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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Fracture Behavior Of Cracked Full Scale Steel Pipes Used For Gas And Petroleum Industries, Jaafer Altarawneh
Fracture Behavior Of Cracked Full Scale Steel Pipes Used For Gas And Petroleum Industries, Jaafer Altarawneh
Theses
The fracture toughness of pipeline steel grade X65 was investigated utilizing linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis, KIC testing according to non-standards techniques, as well as the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis (J-Integral and crack opening displacement COD methods). The fracture toughness tests were conducted at full scale pipe used for gas and oil industry, circumferential surface crack were introduced to nine pipe specimens with different depths, crack/notch depths were selected to cover wide range of remaining material of the original pipe thickness, the original pipe thickness remain unchanged, a special fixture was manufactured to perform the experimental works, plane strain …
Motor Data Scaling By Respiration Frequencies In Rest, Amit Madhukar Kamble
Motor Data Scaling By Respiration Frequencies In Rest, Amit Madhukar Kamble
Theses
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is widely used as a tool to see activations in the different brain regions. Motor data acquired from fMRI scan is accompanied with signal due to hemodynamic changes taking place during the scan. This hemodynamic signal is dominated by parameter alteration in the large vessels of brain. Scaling of task induced BOLD signal with hypercapnic or breathold data is one of the effective methods to minimize the signal due to large vessels. Patient discomfort and compliance has been a major issue with these methods hence in this study we used respiration frequencies in rest data …
A Haptic Control System For Functional Electrical Stimulation Of Paraplegic Legs, Mark R. Shaker
A Haptic Control System For Functional Electrical Stimulation Of Paraplegic Legs, Mark R. Shaker
Theses
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a means by which paraplegic men and women can use their natural legs for walking. In FES the impaired muscles are stimulated with electricity in a proper cycle to cause the legs to move in a walking pattern. It can be greatly beneficial for paraplegics however, current systems are not widely used because they are difficult to control in a useful manner.
The system proposed here uses a haptic interface, one that utilizes the sense of touch, attached to a user’s index and middle fingers. The haptic device allows the wearer to feel with the …
Optimizing And Benchmarking Returnable Container Processes Within An Automotive Distribution System, Camille Chism
Optimizing And Benchmarking Returnable Container Processes Within An Automotive Distribution System, Camille Chism
Theses
An analysis of Reusable Packaging in automobile manufacturing facilities, as well as a comparison to other industries, shows that returnable container systems are not being fully utilized.
In this study, methods to return and track packaging materials for reuse are examined. Issues identified through surveys and interviews are summarized, and a recommendation to more fully utilize systems currently in place is proposed. An evaluation based on utilizing the current system will enable us to assign a cost to current operations, and may support an investment in improved systems and technologies.
Most of the companies surveyed gauge functionality based on whether …
Impact Characteristics Of Nano Composites, Ammar Mohamed Al Omari
Impact Characteristics Of Nano Composites, Ammar Mohamed Al Omari
Theses
Nanocomposite materials have seen a significant increase in use and have created a revolution in high-performance structures. They exploit the properties of different materials which create structures that are stronger, stiffer, impact resistant and more durable against environmental factors. They can be tailored to have better electric, magnetic, optical properties, and be chemically, thermally and explosion resistant depending on the application. The current research study investigates the impact characteristics of polymeric based nanaocomposites strengthened with various types of nano and micro filler. An in-house designed impact testing machine was utilized to typify the impact characteristics of different nanocomposite materials through …
Recovery Of Carbon Dioxide From Flue Gases, Fahad Husain Al-Masabi
Recovery Of Carbon Dioxide From Flue Gases, Fahad Husain Al-Masabi
Theses
In this thesis, the modeling and simulation of the absorption of dilute CO2 into falling film of aqueous solutions of a sterically hindered amine, 2-anino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics Version 3.3. The operating cases were divided in two groups: (1) gas turbine operating cases (CO2 3 mol %) and (II) boiler operating cases (CO2 8.5 mol %). The key operating parameters for the studied cases are CO2 partial pressure, operating temperature and amine concentration in the aqueous solution. The simulation focused on the following: (1) CO2 Loading in aqueous AMP solution; (2) …
Axon Guided Axon Growth In Drg Neurons From The Spinal Cord Of Rat Embryos, Neha Jain
Axon Guided Axon Growth In Drg Neurons From The Spinal Cord Of Rat Embryos, Neha Jain
Theses
Early studies in the area of neuronal physiology and injury have shown that axons are guided by a number of physical as well as chemical cues. Although the guidance effect of initial axons and their processes on later axons has been shown from a development point of view, little light has been thrown on the subject from the injury point of view. This important ability of axons which plays a key role during development and formation of neuronal networks could become crucial in repairing damaged nerves and disrupted neuronal tracts.
In the following study, the guidance effect of an older …
Minimum Agitation Speed For Solid Suspension And Mixing Time In A Torispherical -Bottomed Pharmaceutical Stirred Tank Under Different Baffling Conditions, Dilanji Bhagya Wijayasekara
Minimum Agitation Speed For Solid Suspension And Mixing Time In A Torispherical -Bottomed Pharmaceutical Stirred Tank Under Different Baffling Conditions, Dilanji Bhagya Wijayasekara
Theses
The minimum agitation speed, NS, required to just suspend solid particles dispersed in water was experimentally determined in this work for a glass-lined type of mixing tank provided with a torispherical bottom and agitated with a retreat-blade impeller under different baffling configurations. Ns for the same tank but equipped with a different agitation system, namely an axial impeller, was also experimentally determined for the purpose of comparing of performances of the two systems. The effect of impeller off- bottom clearance and the vessel's liquid level on the minimum agitation speed were also experimentally studied. Njs, was experimentally determined …
A Fpga/Dsp Based Ultrasound System For Tumor Detection, Ashish Ravindra Ratnakar
A Fpga/Dsp Based Ultrasound System For Tumor Detection, Ashish Ravindra Ratnakar
Theses
This work presents a method of detection of size and location of tumor using ultrasound transmission. The system utilizes Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) which means sending an ultrasound signal from a transmitter and receiving it at multiple receivers. This received signal is analyzed for echogenic as well as echolucent tumors to differentiate between the two along with non-tumorous sample and also for delay, signal distortion to determine the size/location of the tumor.
This analysis is further implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) technologies. The proposed detection system utilizes Low Transient Pulse (LTP) technique. In this …
A Comparison Of Software Engines For Simulation Of Closed-Loop Control Systems, Sanket D. Nikam
A Comparison Of Software Engines For Simulation Of Closed-Loop Control Systems, Sanket D. Nikam
Theses
A wide array of control system design and simulation software engines is available in market. It includes MATLAB-Simulink, LabVIEW, Maple-MapleSim, Scilab-Scicos, VisSim and Mathematica-Control Professional Suite (CPS). Among all of them MATLAB-Simulink is dominant and widely used software engine. The main aim of this study is to implement different state space control methods for non-linear Furuta pendulum system in each one of them and to compare performance against MATLAB-Simulink.
Different parameters like learning curve, interoperability, flexibility, control design tools, documentation and tech support are considered for efficiency comparison. It is shown that MapleSim has multi-body intuitive physical modeling (acausal) approach …
Air Piston Approach To Wave Power Generation, Arun Ramadass
Air Piston Approach To Wave Power Generation, Arun Ramadass
Theses
Scientists have calculated that, by tapping just 0.2% of the energy produced by the world's oceans we can provide for all the worlds current energy needs. It is generally accepted that a combination of traditional energy production methods, (oil, coal, gas, nuclear) mixed with a combination of renewable energy production approaches is the future in providing for an increasingly energy hungry world. Wind, solar and biomass have moved into the public arena only in the last few years.
The proposed patented device (US Patent No.: 7,468,563) Ocean Wave Energy Converter harnesses the energy of ocean waves by continually raising and …
A Study Of Probability Distributions Of Dct Coefficients In Jpeg Compression, Gopal Thirumalai Narayanan
A Study Of Probability Distributions Of Dct Coefficients In Jpeg Compression, Gopal Thirumalai Narayanan
Theses
The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) used in JPEG compression has shown excellent energy compaction properties that rival that of the ideal Karhunen-Loève Transform. Lossy compression in JPEG is achieved by distorting 8x8 block DCT coefficients through quantization. It has been shown in literature that DC block DCT coefficients are Gaussian probability distributed and AC block DCT coefficients are Generalized Normal probability distributed.
In this investigation, three probability density models for individual modes of non- quantized AC block DCT coefficients are evaluated and are used as basis for the derivation of probability distributions for quantized block DCT coefficients. The suitability of …
Power Flow In Railway Electrification Power System, Sisi Li
Power Flow In Railway Electrification Power System, Sisi Li
Theses
This thesis discusses aspects of the design of the railway electrification system (RES) and in particular the electric distribution system for a 2x25 kV railway power system.
The analysis of Railway Power Supplies (RPS) presents a unique type of load flow problem which is characterized by its constant moving loads, dynamically changing load types (constant current/constant power), and its specialized network structure. The autotransformer power supply system with double track was the system studied in this thesis.
The details of the system studied were provided by Caltrain (California Commuter Rail) for a planned high speed extension to Caltrain system. A …
Exploiting The Concept Of Hysteresis In Ankle Dysfunction And Ankle Strengthening, Akshay Narendra Pujara
Exploiting The Concept Of Hysteresis In Ankle Dysfunction And Ankle Strengthening, Akshay Narendra Pujara
Theses
The ankle joint is an important part of the body which is responsible for normal gait cycle. Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion are four types of movements controlled by the ankle joint. All these movements are controlled by the ligaments and the muscles associated with the ankle. Disorders of these ligaments and muscles leads to ankle dysfunction.
The hysteresis concept was employed to determine if there is any ankle dysfunction. A recently developed device, the Ankle Torsion Monitor (AnTm) was employed to evaluate the viscoelasticity and stiffness of the ankle joint. The greater the hysteresis loop area (HLA) the …
Stochastic And Deterministic Dynamics Investigation Of The Microstructure Of Granular Materials, Vishagan Ratnaswamy
Stochastic And Deterministic Dynamics Investigation Of The Microstructure Of Granular Materials, Vishagan Ratnaswamy
Theses
Granular materials are ubiquitous in one's daily life. They can be found in the cereal you eat, the sugar you put in your coffee or the sand you walk on in the beach. The study of granular materials has a rich history dating back to the 17th century where Kepler studied the packing of particles. The compaction of granular materials is a problem that is studied by using theory, experiments and simulations. While these studies have yielded some important results, there still are many details about the mechanisms of granular compaction that are unknown.
In this thesis, the density relaxation …
Comparison Between Different Techniques Of Preprocessing For Resting State Fmri Analysis, Megha Girdhar
Comparison Between Different Techniques Of Preprocessing For Resting State Fmri Analysis, Megha Girdhar
Theses
Resting state functional connectivity as the name suggests is defined as significant temporal correlation between spatially distinct regions of the brain during rest. In this thesis, fMRI resting state dataset was analyzed using different available processing techniques with the same fMRI data to study differences between the various methods. All the imaging data from each of the subjects was processed in an identical fashion. The same method was used for detecting connectivity. The number of independent components in the data was used as the base to differentiate the effect of each of these methods. Independent component analysis was performed on …
Design Of Drug Delivery Strategies Based On Well-Stirred Experiments, Kumud Kanneganti
Design Of Drug Delivery Strategies Based On Well-Stirred Experiments, Kumud Kanneganti
Theses
Drugs are generally administered to the human body via injections (IV) or through other paths such as the buccal, nasal routes. The main consideration when designing a medication schedule is to maintain a therapeutic level of the drug in the body during the course of treatment. To achieve this goal, when IV drug therapy is selected, particular importance has to given to the dose to be injected and how to maintain the concentration of the pharmaceutical active ingredient (API) in the body between a Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC) and a Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC). This therapeutic range varies with the …
Interfacially Polymerized Thin Film Composite Membranes On Microporous Polypropylene Supports For Reverse Osmosis Desalination, Chao Li
Theses
The important technique of interfacial polymerization (IP) is used to fabricate thin film composite (TFC) membranes. In experiments here, microporous polypropylene (PP) flat film membranes were used as a support for fabricating TFC membranes for reverse osmosis by the IP technique. Substantial chemical, pH, and solvent resistance is provided by porous polypropylene membranes. Therefore, it is reasonable to choose porous polypropylene membranes as supports to fabricate TFC membranes for reverse osmosis.
The external and the pore surfaces of polypropylene flat film membrane were hydrophilized first by pre-wetting with acetone, then oxidized with chromic acid solution kept at 65°C. Next, the …
Study Of Methods To Predict Voltage Collapse, Niki Patel
Study Of Methods To Predict Voltage Collapse, Niki Patel
Theses
One of the problems that must be addressed for a secure power system operation is the voltage collapse problem. The ever increasing size and connectivity of the power grid have lead to making the problem more multifarious. Widespread blackouts, similar to the one that occurred in the northeast in August 2003, could result from failure to address the problem.
This thesis presents an overview of the voltage collapse problem and reviews some existing methods to calculate voltage collapse indicators.
Thevenin and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems are used to provide indicators of the proximity of the system to voltage collapse. The …
Automation Of Anatomic Torsion Monitor For Evaluation And Improvement Of Low Back Dysfunction, Vishal Kumar Singh
Automation Of Anatomic Torsion Monitor For Evaluation And Improvement Of Low Back Dysfunction, Vishal Kumar Singh
Theses
The existing Anatomical Torsion Monitor (ATM) to evaluate mechanical stiffness and viscoelasticity of the low back suffers from various inherent defects. This has to be replaced by an improved device. Also the existing ATM cannot provide oscillations to the low back.
The main objective is to automate the existing ATM for evaluating the low back immediately using objective methods. The specific objective is to provide oscillations for improving the low back dysfunction.
The laser platform and the target chart for recording the readings are dispensed with the existing ATM. Instead, the ultrasound transducers are attached to the pads to record …
Papr Reduction In Ofdm Communications With Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform, Sertac Sayin
Papr Reduction In Ofdm Communications With Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform, Sertac Sayin
Theses
The main advantage of Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform (GDFT) is its ability to design a wide selection of constant modulus orthogonal code sets, based on the desired performance metrics mimicking the engineering specs of interest. One of the main drawbacks of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems is the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value which is directly related to power consumption of the system. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spread OFDM technology, also known as Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SCFDMA), which has a lower PAPR value, is used for uplink channel.
In this thesis, the PAPR …
Sparse Representation For Audio Noise Removal Using Zero-Zone Quantizers, Neha Mittal
Sparse Representation For Audio Noise Removal Using Zero-Zone Quantizers, Neha Mittal
Theses
In zero zone quantization, bins around zero are quantized to a zero value. This kind of quantization can be applied on orthogonal transforms to remove the unwanted or redundant signal. Transforms reveal structures and properties of a signal and hence careful application of a zero zone over the transform coefficients leads to noise removal. In this thesis, such quantizers are applied over Discrete Fourier Transform and Karhunen Loeve Transform coefficients separately, and outputs compared. Further, the localization of the zero zones to certain frequencies leads to better performance in terms of noise removal. PEAQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality) scores …
Development Of A Device For Whole Body Stimulation Of The Otoliths, Jon Edward Weimer
Development Of A Device For Whole Body Stimulation Of The Otoliths, Jon Edward Weimer
Theses
Over the past few decades, research has been conducted to explore the effects of microgravity on human musculature, As seen in astronauts upon their return to Earth after prolonged spaceflight, extensive muscle atrophy due to adaptation to conditions of microgravity many times decreases a person's ability to walk or even stand, With an understanding of the anatomical mechanisms that provide postural control, the proper stimulation, resulting in a reduction in spasticity, could be provided by simulating these conditions of microgravity.
In order to simulate microgravity, a device has been developed that is capable of providing whole body stimulation of the …
A Fpga/Dsp Design For Real-Time Fracture Detection Using Low Transient Pulse, Akash Mathur
A Fpga/Dsp Design For Real-Time Fracture Detection Using Low Transient Pulse, Akash Mathur
Theses
This work presents the hardware and software architecture for the detection of fractures and edges in materials. While the detection method is based on the novel concept of Low Transient Pulse (LTP), the overall system implementation is based on two digital microelectronics technologies widely used for signal processing: Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Under the proposed architecture, the DSP carries out the analysis of the received baseband signal at a lower rate and hence can be used for large number of signal channels. The FPGA's master clock runs at a higher frequency (62.5MHz) for the …
Stiffness Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Aged Primates Measured Using Reconstituted Tissue Model, Shilpa Nagendra
Stiffness Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Aged Primates Measured Using Reconstituted Tissue Model, Shilpa Nagendra
Theses
Increased stiffness of the aorta is an important detrimental change that occurs with aging. Most previous research has implicated stiffening of the extracellular collagen matrix with age. The study reported in this thesis focused instead on the potential contribution from stiffening of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with age.
VSMCs previously obtained from young and old monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were seeded into a collagen gel to form a reconstituted tissue. The aim of this study was to quantitatively characterize the mechanical properties of this reconstituted tissue model via uniaxially stretching each ring to defined levels of strain. The total …
A Comparative Analysis Of Haptic And Eeg Devices For Evaluation And Training Of Post-Stroke Patients Within A Virtual Environment, Gregory Nicholas Ranky
A Comparative Analysis Of Haptic And Eeg Devices For Evaluation And Training Of Post-Stroke Patients Within A Virtual Environment, Gregory Nicholas Ranky
Theses
Virtual Rehabilitation benefits from the usage of interfaces other than the mouse and keyboard, but also possess disadvantages: haptic peripherals can utilize the subject's hand to provide position information or joint angles, and allow direct training for specific movements; but can also place unneeded strain on the limbs; brain-machine interfaces (BMI) can provide direct connections from the user to external hardware or software, but are currently inaccurate for the full diversity of user movements in daily life and require invasive surgery to implement. A compromise between these two extremes is a BMI that can be adapted to specific users, can …
A Study Of The Economical Feasibility Of Installing Heating, Ventilation, And Air-Conditioning Condensate Recovery System, Rafid M. Kully
A Study Of The Economical Feasibility Of Installing Heating, Ventilation, And Air-Conditioning Condensate Recovery System, Rafid M. Kully
Theses
The objective of this study is to establish a guide line or an analytical frame work to predetermine the economic benefits associated with the installation of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) condensate recovery systems to capture the air-handler’s condensate water and use it as makeup water for the cooling tower. Some factors should be considered such as; the location, building operation, amount of outside air required, type of energy recovery system, and indoor conditions setup. Experimental data was used from Emory University in Georgia, where a condensate recovery system was installed and the condensate water from four air-handler units at …
The Influence Of Hydrogen Peroxide On The Static And Fatigue Properties Of Palacos-R Bone Cement, John M. Guerin
The Influence Of Hydrogen Peroxide On The Static And Fatigue Properties Of Palacos-R Bone Cement, John M. Guerin
Theses
Aseptic loosening is a very costly complication of joint arthroplasty, both in terms of patient quality of life and financially. One potential contributing factor in its development - namely the use of hydrogen peroxide as an effervescent haemostatic agent - was investigated in this study. Clean bone cement samples and samples contaminated with 6% hydrogen peroxide were manufactured and stored either in room air or normal saline prior to testing. Thus four sample types were tested (clean stored wet or dry and contaminated stored wet or dry). Static (tension to failure) and fatigue testing was performed. Analysis was carried out …
Enhanced Vacuum Drying Through Improved Solvent Recovery, Reduced Process Cycle Times And Prediction Of Drying Duration, Diana Patricia Mesa Delgado
Enhanced Vacuum Drying Through Improved Solvent Recovery, Reduced Process Cycle Times And Prediction Of Drying Duration, Diana Patricia Mesa Delgado
Theses
Drying of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals is often accomplished under vacuum conditions to enhance energy efficiency and to avoid overheating of thermo sensitive materials. This project aims to study vacuum drying operations to obtain a better understanding of this process so as to optimize drying performance. This project obtained industrial data collected from a range companies in Ireland.
Pharmaceutical companies started assessing processes and making changes to drying processes from 2004 onwards; these initiatives are due to economic pressures, environmental issues and the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative launched by the FDA in 2004.
Vacuum drying has been used in …
Composition-Structure-Property Relationships In Multicomponent Bioactive Glasses, Sharon Murphy
Composition-Structure-Property Relationships In Multicomponent Bioactive Glasses, Sharon Murphy
Theses
Silicate glasses function effectively as bone grafts by stimulating bone regeneration through gene activation. However these materials offer little therapeutic potential for the regeneration of healthy bone in those suffering from metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Examining the composition-structure-property relationships arising from the incorporation of therapeutic ions such as strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) into such glasses in order to allow for healthy bone regeneration and antibacterial efficacy, as well as sodium (Na) to allow for controlled ion release was the objective of this work. Eight calcium-strontium-sodium-zinc-silicate glass compositions were produced, based on incremental additions of Sr and Na. …