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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Considerations For The Design Optimization Of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Blades, Evan M. Gaertner
Considerations For The Design Optimization Of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Blades, Evan M. Gaertner
Doctoral Dissertations
Floating offshore wind turbines are an immature technology with relatively high costs and risk associated with deployment. Of the few floating wind turbine prototypes and demonstration projects deployed in real metocean conditions, all have used standard turbines design for onshore or offshore fixed bottom conditions. This neglects the unique unsteady aerodynamics brought on by floating support structure motion. While the floating platform has been designed and optimized for a given rotor, the global system is suboptimal due to the rotor operating in conditions outside of which it was design for. If the potential offered by floating wind turbines is to …
Improving Drivers’ Behaviour When Partial Driving Automation Fails, Yalda Ebadi
Improving Drivers’ Behaviour When Partial Driving Automation Fails, Yalda Ebadi
Doctoral Dissertations
With the advent of automated vehicle systems, the role of drivers has changed to a more supervisory role. However, it is known that all vehicles with Level 2 (L2) systems have a very specific operational design domain (ODD) and can only function on limited conditions. Hence, it is important for drivers to perceive the situations properly and regain the control from the L2 system when needed. As suggested by past research, designing an informative interface could help drivers in their new supervision and intervention role while driving with L2 vehicles by providing feedback to drivers when hazards or event that …
Engineering Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoassemblies: Rational Designs For Intracellular Delivery Of Biologics, Kingshuk Dutta
Engineering Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoassemblies: Rational Designs For Intracellular Delivery Of Biologics, Kingshuk Dutta
Doctoral Dissertations
Biologic drugs have gained enormous research attention in recent years as reflected by the development of multiple candidates to the clinical pipelines and an increased percentage of FDA approval. This is reasoned by the fact that biologics have been proven to deliver more predictive and promising benefits for many hard-to-cure diseases by ‘drugging the undruggable’ targets. However, the challenges associated with biologic drug development are multi-fold, viz, poor encapsulation efficacy, systemic instability, low cellular internalization and endosomal escape capability. Thus, it is essential to develop new molecular strategies that can not only address the associated drug delivery challenges, but also …
Experimental Study Of Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions, Anita Anup Dey
Experimental Study Of Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions, Anita Anup Dey
Doctoral Dissertations
It is well known that when a flexible or flexibly-mounted structure is placed perpendicular to a Newtonian fluid flow, it can oscillate due to the shedding of vortices at high Reynolds numbers. Unlike Newtonian fluids, viscoelastic fluid flow can become unstable even at infinitesimal Reynolds numbers due to a purely elastic flow instability occurring at large Weissenberg numbers. This thesis focuses on exploring the mechanisms of viscoelastic fluid-structure interactions (VFSI) through experimental investigations on several different combinations of flexible and flexibly-mounted circular cylinders, micro and macro-scale cantilevered beams and viscoelastic fluids such as wormlike micelle solutions and polymer solutions. VFSI …
Encapsulation And Stabilization Of Biomacromolecules, Whitney Blocher Blocher Mctigue
Encapsulation And Stabilization Of Biomacromolecules, Whitney Blocher Blocher Mctigue
Doctoral Dissertations
Recent work in the area of protein encapsulation has turned away from traditional methods of sequestration toward gentler, purely aqueous techniques. Among them, complex coacervation has become a topic of discussion. Complex coacervation is an all-aqueous liquid-liquid phase separation phenomenon dominated by electrostatic interactions and entropic gains. The use of coacervates as protein encapsulants has garnered much attention, but there has been little headway in determining a set of design rules. We considered coacervation between two oppositely-charged polypeptides and a biomacromolecule cargo to investigate the effects of changing aspects of the coacervating polymers and/or various solution parameters. We characterized the …
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Doctoral Dissertations
A material is considered soft when its bulk modulus is significantly greater than its shear modulus. Rubbery polymers are a class of soft materials where resistance to extension is mainly entropic in nature. Polymeric soft solids differ from liquids due to the presence of a percolated network of strong bonds that resist deformation and flow on a given time scale. The incompressible nature, entropically driven elasticity, and molecular scale network structure of soft polymeric solids combine to impart unique mechanical behavior that often results in complex material responses to simple loading situations. An important example of this is cavitation in …
Investigating The Role Of Iron In The Photogranulation Phenomenon, Abeera Ayaz Ansari
Investigating The Role Of Iron In The Photogranulation Phenomenon, Abeera Ayaz Ansari
Doctoral Dissertations
Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are dense spherical microbial aggregates that are used for self-aerating wastewater treatment. Filamentous cyanobacteria are key granulating species, providing structural backbone and integrity in OPGs. Currently, the mechanisms for selecting filamentous cyanobacteria and their ability to form spherical OPGs are not well understood. Literature shows that iron (Fe) availability plays a significant role in the cyanobacterial growth and colony formation. Moreover, Fe availability is known to be dependent upon light, which is an essential growth substrate for the phototrophs. This research has investigated the role of Fe in the photogranulation phenomenon and the impact of light intensity …
Engineering Mesothelin-Binding Proteins As Targeted Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Allison Rita Sirois
Engineering Mesothelin-Binding Proteins As Targeted Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Allison Rita Sirois
Doctoral Dissertations
Cancer is a significant global health concern; and traditional therapies, including chemotherapeutics, are often simultaneously toxic yet ineffective. There is a critical need to develop targeted cancer therapeutics which specifically inhibit molecules or molecular pathways essential for tumor growth and maintenance. Furthermore, a targeted therapy is only effective when a patient's tumor expresses the molecular target; therefore, companion diagnostics, including molecular imaging agents, are a necessary counterpart of targeted therapies. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein overexpressed in numerous cancers, including triple-negative breast, pancreatic, ovarian, liver, and lung, with limited expression in normal tissues. Aberrant MSLN expression promotes tumor …
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Doctoral Dissertations
In this thesis we explore two experimental systems probing the interactions of nanoparticles with lipid bilayer membranes. Inspired by the ability of cell membranes to alter their shape in response to bound particles, we report two experimental studies: one of nanospheres the other of long, slender nano-rods binding to lipid bilayer vesicles and altering the membrane shape. Our work illuminates the role of particle geometry, particle concentration, adhesion strength and membrane tension in how membrane morphology is determined. We combine giant unilamellar vesicles with oppositely charged nanoparticles, carefully tuning adhesion strength, membrane tension and particle concentration. In the case of …
System Design And Implementation For Hybrid Network Function Virtualization, Xuzhi Zhang
System Design And Implementation For Hybrid Network Function Virtualization, Xuzhi Zhang
Doctoral Dissertations
With the application of virtualization technology in computer networks, many new research areas and techniques have been explored, such as network function virtualization (NFV). A significant benefit of virtualization is that it reduces the cost of a network system and increases its flexibility. Due to the increasing complexity of the network environment and constantly improving network scale and bandwidth, it is imperative to aim for higher performance, extensibility, and flexibility in the future network systems. In this dissertation, hybrid NFV platforms applying virtualization technology are proposed. We further explore the techniques used to improve the performance, scalability and resilience of …
Performance Evaluation Of Classical And Quantum Communication Systems, Gayane Vardoyan
Performance Evaluation Of Classical And Quantum Communication Systems, Gayane Vardoyan
Doctoral Dissertations
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a robust and reliable method used to transport data across a network. Many variants of TCP exist, e.g., Scalable TCP, CUBIC, and H-TCP. While some of them have been studied from empirical and theoretical perspectives, others have been less amenable to a thorough mathematical analysis. Moreover, some of the more popular variants had not been analyzed in the context of the high-speed environments for which they were designed. To address this issue, we develop a generalized modeling technique for TCP congestion control under the assumption of high bandwidth-delay product. In a separate contribution, we …
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Doctoral Dissertations
The mucosal barrier in the intestine is vital to maintain selective absorption of nutrients while protecting internal tissues and maintaining symbiotic relationship with luminal microbiota. This bio-barrier consists of a cellular epithelial barrier and an acellular mucus barrier. Secreted mucus regulates barrier function via in situ biochemical and biophysical interaction with luminal content that continually evolves during digestion and absorption. Increasing evidence suggests that a mucus barrier is indispensable to maintain homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the importance of mucus barrier is largely underrated for in vitro mucosal tissue modeling. The major gap is the lack of experimental material …
Robust And Sustainable Energy Pathways To Reach Mexico’S Climate Goals, Rodrigo Mercado Fernandez
Robust And Sustainable Energy Pathways To Reach Mexico’S Climate Goals, Rodrigo Mercado Fernandez
Doctoral Dissertations
As countries set climate change goals for adaptation and mitigation efforts, there are many questions regarding to how to reach these targets. These efforts will necessitate the transition of our electricity infrastructure from relying on conventional electricity generation technologies including natural gas, coal and oil, to clean energy generation with renewables. Through the three essays presented in this dissertation, we explore various pathways of development for the electricity system to reach long term climate change goals. We are interested in identifying: Is there a unique optimal development option or are there various? How do different mixes of electricity generation technologies …
Market-Conscious Strategies To Improve The Performance And Stability Of Planar, P-I-N Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells, Brandon Dunham
Doctoral Dissertations
Planar, p-i-n (inverted) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells that use low-temperature, solution-processable charge-transport layers have garnered much attention due to their direct compatibility with flexible substrates and cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing. Nevertheless, this architecture has failed to repeatedly achieve the superior power conversion efficiencies frequently attained by its n-i-p counterpart. Additionally, the perovskite active layer has poor stability in the presence of prolonged light exposure, high temperatures, and moisture. In this study, we propose commercially viable strategies to improve the performance and stability of inverted methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. First, we show that a simple two-step method comprising evaporation-induced …
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis aims to extend the understanding and explore the application of temperature-responsive hydrogel systems by integrating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems are immensely investigated and applied in numerous fields, and interfacing with micro- and nano-fabrication techniques will open up more possibilities. In Chapter 2, the first biologically relevant, in vitro cell stretching device based on hydrogel surface instability was developed. This dynamic platform is constructed by embedding micro-heater devices under temperature-responsive surface-attached hydrogels. The fast and regional temperature change actuates the stretching and relaxation of the seeded human artery smooth muscle cell (HASMC) via controllable surface creasing instability. …
Ultra-Wideband True-Time-Delay Beamforming Networks In A Compact Package, Chris Merola
Ultra-Wideband True-Time-Delay Beamforming Networks In A Compact Package, Chris Merola
Doctoral Dissertations
The push for commercial technologies such as 5G Massive MIMO, and consumer broadband internet via low-earth-orbit satellite, drive a need for low cost phased array antenna technologies. A major obstacle in bringing this technology to market is the cost and complexity of the phased array antenna aperture and the required beamforming or multi-beamforming network. This dissertation presents an efficient, reliable, low-cost and mass-manufacturable multi-beamforming network solution. In accomplishing this, a new class of cavity-based, true-time delay multi-beamformer was devised and investigated. Rotman lens optics are implemented for broadband and low phase-error response. The presented topology offers reduction in size and …
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Doctoral Dissertations
In the Internet, network traffic between endpoints typically follows one path that is determined by the control plane. Endpoints have little control over the choice of which path their network traffic takes and little ability to verify if the traffic indeed follows a specific path. With the emergence of software-defined networking (SDN), more control over connections can be exercised, and thus the opportunity for novel solutions exists. However, there remain concerns about the attack surface exposed by fine-grained control, which may allow attackers to inject and redirect traffic. To address these opportunities and concerns, we consider two specific challenges: (1) …
Improving Computer Network Operations Through Automated Interpretation Of State, Abhishek Dwaraki
Improving Computer Network Operations Through Automated Interpretation Of State, Abhishek Dwaraki
Doctoral Dissertations
Networked systems today are hyper-scaled entities that provide core functionality for distributed services and applications spanning personal, business, and government use. It is critical to maintain correct operation of these networks to avoid adverse business outcomes. The advent of programmable networks has provided much needed fine-grained network control, enabling providers and operators alike to build some innovative networking architectures and solutions. At the same time, they have given rise to new challenges in network management. These architectures, coupled with a multitude of devices, protocols, virtual overlays on top of physical data-plane etc. make network management a highly challenging task. Existing …
Sequence Control Of Complex Coacervation, Li-Wei Chang
Sequence Control Of Complex Coacervation, Li-Wei Chang
Doctoral Dissertations
Complex coacervation is a liquid-liquid phase separation driven by the complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The resulting coacervate phase has been used for many applications, such as underwater adhesives, drug delivery, food and personal care products. There also has been increasing interest in coacervate-like droplets occurring in biological systems. The majority of these “membraneless organelles” involve a combination of intrinsically-disordered proteins and RNA, and phase separate due to long-range charge effects and short-range hydrophobic effects. While evolution has optimized the self-assembly of these types of biological polymers, our ability to design such materials remains limited, in part because the relevant …
Development And Characterization Of Robust And Cost-Effective Catalysts For Selective Biomass Upgrading To Fuels And Chemicals By Deoxydehydration, Bryan E. Sharkey
Development And Characterization Of Robust And Cost-Effective Catalysts For Selective Biomass Upgrading To Fuels And Chemicals By Deoxydehydration, Bryan E. Sharkey
Doctoral Dissertations
The use of biomass-derived ligno-cellulose as a possible alternative source of fuels and chemicals to fossil-based hydrocarbons, however, biomass offers many challenges based on processing and its high oxygen content. One promising upgrading route is deoxydehydration, a reaction which combines a deoxygenation by a sacrificial reductant and dehydration in a single step to selectively convert vicinal diols into an olefin. This reaction is highly selective when using homogeneous oxo-rhenium catalysts, which can easily undergo the necessary changes in coordination and oxidation state, however the high cost of rhenium and difficulty of homogeneous catalyst recovery make these catalysts untenable for large …
Scaling Up The Oxygenic Photogranule (Opg) Wastewater Treatment Process, Joseph G. Gitau
Scaling Up The Oxygenic Photogranule (Opg) Wastewater Treatment Process, Joseph G. Gitau
Doctoral Dissertations
Photogranular biomass has yet to be utilized at large scale for wastewater treatment despite their potential to lower energy demand due to self-aerating capacity in addition to better process control compared to conventional technologies. An evaluation of critical driving factors affecting scaling up has yet to be undertaken. The current generation of oxygenic photogranules under hydrostatic conditions (a deviation from orthodox conditions creating other granules) limit seeding of larger reactors in time and scale. In addition, evaluating the photosynthetic productivity of granules which exist as closely commingled consortia with tightly coupled production and consumption processes, has yet to be undertaken. …
Elucidating Mechanisms Of Metastasis With Implantable Biomaterial Niches, Ryan Adam Carpenter
Elucidating Mechanisms Of Metastasis With Implantable Biomaterial Niches, Ryan Adam Carpenter
Doctoral Dissertations
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related deaths, yet it remains the most poorly understood aspect of tumor biology. This can be attributed to the lack of relevant experimental models that can recapitulate the complex and lengthy progression of metastatic relapse observed in patients. Mouse models have been widely used to study cancer, however they are critically limited to study metastasis. Most models generate aggressive metastases in the lung without the use of unique cell lines or specialized injection techniques. This limits the ability to study disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in other relevant metastasis prone tissues. Prolonged observation of …
Formal Verification Of Divider And Square-Root Arithmetic Circuits Using Computer Algebra Methods, Atif Yasin
Formal Verification Of Divider And Square-Root Arithmetic Circuits Using Computer Algebra Methods, Atif Yasin
Doctoral Dissertations
A considerable progress has been made in recent years in verification of arithmetic circuits such as multipliers, fused multiply-adders, multiply-accumulate, and other components of arithmetic datapaths, both in integer and finite field domain. However, the verification of hardware dividers and square-root functions have received only a limited attention from the verification community, with a notable exception for theorem provers and other inductive, non-automated systems. Division, square root, and transcendental functions are all tied to the basic Intel architecture and proving correctness of such algorithms is of grave importance. Although belonging to the same iterative-subtract class of architectures, they widely differ …
Characterization Of A Natural Clayey Silt And The Effects Of Sample Disturbance On Soil Behavior And Engineering Properties, Øyvind Blaker
Characterization Of A Natural Clayey Silt And The Effects Of Sample Disturbance On Soil Behavior And Engineering Properties, Øyvind Blaker
Doctoral Dissertations
Silts are considered a challenging material to deal with in geotechnical engineering design practice and there has been limited research on determining the engineering parameters of silts either by in situ or laboratory testing. This thesis presents results of an extensive research program that investigated the in situ and laboratory behavior of a low plasticity silt deposit at the Norwegian National Geotechnical Test Site at Halden, Norway. Results from multiple in situ tests including: piezocone, pore pressure dissipation, in situ pore pressure measurements, field vane, self-boring pressuremeter and screw plate load tests were synthesized to characterize the Halden silt. Soil …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Geopolymers Cast And Cured In Saline Water And The Potential Application In Construction Engineering, Xiaonan Ge
Doctoral Dissertations
The characteristics of underwater cast and cured geopolymers were experimentally studied to understand the interactions between geopolymer slurry and curing saline water and pertinent effects on its strength development. Geopolymers were synthesized from a mixture of Class C fly ash and metakaolin, and the influences of two different Si/Al molar ratios (1.78 and 2.00) and four different Na/Al (0.67, 0.80, 0.84, and 1.00) molar ratios were investigated, respectively. The geopolymer slurry was prepared and then cast into porous molds, followed by immediately submerged into 0, 15, and 35 ppt saline solutions (prepared with commercial seasalts) for 28-days’ curing in ambient …
Kinetics Of The Crystal-Melt Phase Transformation In Semicrystalline Polymers, Kiran Subramaniam Iyer
Kinetics Of The Crystal-Melt Phase Transformation In Semicrystalline Polymers, Kiran Subramaniam Iyer
Doctoral Dissertations
The assembly of long-chain polymers into an ordered state is a process that has puzzled polymer scientists for several decades. A process that is largely controlled by the strength of intermolecular attractions in small molecular systems, this crystallization in the case of polymers is controlled by a competition between the aforementioned force of attraction between monomers and the formidable conformational entropy of polymer chains. Any factor that affects this conformational entropy, whether that is an equilibrium thermodynamic factor or a kinetic factor, has the ability to control polymer crystallization. In this thesis, we focus on understanding the underlying kinetic processes …
Information-Theoretic Limits On Statistical Matching With Applications To Privacy, Nazanin Takbiri
Information-Theoretic Limits On Statistical Matching With Applications To Privacy, Nazanin Takbiri
Doctoral Dissertations
Modern applications significantly enhance the user experience by adapting to each user's individual condition and/or preferences. While this adaptation can greatly improve a user's experience or be essential for the application to work, the exposure of user data to the application presents a significant privacy threat to the users- even when the traces are anonymized (since the statistical matching of an anonymized trace to prior user behavior can identify a user and their habits). Because of the current and growing algorithmic and computational capabilities of adversaries, provable privacy guarantees as a function of the degree of anonymization and obfuscation of …
Characterizing Non-Linear Structural, Mechanical, And Volumetric Properties Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Thermosets, Brendan Robert Ondra
Characterizing Non-Linear Structural, Mechanical, And Volumetric Properties Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Thermosets, Brendan Robert Ondra
Doctoral Dissertations
A unifying theme throughout this dissertation employs advanced experimental mechanics, including the design and development of new instruments, testing techniques, and analysis strategies. Chapter 1 covers the design and development of a new instrument for polymer and composite characterization. More specifically, a bi-fluidic, confining-fluid, pressurizable dilatometer (referred to herein as the BFCF-PVT). Whereas both classical and contemporary confining-fluid type pressurizable dilatometers utilize a bellows and / or piston system along with a Linear Variable Displacement Transducer to apply pressure and track volume changes, the BFCF-PVT that was designed and built utilizes a fluid-fluid interface (composed of two immiscible fluids that …
Resistive Switching Characteristics Of Nanostructured And Solution-Processed Complex Oxide Assemblies, Zimu Zhou
Doctoral Dissertations
Miniaturization of conventional nonvolatile (NVM) memory devices is rapidly approaching the physical limitations of the constituent materials. An emerging random access memory (RAM), nanoscale resistive RAM (RRAM), has the potential to replace conventional nonvolatile memory and could foster novel type of computing due to its fast switching speed, high scalability, and low power consumption. RRAM, or memristors, represent a class of two terminal devices comprising an insulating layer, such as a metal oxide, sandwiched between two terminal electrodes that exhibits two or more distinct resistance states that depend on the history of the applied bias. While the sudden resistance reduction …
The Effect Of Oxygen On Properties Of Zirconium Metal, Jie Zhao
The Effect Of Oxygen On Properties Of Zirconium Metal, Jie Zhao
Doctoral Dissertations
The influence of oxygen on the thermophysical properties of zirconium has been investigated using MSL-EML (Material Science Laboratory Electromagnetic Levitator) on ISS (International Space Station) in collaboration with NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), ESA (European Space Agency), and DLR (German Aerospace Center). Zirconium samples with different oxygen concentrations was subjected to multiple melt cycles during which the thermophysical properties, such as density, viscosity and surface tension, have been measured at various undercooled and superheated temperatures. Also, there are melt cycles for verifying the solidification mechanism. Similar samples were found to show anomalous nucleation of the solid for certain ranges …