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Articles 1 - 30 of 157
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Virtual Experiments For Engineering Education, Amy P. Lebanoff
Virtual Experiments For Engineering Education, Amy P. Lebanoff
Honors Undergraduate Theses
In-person engineering instruction relies on the availability of equipment and space. Cost, safety, and scheduling may pose barriers to conducting in-person labs. Virtual experiments may be used to enhance the student experience by, for example, incorporating pre-labs for in-person experiments and providing access to equipment that cannot be safely used in-person. Virtual learning is used in many fields, but there remain questions as to how it should be employed in engineering, an area largely reliant on in-person lab and classroom setups. Earlier studies reviewed the advantages of virtual labs such as demonstrating hard-to-observe phenomena and allowing unlimited trials. This project …
Degradation From Cmas Infiltration In 7ysz Eb-Pvd Thermal Barrier Coatings, Zachary Stein
Degradation From Cmas Infiltration In 7ysz Eb-Pvd Thermal Barrier Coatings, Zachary Stein
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The lifetime of the high temperature ceramic coating 7 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) is reduced when calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS) particulates enters aero-engines during operation in a sandy or dusty environment, melts, and infiltrates into the coating. 7YSZ undergo both chemical and mechanical degradation from CMAS infiltration during cycling. Characterization methods with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides a non-destructive means to measure the impact of time and temperature on coating degradation with high spatial resolution of 7YSZ coatings infiltrated and annealed by CMAS for 1 hour and 10 hours as well as at 1225 °C and 1250 °C. Additionally, qualitative results of …
Development Of A Computationally Inexpensive Method Of Simulating Primary Droplet Breakup, Brendon A. Cavainolo
Development Of A Computationally Inexpensive Method Of Simulating Primary Droplet Breakup, Brendon A. Cavainolo
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Liquid droplet impingement on aircraft can be problematic as it leads to ice accretion. There have been many incidents of aircraft disasters involving ice accretion, such as American Eagle Flight 4184. Understanding liquid droplet impingement is critical in designing aircraft that can mitigate the damages caused by icing. However, the FAA's regulations are only specified for "Appendix C" droplets; thus, aircraft designs may not be safe when accounting for droplets such as Supercooled Large Droplets. The assumptions of many models, such as the Taylor-Analogy Breakup (TAB) model, are no longer accurate for Supercooled Large Droplets, and the physics of those …
Extracting Data-Level Parallelism In High-Level Synthesis For Reconfigurable Architectures, Juan Andres Escobedo Contreras
Extracting Data-Level Parallelism In High-Level Synthesis For Reconfigurable Architectures, Juan Andres Escobedo Contreras
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools are a set of algorithms that allow programmers to obtain implementable Hardware Description Language (HDL) code from specifications written high-level, sequential languages such as C, C++, or Java. HLS has allowed programmers to code in their preferred language while still obtaining all the benefits hardware acceleration has to offer without them needing to be intimately familiar with the hardware platform of the accelerator. In this work we summarize and expand upon several of our approaches to improve the automatic memory banking capabilities of HLS tools targeting reconfigurable architectures, namely Field-Programmable Gate Arrays or FPGA's. We explored …
Improving Traffic Safety And Efficiency By Adaptive Signal Control Systems Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Yaobang Gong
Improving Traffic Safety And Efficiency By Adaptive Signal Control Systems Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Yaobang Gong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
As one of the most important Active Traffic Management strategies, Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) helps improve traffic operation of signalized arterials and urban roads by adjusting the signal timing to accommodate real-time traffic conditions. Recently, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, many researchers have employed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to develop ATSCs. However, most of them are not practice-ready. The reasons are two-fold: first, they are not developed based on real-world traffic dynamics and most of them require the complete information of the entire traffic system. Second, their impact on traffic safety is always a concern by …
Supercritical Co2 Heat Transfer Study Near Critical Point In A Heated Circular Pipe, Akshay Khadse
Supercritical Co2 Heat Transfer Study Near Critical Point In A Heated Circular Pipe, Akshay Khadse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle is an up-and-coming technology to produce electricity from various heat sources. Apart from power cycles, sCO2 can also be used as coolant in centralized cooling system and stand-alone cooling device. However, lack of accurate predication tools such as heat transfer coefficient correlations and insufficient knowledge behind fundamental heat transfer processes can hinder its practical realization in key energy and cooling systems. The overall objective of the study is to extend fundamental knowledge about heat transfer and fluid flow processes in conduits pertinent to sCO2 power cycle. The emphasis here is investigation of heat transfer effects …
A Deep Learning Approach For Real-Time Crash Risk Prediction At Urban Arterials, Pei Li
A Deep Learning Approach For Real-Time Crash Risk Prediction At Urban Arterials, Pei Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Real-time crash risk prediction aims to predict the crash probabilities within a short time period, it is expected to play a crucial role in the advanced traffic management system. However, most of the existing studies only focused on freeways rather than urban arterials because of the complicated traffic environment of the arterials. This thesis proposes a long short-term memory convolutional neural network (LSTM-CNN) to predict the real-time crash risk at arterials. The advantage of this model is it can benefit from both LSTM and CNN. Specifically, LSTM captures the long-term dependency of the data while CNN extracts the time-invariant features. …
Ultra-Low Power Circuits And Architectures For Neuromorphic Computing Accelerators With Emerging Tfets And Rerams, Jie Lin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Neuromorphic computing using post-CMOS technologies is gaining increasing popularity due to its promising potential to resolve the power constraints in Von-Neumann machine and its similarity to the operation of the real human brain. To design the ultra-low voltage and ultra-low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for the neuromorphic computing systems, we explore advantages of tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on energy efficiency and temperature stability. A fully-differential SAR ADC is designed using 20 nm TFET technology with doubled input swing and controlled comparator input common-mode voltage. To further increase the resolution of the ADC, we design an energy …
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Landfill Leachate Using Electrospun Polyelectrolyte Complex Fiber-Laminated Ultrafiltration Membrane, Amirsalar Rabbani Esfahani
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Landfill Leachate Using Electrospun Polyelectrolyte Complex Fiber-Laminated Ultrafiltration Membrane, Amirsalar Rabbani Esfahani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low-pressure membrane process that yields higher permeate flux and saves significant operating costs compared to NF/RO. However, UF has not been applied as a primary method for landfill leachate treatment due to its large pore size. This research investigated the removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate using an UF membrane laminated with fiber mats produced from electrospinning of a polyelectrolyte complex. In this research, we modified the surface of the UF membrane with two polyelectrolytes including Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) and Polyallylamine Hydrochloride (PAH). The removal of heavy metals including Pb, Cd, and Cu from water …
A Corridor Level Gis-Based Decision Support Model To Evaluate Truck Diversion Strategies, Samar Younes
A Corridor Level Gis-Based Decision Support Model To Evaluate Truck Diversion Strategies, Samar Younes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Increased urbanization, population growth, and economic development within the U.S. have led to an increased demand for freight travel to meet the needs of individuals and businesses. Consequently, freight transportation has grown significantly over time and has expanded beyond the capacity of infrastructure, which has caused new challenges in many regions. To maintain quality of life and enhance public safety, more effort must be dedicated to investigating and planning in the area of traffic management and to assessing the impact of trucks on highway systems. Traffic diversion is an effective strategy to reduce the impact of incident-induced congestion, but alternative …
Safety Evaluation Of Innovative Intersection Designs: Diverging Diamond Interchanges And Displaced Left-Turn Intersections, Ahmed Abdelrahman
Safety Evaluation Of Innovative Intersection Designs: Diverging Diamond Interchanges And Displaced Left-Turn Intersections, Ahmed Abdelrahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) and Displaced left-turn intersections (DLTs) are designed to enhance the operational performance of conventional intersections that are congested due to heavy left-turn traffic volumes. Since drivers are not familiar with these types of intersections, there is a need to evaluate their safety performance to validate their effect, and to estimate reliable and representative Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). The safety evaluation was conducted based on three common safety assessment methods, which are before-and-after study with comparison group, Empirical Bayes before-and-after method, and cross-sectional analysis. Furthermore, since DLTs showed poor safety performance, the study also investigated the operational …
Nonlinear Optical Mechanisms In Semiconductors And Enhanced Nonlinearities At Epsilon-Near-Zero, Sepehr Ahmadzadeh Benis
Nonlinear Optical Mechanisms In Semiconductors And Enhanced Nonlinearities At Epsilon-Near-Zero, Sepehr Ahmadzadeh Benis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Light does not interact with itself in linear optical materials. Such interactions occur only in non-linear optical (NLO) materials and typically require high intensity optical beams to be signifi-cant. The ever-increasing role of NLO, where intense light may change the properties of the me-dium, has created a pressing demand to invent materials for achieving more efficient light-light and light-matter interaction due to their potential capacity to augment and possibly replace cur-rent technologies with more efficient devices. There are numerous applications of NLO devices in fundamental science, technology, health, and defense such as all-optical computation and sig-nal processing, ultrashort laser technology, …
Passive Scene Reconstruction In Non-Line-Of-Sight Scenarios, Andre Beckus
Passive Scene Reconstruction In Non-Line-Of-Sight Scenarios, Andre Beckus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Locating and identifying hidden objects can prove critical in applications ranging from military reconnaissance to emergency rescue. Although non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reconstruction and imaging have received much attention recently, state-of-the-art methods often use coherent sources (lasers) or require control of the scene. This dissertation focuses on passive NLOS scene reconstruction using the light reflected off a diffusive wall. No control over the light illuminating the scene is assumed, and the method is compatible with the partially coherent fields ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. In order to counteract the detrimental effects of the wall, rather than measuring the 2-dimensional intensity …
Indium Phosphide Based Quantum Cascade Lasers Grown On Silicon Substrate, Rowel Go
Indium Phosphide Based Quantum Cascade Lasers Grown On Silicon Substrate, Rowel Go
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor devices that, currently, have been observed to emit radiation from ~ 2.6 µm to 250 µm (1 to 100 terahertz range of frequencies). They have established themselves as the laser of choice for spectroscopic gas sensing in the mid-wavelength infrared (3-8 µm) and long-wavelength infrared (8-15 µm) region. In the 4-12 µm wavelength region, the highest performing QCL devices, in terms of wall-plug efficiency and continuous wave operation, are indium phosphide (InP) based. The ultimate goal is to incorporate this InP-based QCL technology to silicon (Si) substrate since most opto-electronics are Si-based. The main …
Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy In The Water Window, Andrew Chew
Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy In The Water Window, Andrew Chew
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The push to study the atomic and molecular dynamics at ever smaller time scales has been the main driving force for developing laser systems with ever shorter pulse durations. Thus far, picosecond lasers and femtosecond lasers have been used with great success in femtochemistry to study molecular dynamics such as molecular rotation and vibration, which all occur in the tens to hundreds of femtosecond. To study electron dynamics however, which are on the order of attoseconds, one needs attosecond laser sources to be able to have the time resolution required to probe ultrafast electron dynamics such as AC Stark shifts, …
Pervasive Spectrum Sharing For Improved Wireless Experience, Mostafizur Rahman
Pervasive Spectrum Sharing For Improved Wireless Experience, Mostafizur Rahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Spectrum sharing among cellular users has been a promising approach to attain better efficiency in the use of the limited spectral bands. The existing dynamic spectrum access techniques include sharing of the licensed spectrum bands by allowing other 'secondary' users to use the bands if the licensee 'primary' user is idle. This primary-secondary spectrum sharing is limited in terms of design space, and may not be sufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand of connectivity and high signal quality to improve the end-users' wireless experience. The next step to increase spectrum efficiency is to design markets where sharing takes place pervasively …
Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Networks For Dynamical Systems, Renato Giorgiani Do Nascimento
Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Networks For Dynamical Systems, Renato Giorgiani Do Nascimento
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Ordinary differential equations can describe many dynamic systems. When physics is well understood, the time-dependent responses are easily obtained numerically. The particular numerical method used for integration depends on the application. Unfortunately, when physics is not fully understood, the discrepancies between predictions and observed responses can be large and unacceptable. In this thesis, we show how to directly implement integration of ordinary differential equations through recurrent neural networks using Python. We leveraged modern machine learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow and Keras. Besides offering basic models capabilities (such as multilayer perceptrons and recurrent neural networks) and optimization methods, these frameworks offer …
Assessing The Potential Of Implementing Blockchain In Supply Chains Using Agent-Based Simulation And Deep Learning, Mohammad Obeidat
Assessing The Potential Of Implementing Blockchain In Supply Chains Using Agent-Based Simulation And Deep Learning, Mohammad Obeidat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
In this decade, with the rise of data science accompanying the growth of e-commerce, many technologies have been developed. An example of these technologies is Blockchain, which has appeared to overcome security problems potentially. This research assesses Blockchain's implementation in supply chains through a methodology that uses deep learning and agent-based simulation. A case study was utilized to observe and validate research developments. The unique method predicts intrusions by using deep learning, and agent-based modeling reproduces artificial but convincing agents (e.g., customers, companies, hackers, and cyber pirates) in a computer-generated market. Trust and other relationships are systematically captured to represent …
Application Of Reliability Centered Maintenance In Railway Tracks, Sarita Rattanakunuprakarn
Application Of Reliability Centered Maintenance In Railway Tracks, Sarita Rattanakunuprakarn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Rail transport has played a significant role for a long time in the U.S. history. As other alternative transport modes have been developed, rail transport has increasingly faced more challenges to stay competitive. While heavy use of the rail, shortened service life and the need to meet consumer expectations have placed challenges, maintenance has become an integral part of the railway industry to assure efficacy and reliability of rail transportation. For this reason, there is a constant need to improve maintenance for a number of purposes, such as safety, quality, capacity, reliability, availability, punctuality, etc. In addition, optimizing maintenance strategy …
Investigations On The Use Of Hyperthermia For Breast Cancer Treatment, Sreekala Suseela
Investigations On The Use Of Hyperthermia For Breast Cancer Treatment, Sreekala Suseela
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Hyperthermia using electromagnetic energy has been proven to be an effective method in the treatment of cancer. Hyperthermia is a therapeutic procedure in which the temperature in the tumor tissue is raised above 42°C without causing any damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. This method has been shown to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Radio frequencies, microwave frequencies or focused ultrasound can be used to deliver energy to the tumor tissue to attain higher temperatures in the tumor region for hyperthermia application. In this dissertation the use of a near field focused (NFF) microstrip antenna array for the …
Emulsion Characterization Study For Improved Bilgewater Treatment And Management, Daniela Diaz Hernandez
Emulsion Characterization Study For Improved Bilgewater Treatment And Management, Daniela Diaz Hernandez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The need for proper management of bilgewater to meet discharge regulations (e.g., 15 ppm oil) has revealed the necessity to expand the current understanding of bilgewater emulsions. This study proposed to evaluate emulsion stability under various environmental conditions and to identify governing parameters for emulsion formation. The stabilizing properties of eight-commercial cleaners and two-neat surfactants were evaluated. In situ characterization techniques were used for monitoring emulsion stability. Additionally, a needle-type pH microsensor and fluorescence spectroscopy were used for analyzing mass transfer at the oil-water interface. Water quality of extracted bilgewater showed to highly vary between vessels (e.g., conductivity: 1.74 -- …
Smartphone Sensor-Based Pedestrian Activity Recognition For P2v Communication And Warning System, Dhrubo Hasan Chowdhury
Smartphone Sensor-Based Pedestrian Activity Recognition For P2v Communication And Warning System, Dhrubo Hasan Chowdhury
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The ubiquity of smartphones has made a remarkable influence on everyone's day to day life. Variety of useful built-in sensors provide smartphones with a convenient floor for data collection and analysis. Application development based on the user's location and movement is not a difficult task nowadays. But injuries and deaths due to smartphone-distracted movement on roadways is on the increase. This study explores the capabilities of smartphone inertial sensors for pedestrian activity recognition. Smartphone distracted movements can be predicted from the associated pedestrian's posture, thus inertial sensors can provide effective solution for this specific task. Volunteers were asked to perform …
In Pursuit Of Low-Dimensional Manifold Structures In High-Dimensional Data, Mahlagha Sedghi
In Pursuit Of Low-Dimensional Manifold Structures In High-Dimensional Data, Mahlagha Sedghi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The ever-increasing availability of large-scale and high-dimensional data offers unprecedented opportunities for data-driven studies across widely differing domains ranging from marketing and web mining, to bioinformatics and space exploration. Yet, it also poses formidable challenges in face of storing, organizing and analyzing such data. Often though, high-dimensional data tend to lie close to some low-dimensional structures. Aside from substantial computational and storage conservations, discovering such structures also contributes to improved learning and inference performance. A majority of existing work assume linear data models which fail to effectively capture the complex patterns of real-world problems. Non-linear models on the other hand …
Modeling Site Specific Urban Propagation Using A Variable Terrain Radiowave Parabolic Equation - Vertical Plane Launch (Vtrpe-Vpl) Hybrid Technique, Pierre Cadette
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The development of efficient algorithms for calculating propagation loss in site specific urban environments has been an active area of research for many years. This dissertation demonstrates that, for particular scenarios, a hybrid approach that combines the Variable Terrain Radiowave Parabolic Equation (VTRPE) and Vertical Plane Launch (VPL) models can be used to produce accurate results for a downrange region of interest. The hybrid approach consists of leveraging the 2-D parabolic equation method in the initial propagation region, where backscatter and out of plane energy can be neglected, then transitioning to the more computationally intensive 3-D ray launching method for …
Cell Encapsulation In Microfluidic Channels, Mohammad Nooranidoost
Cell Encapsulation In Microfluidic Channels, Mohammad Nooranidoost
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Droplet Microfluidics can be utilized to control the production of single droplets and double emulsions in biomedical application. This dissertation analyzes the droplet formation in hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchannels, encapsulation of cells in flow-focusing channels, and deformation of cell-laden droplets in constricted microcapillaries. The formation of droplets is studied in hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels in order to investigate the role of contact angle on flow structures and droplet generation patterns. In the hydrophobic case, stable and well-structured droplet and slug generation is achieved. However, the flow structure in the hydrophilic case significantly depends on contact angles of the walls. A …
Rapid Orbital Motion Emulator (Rome): Kinematics Modeling And Control, Ahmed Elsadek Ahmed Seleit
Rapid Orbital Motion Emulator (Rome): Kinematics Modeling And Control, Ahmed Elsadek Ahmed Seleit
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Space missions design requires already tested and trusted control algorithms for spacecraft motion. Rapidly testing control algorithms at a low cost is essential. A novel robotic system that emulates orbital motion in a laboratory environment is presented. The system is composed of a six degree of freedom robotic manipulator fixed on top of an omnidirectional ground vehicle accompanied with onboard computer and sensors. The integrated mobile manipulator is used as a testbed to emulate and realize orbital motion and control algorithms. The kinematic relations of the ground vehicle, robotic manipulator and the coupled kinematics are derived. The system is used …
Applied Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Sensing In Detonative Flows, Kyle Thurmond
Applied Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Sensing In Detonative Flows, Kyle Thurmond
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
A great deal of interest lies in detonative combustion due to its destructive potential and the theoretical thermodynamic advantages over traditional deflagration devices used for propulsion and energy. High energy materials and explosives combustion products and temperature must be characterized to gain greater insight into the energy release mechanisms, allowing for more tailored deployment. Predictive models for detonations employ various types of state equations, and temperature can be used as a check on the equation validity. However, the extreme environment of explosives is incredibly challenging to evaluate temperature. Additionally, these reactions are extremely fast, taking place over microseconds, and have …
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
In the development of renewable energy technologies, electrocatalysis plays a central role in energy conversion processes, such as fuel cells and electrochemical fuel synthesis. Development of such technologies relies on the rational design of electrocatalysts as well as understanding their interaction with the working environment. Here we focus on gas-involving electrocatalytic reactions, particularly nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia and formic acid electrooxidation to carbon dioxide. First, to understand the structure-activity relationships for nitrogen electroreduction on Ru, we prepared a series of size-controlled Ru nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition. Both catalytic activity and selectivity for ammonia production on Ru catalysts strongly depend …
Prediction Of Pedestrians' Red Light Violations Using Deep Learning, Shile Zhang
Prediction Of Pedestrians' Red Light Violations Using Deep Learning, Shile Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Pedestrians are regarded as Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). Each year, thousands of pedestrians' deaths are caused by traffic crashes, which take up 16% of the total road fatalities and injuries in the U.S. (FHWA, 2018). Crashes can happen if there are interactions between VRUs and motorized transportation. And pedestrians' unexpected crossings, such as red-light violations at the signalized intersections, would expose them to motorized transportation and cause potential collisions. This thesis is intended to predict the pedestrians' red-light violation behaviors at the signalized crosswalks based on an LSTM (Long Short-term Memory) neural network. With video data collected from real traffic …
Modeling Flow And Nitrate Transport In Karst Groundwater Basins, Yuan Gao
Modeling Flow And Nitrate Transport In Karst Groundwater Basins, Yuan Gao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Understanding the groundwater flow in karst aquifers and the effect of best management practices (BMPs) on nitrate decrease in spring discharge is critical for effective management and protection of karst water resources. However, the control on the conduit network's impacts on spring discharge and nitrate concentration is not fully understood, and the cumulative effects of BMP on reducing nitrate in karst groundwater systems have not been evaluated at the basin scale. In this dissertation, a coupled Conduit Flow Process (CFPv2) and Conduit Mass Three-Dimensional (CMT3D) model was applied to evaluate the biosorption-activated media (BAM)-based BMP on nitrate removal in Silver …