations from the general public, businesses, and various organizations through a variety …

Ahata Solar Energy Resort Training Program, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The Florida Solar Energy Center/University of Central Florida developed a Solar Energy Resort Training Program at the request of Aruba Bucuti Beach Resort Association, Aruba (AHATA) in the Caribbean Islands. The Aruba Resort Association has been interested in learning about and applying renewable energy technologies to their resorts to reduce energy consumption and cost. This report describes the activities and implementation of Florida Solar Energy Center's support to the Association to assist in the consulting, education and implementation of solar energy technologies into the resort industry in the country.

Pv Training Laboratory Design Manual, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This document serves as a written summary of some of the elements required for the design, specification, construction and operation of a successful laboratory for the training of photovoltaics systems. This document only discusses the equipment requirements for such a lab. A successful training lab for education and certification also requires qualified and trained personnel; in-service training to maintain competency; procedures and protocols for curriculum, evaluation, and reporting; careful adherence to the relevant Standards; protocols for quality assurance and calibration; detailed documentation of all procedures and protocols. Accreditation of the lab by and independent evaluating agency is also useful in …

Deploying Mobile Pv Emergency Power System In A Disaster, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Disasters can be as destructive as Hurricane Katrina, leaving several hundred-thousand people homeless, or as minor as an afternoon thunderstorm that brings down local power lines to your home. After a disaster, utility services may be damaged or destroyed, leaving people without water, sanitation, communication and electricity. In response to a disaster, first responders are deployed with life supporting resources, such as water, food, and medical supplies. Energy resources are often lacking, making recovery efforts difficult in our high-tech world of cell phones, television, computers, refrigerators and many other electronic devices.

After a disaster, the long time tradition used to …

Problems And Solutions: Training Disaster Organizations On The Use Of Pv, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

In 1992, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) assisted the University of Miami Field Epidemiology Survey Team (FEST) with photovoltaic systems to power temporary medical clinics after Hurricane Andrew struck south Dade County. At that time, it became apparent that there were no educational materials prepared for disaster relief or emergency management personnel on the use of photovoltaic (PV) to supply electrical power in response to a disaster. This need prompted FSEC to create an education program to develop awareness and train organizations on the proper use of PV in disasters. Since then, FSEC has …

Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Design Review And Approval, Florida Solar Energy Center, James Dunlop

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This document provides details of operations and procedures for the approval of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system designs and documentation conducted by the Florida Solar Energy Center. The principal goal of this process is to help ensure the safety and quality of installed PV systems, and provides an assurance to installers, consumers and financiers that approved designs meet accepted codes and industry practices, and are accompanied by a complete System Manual that meets the minimum requirements outlined in this document.

Test Method For Photovoltaic Module Ratings, Florida Solar Energy Center, Kevin Lynn

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This document describes the testing and reporting requirements for certification and labeling of photovoltaic modules (PV) for their power ratings. The test methods and procedures chosen for this purpose are based on consensus standards of relevant committees of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), or the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

Improved Specifications For Federally Procured Ruggedized Manufactured Homes For Disaster Relief In Hot/Humid Climates, Florida Solar Energy Center, Stephanie Thomas-Rees

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) uses ruggedized manufactured homes to provide short term housing solutions during the repair and rebuilding phase after a natural disaster.

Federally procured manufactured homes are currently constructed in accordance with the Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) manufactured housing standards and typically built to the minimum code requirements. These homes can consume more energy than their site built comparatives and use materials and mechanical systems that can potentially contribute to poor indoor quality and low durability. Two improved specifications are presented in this report to enhance energy efficiency, sustainability, indoor air quality and provide back …

Impact Of Solar Powered Disaster-Resistant Communities, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Natural and man made disasters can destroy lives, homes, businesses, the economy and the environment. Disasters can happen with little or no warning, leaving hundreds or even thousands of people without medical services, potable water, sanitation, communications and electrical services for up to several weeks. This paper identifies the imperative for and value of creating disaster-resistant homes and communities. The use of renewables, the application of distributed generation, implementation of energy-efficient building designs and construction of disaster-resistant structures can minimize the destruction of property, cost of recovery and disruption of lives. Through enhanced construction practices and the use of solar …

Disasters: Photovoltaics For Special Needs, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The National Hurricane Center tracks the path of a hurricane to determine where it will make landfall. People in harm's way are informed of its approach and the need to evaluate options to prevent injury and protect lives. One of the many groups of people at high risk is those with special needs. They have health conditions that require special care. Before a disaster, these individuals live in hospitals, care facilities and homes. During and following a disaster, many would be moved, along with their supplies, equipment and a caretaker, to a special needs shelter. Others would stay with relatives …

Geographic Variation In Potential Of Rooftop Residential Photovoltaic Electric Power Production In The United States, Florida Solar Energy Center, Matthew Lombardi

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper describes a geographic evaluation of Zero Energy Home (ZEH) potential, specifically an assessment of residential roof-top solar electric photovoltaic (PV) performance around the United States and how energy produced would match up with very-efficient and super-efficient home designs. We performed annual simulations for 236 TMY2 data locations throughout the United States on two highly-efficient one-story 3-bedroom homes with a generic grid-tied solar electric 2kW PV system. These annual simulations show how potential annual solar electric power generation (kWh) and potential energy savings from PV power vary geographically around the U.S. giving the user in a specific region an …

Assuring Power In A Disaster And Providing Energy Security, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Daily use of a myriad of electrical and electronic devices has contributed to a steadily increasing dependence on electric power. The degree of importance of electricity is temporarily highlighted with any type of power outage, whether caused by a disaster as destructive as a Hurricane Andrew or as minor as an afternoon thunderstorm knocking down local utility lines. After September 11, terrorism added a new dimension to our definition of energy security. While the American public is dependent on utility providers to meet energy needs, it is the right and the responsibility of each citizen to become aware of energy …

Solid State Aircraft Concept Overview, M. Shahinpoor, P. Jenkins, C. Smith, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, T. Dalbello, Anthony Colozza

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Due to recent advances in polymers, photovoltaics, and batteries a unique type of aircraft may be feasible. This is a "solid-state" aircraft, with no conventional mechanical moving parts. Airfoil, propulsion, energy production, energy storage and control are combined in an integrated structure. The key material of this concept is an ionic polymeric-metal composite (IPMC) that provides source of control and propulsion. This material has the unique capability of deforming in an electric field and returning to its original shape when the field is removed. Combining the IPMC with thin-film batteries and thin-film photovoltaics provides both energy source and storage in …

Study Guide For Photovoltaic System Installers And Sample Examination Questions, Florida Solar Energy Center, James Dunlop

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This Study Guide presents some of the basic cognitive material that individuals who install and maintain photovoltaic (PV) power systems should know and understand. This information is intended primarily as a Study Guide to help individuals better prepare for the NABCEP PV installer examination but does not provide all of the materials needed for completing the certification examination. Knowledge of the information presented, knowledge of pertinent sections of the National Electrical Code and appropriate experience and qualifications, are generally required of those applying for and completing the NABCEP certification process. Applicants and certificants are also reminded that local installation codes …

Sunsmart Community Partnerships: Summary And Lessons Learned Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Jennifer Szaro

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Through a working partnership with the Florida Municipal Electric Association (FMEA), the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), the Florida Municipal Power Agency (FMPA), the Legal Environmental Assistance Foundation (LEAF), and FMEA member utilities, the SunSmart program offers a unified, low-cost solution to providing municipal electric customers with a solar energy option. It also provides its member utilities with a high level of technical and administrative support to alleviate concerns about working with an unfamiliar electric generation technology. It relies on a core team to develop a standardized marketing and public outreach plan which can be utilized by all participants, and …

Evaluate Deployment Of Photovoltaic Systems For Disasters, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

In 1996, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), developed a program with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide photovoltaic electrical power in disasters. In support of this effort, DOE purchased eight PV-generator trailers which were constructed in 1998 and supplied to FEMA for deployment in disaster response efforts. This report describes past and present use of the trailers, their depot location, list maintenance data, and the viability of the trailers in a disaster.

Photovoltaics In Disaster Management, Florida Solar Energy Center, William Young

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Man made or natural, disasters can happen at any time, often with little or no advance warning. Major disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, tornados, and earthquakes, can leave many people without adequate medical services, potable water, electrical service and communications. They can be as destructive as Hurricane Mitch leaving several hundred-thousand people homeless or as minor as an afternoon thunderstorm knocking down local power lines to your home.

In response to a disaster, photovoltaic (solar electric) modules offer a source of quiet, safe, pollution-free electrical power. Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are capable of providing the electrical needs for vaccine refrigerators, …

Developing An Implementation Plan For The Arkansas Msri Coalition Workshop Summary - Final Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Jennifer Szaro

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Workshop conducted to develop an implementation plan for the Arkansas Million Solar Roofs Initiative.

Developing An Implementation Plan For The Alaskan Msri Coalition Workshop Summary - Final Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Gerard Ventre

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Workshop conducted to develop and implementation plan for the Alaskan Million Solar Roofs Initiative.

Typical Photovoltaic System For A Commercial Building, Florida Solar Energy Center, Gobind Atmaram

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper covers the design and installation of an 11 peak kilowatt (kWp) grid-connected photovoltaic system on the roof of the new facilities at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC7). The main objectives of this work are to demonstrate the application of photovoltaics (PV) as a demand-side management option for meeting peak commercial electric loads and provide a typical PV array and system design for commercial buildings. The PV array consists of 48 ASE America=s EFG ribbon silicon modules and is interfaced with three Omnion 4kW power conditioners. The complete array and system electrical design and installation were performed by …

The Importance Of Site Surveys In Florida's Pv Buildings Program, Florida Solar Energy Center, Kevin Lynn

FSEC Energy Research Center®

One of the goals of the Florida PV Buildings Program is to ensure that only quality utility-interactive PV systems are installed in the state. One important component of the Program is the site survey. The purpose of the site survey is to inspect the potential location for PV system before beginning construction, ensuring it is a sensible place to install it. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the method used by this Program and to present some examples that will demonstrate why it is important.

Developing An Implementation Plan For The Idaho Msri Partnership Workshop Summary - Final Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Jennifer Szaro

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Workshop conducted to develop an implementation plan for the Idaho Million Solar Roofs Initiative.