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Articles 1 - 30 of 120
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Fingerprinting: Techniques For Attacker-In-The-Middle Proxy Detection, Evasion, And Counter-Evasion, Jensen George Wood
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Fingerprinting: Techniques For Attacker-In-The-Middle Proxy Detection, Evasion, And Counter-Evasion, Jensen George Wood
Theses and Dissertations
Attacker-in-the-middle (AitM) phishing toolkits have emerged as a critical threat to enterprise and individual security by enabling adversaries to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) and compromise cloud-based accounts at scale. Traditional detection techniques--such as IP blocklists or content-based detection methods--are often ineffective against these increasingly sophisticated attacks. We propose a novel method that detects malicious proxies by identifying artifacts they introduce into HTTP request headers. To evaluate our approach, we systematically analyze traffic passed through several open-source AitM toolkits and proxies, identifying distinct modifications to header structures and content, then formalize these features as YARA rules for automated use. To validate …
Using Facial Landmarks For Lip Motion Interpretation Applications, Kimi S. Wright
Using Facial Landmarks For Lip Motion Interpretation Applications, Kimi S. Wright
Theses and Dissertations
Facial motion, particularly lip movement, carries rich information about human speech that can be leveraged for a variety of computer vision and speech-processing tasks. Unlike other pixel-based methods, this work investigates the use of facial landmarks as a compact, privacy- preserving, and computationally efficient representation for lip-motion analysis. We evaluate landmark-based models across multiple tasks, including visual voice activity detection (VVAD), lip–audio synchroniza- tion, and visual speech recognition (VSR) for liveness detection. Using LRS3-VVAD1 and LRS22 datasets, we demonstrate that landmark-only models can achieve performance comparable to pixel-based systems for VVAD and synchronization, while significantly reducing parameter counts and inference …
Cost-Effectiveness Model For Reservoir Sediment Management Economics, Connor Ronald Hale
Cost-Effectiveness Model For Reservoir Sediment Management Economics, Connor Ronald Hale
Theses and Dissertations
Reservoir sediment deposition poses a challenge to sustainable water supplies around the world. Sediment management has proven to be an expensive endeavor. Two models have been developed to guide economic analysis for reservoir sediment management, namely the Reservoir Sediment Economics Model (RSEM) and the Reservoir Conservation Model 2 (RESCON 2). While these are helpful tools for benefit-cost prefeasibility studies, they rely heavily on sometimes elusive estimations of the benefits of water supply. In this study, a new method for economic analysis is proposed that foregoes benefit-cost analysis in favor of a cost-effectiveness approach. The Sediment Management Cost-Effectiveness Model ranks sediment …
Impact Of Non-Uniform Surface Temperature On The Apparent Radiative Properties Of Cavity Receivers, Ehsan Mofidipour, Matthew R. Jones, Brian D. Iverson
Impact Of Non-Uniform Surface Temperature On The Apparent Radiative Properties Of Cavity Receivers, Ehsan Mofidipour, Matthew R. Jones, Brian D. Iverson
Faculty Publications
Radiative surface properties play a critical role in the design, analysis and optimization of solar–thermal systems. Cavity receivers increase the efficiency of solar–thermal energy systems through the cavity effect. The cavity effect refers to increased absorption of radiation due to multiple reflections within a cavity. Apparent radiative surface properties of a cavity characterize the effective interactions of radiation passing through an imaginary surface covering the cavity aperture. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the apparent emissivity of a cavity with a non-uniform surface temperature profile may be estimated using an isothermal enclosure model. A cylindrical cavity was …
Hydrologic Decision Support In The Nile Basin: Creating Status And Outlook Products From The Geoglows Hydrologic Model, Rachel Huber
Hydrologic Decision Support In The Nile Basin: Creating Status And Outlook Products From The Geoglows Hydrologic Model, Rachel Huber
Theses and Dissertations
Decision makers and stakeholders need information about current and future streamflow to make informed decisions and we show how the GEOGLOWS Hydrologic Model, known as River Forecast System (RFS), can be used to provide hydrologic status and outlook products to inform these decisions. We examine a specific use case of RFS in the Nile River Basin and how RFS is used to provide users with hydrologic status products. We work with stakeholders at the Nile Basin Initiative to assess their needs for this information. We use basic low flow calculations to compute the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) and the 95th …
Systematic Analysis On The Applications Of Infrastructure Asset Management In Utah, Kelvin Kozakevitch
Systematic Analysis On The Applications Of Infrastructure Asset Management In Utah, Kelvin Kozakevitch
Theses and Dissertations
Public infrastructure is essential to a region’s economic stability and quality of life, especially its rural infrastructure where most consumable and essential goods derive from. Given the high capital investment required for infrastructure development and maintenance, asset management plans (IAM) are critical. Even though academic research exists on the problems rural infrastructure management face, little is known about the actual state, barriers and causes for the challenges IAM faces in rural Utah. This study examines the current challenges and barriers in IAM among rural communities in Utah. Employing a grounded theory approach, data was collected through a two-phase methodology: phase …
Empowering Local Water Resources Managers With Global Hydrological Model Information Through Bias Correction Of Their In-Situ Data Using Saber, Yubin Baaniya
Theses and Dissertations
There is an increase in the frequency and intensity of water related natural disasters driven by climate change and human activities. While satellite data provides extensive coverage of many climatic variables, streamflow monitoring remains inadequate for effectively responding to water-related hazards, particularly in developing regions that lack integrated gauge networks. This study evaluates how incorporating local streamflow gauge data enhances bias correction of the GEOGLOWS Hydrologic Model (RFS) in gauged and ungauged basins using the Stream Analysis for Bias Estimation and Reduction (SABER) method. We analyzed approximately 19,200 gauge stations globally, using machine learning, spatial analysis and Flow Duration Curve …
Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles To Facilitate Traffic Incident Management, Adam William Hill
Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles To Facilitate Traffic Incident Management, Adam William Hill
Theses and Dissertations
Incident management teams (IMTs) minimize crash impacts and create a safer highway network for people and communities. Research has shown that optimizing the IMT fleet has strong benefits to the roadway network, but future models indicate that increasing IMT presence may have diminishing returns after excessive roadway saturation. The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) would like to improve situational awareness in areas of poor or limited camera coverage, where situational awareness is typically poor. UDOT is considering the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to provide live camera coverage of traffic conditions in these instances. This thesis synthesizes practice from …
Demand Side Management Through Integrated Water Distribution Systems And Smart Irrigation Controllers, Nathan T. Lunstad
Demand Side Management Through Integrated Water Distribution Systems And Smart Irrigation Controllers, Nathan T. Lunstad
Theses and Dissertations
The innovation of electrical utilities in creating smart electrical grids has superseded that of water utilities in analogous efforts. While many water utilities are now using smart water technologies, they lack the virtual command center that allows for two-way communication for more effective forecasting, load balancing, preventive methods, emergency and master planning, and level of service delivery while ensuring environmental justice and enhancing the responsible use of resources. In this dissertation, I propose the idea of the Integrated Water Distribution System (IWDS) to overcome this challenge. IWDS coordinates management of water supply and demand in a way that benefits both …
Analysis And Simulation Of Nuclear Thermal Energy Storage Systems For Increasing Grid Stability, Jaron Wallace
Analysis And Simulation Of Nuclear Thermal Energy Storage Systems For Increasing Grid Stability, Jaron Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
With the growing capacity of renewable energy production sources, nuclear energy, once a mainstay of power generation, faces challenges due to its limited adaptability to fluctuating energy demands. This inherent rigidity makes it less desirable than the more flexible renewable sources. However, integrating thermal energy storage (TES) systems offers a promising avenue, enabling nuclear power plants (NPPs) to enhance their operational flexibility and remain competitive in an evolving renewable market. A comprehensive ranking methodology has been introduced, delineating the criteria and processes to determine the most synergistic TES/NPP design couplings. This methodology considers the unique characteristics of both current and …
Groundwater Resource Assessment For West Africa Using Earth Observations And Groundwater Modeling, Sergio Armando Barbosa Casas
Groundwater Resource Assessment For West Africa Using Earth Observations And Groundwater Modeling, Sergio Armando Barbosa Casas
Theses and Dissertations
Groundwater is a crucial global resource, particularly in semiarid regions where surface water is scarce. As a result, effective groundwater management is essential. However, the challenge lies in a lack of data and information for proper decision-making. This dissertation present studies related to groundwater storage changes and recharge in West Africa, using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. In Niger, this research reveals little change in groundwater storage from 2002 to 2010 but a steep rise from 2010 to 2021, attributed partially to increased precipitation. Groundwater resources in Niger are found to be underutilized, with estimated …
Enhancing Local Hydrological Services With The Geoglows Ecmwf Global Hydrologic Model, Jorge Luis Sanchez Lozano
Enhancing Local Hydrological Services With The Geoglows Ecmwf Global Hydrologic Model, Jorge Luis Sanchez Lozano
Theses and Dissertations
Global hydrological models can fill crucial gaps for providing essential information on water resources management, flood and drought forecasting, and assessing the impacts of climate change. However, these models face several challenges that must be addressed to ensure their applicability at local scales. These challenges include effectively managing Big Data, proper communication, adoption, and achieving accuracy in their results. Achieving accuracy in global hydrological models is critical for acceptance in decision-making, but poses the most significant challenge due to the extensive amount of observed data required and the complexity of obtaining and preparing such data for model evaluation. In this …
First Episodic Atmospheric Deposition Of Nutrients To Utah Lake: Statistical Analysis And Characterization, Cristian Alun Dorrett
First Episodic Atmospheric Deposition Of Nutrients To Utah Lake: Statistical Analysis And Characterization, Cristian Alun Dorrett
Theses and Dissertations
Atmospheric deposition (AD) is a significant but poorly understood source of nutrients to many aquatic systems around the world. Accurate characterization of the nutrient budgets of aquatic systems is critical to good management decisions, so a better understanding of AD-related nutrient loads is essential, especially for water bodies where nutrient loads from atmospheric deposition are significant. Due to its large surface area, proximity to Great Basin dust sources, high values of atmospheric particulates due to inversions, and the high phosphorus content of local soils, Utah Lake, in the semi-arid Utah Valley, USA, experiences significant phosphorus loading from AD. The lake …
Creating A Homophone-Based Chinese Language Censorship Evasion Tool, Emily Quan
Creating A Homophone-Based Chinese Language Censorship Evasion Tool, Emily Quan
Undergraduate Honors Theses
As the scope of Chinese language censorship expands, individuals will seek to bypass such censorship efforts. One of the most prevalent techniques in such censorship is automated keyword filtering. This research focuses on building a command-line tool that can bypass automated keyword filters for both traditional and simplified Chinese characters using a two-part approach. The first part involves detecting sensitive words in user-inputted text by using phrase matching techniques to identify character strings that have been censored in the past. The second part centers around generating possible obfuscated homonym alternatives. The tool relies on a compiled list of banned and …
Sustainably Providing Accurate Local River Discharge Data With Global Hydrologic Modeling And Bias Corrections, Riley Chad Hales
Sustainably Providing Accurate Local River Discharge Data With Global Hydrologic Modeling And Bias Corrections, Riley Chad Hales
Theses and Dissertations
The Global Water Sustainability Initiative of the Group of Earth Observations (GEOGloWS) supported an initiative to develop a global hydrologic model. The purpose of the modeling initiative is to build a high-quality model using the best available datasets and modeling methods with the primary emphasis on accessibility of the model. The goal is to make the model a sustainable source of river discharge information to supplement the capacity of those countries without the local capacity to maintain sufficient gauge networks and local modeling capabilities and cyberinfrastructure. Past research developed a modeling approach and piloted implementations and data and visualization services …
Applied Machine Learning In Development Of Geospatial Information Tools For Sustainable Groundwater Management, Saul Gallegos Ramirez
Applied Machine Learning In Development Of Geospatial Information Tools For Sustainable Groundwater Management, Saul Gallegos Ramirez
Theses and Dissertations
Groundwater plays an important role in sustainable water resource management. Globally, the development of groundwater resources for irrigation provides a stable water source and enhances food security. However, developing groundwater resources is difficult, requiring the collection, synthesis, analysis, and dissemination of information about groundwater in an accessible, effective manner so decision makers have the knowledge and tools to implement sustainable management strategies. In this dissertation, I present solutions to assist with the paucity of groundwater data. The first problem I explore is extending the Palmer Drought Severity Index to near present day. This dataset is crucial to current groundwater imputation …
Principles For Using Remote Data Collection Devices And Deep Learning In Evaluating Social Impact Indicators Of Engineered Products For Global Development, Bryan J. Stringham
Principles For Using Remote Data Collection Devices And Deep Learning In Evaluating Social Impact Indicators Of Engineered Products For Global Development, Bryan J. Stringham
Theses and Dissertations
Evaluating the social impacts of engineered products, or effects products have on the daily lives of individuals, is critical to ensuring that products are having positive impacts while avoiding negative impacts and to learning how to improve product designs for a more positive social impact. One approach to quantifying a product's social impact is to use social impact indicators that combine user data in a meaningful way to give insight into the current social condition of an individual or population. However, determining social impact indicators relative to engineered products and individuals in developing countries can be difficult when there is …
An Analysis Of Groundwater Storage Loss In The Central Valley Using A Novel In Situ Method Compared To Grace-Derived Results, Michael David Stevens
An Analysis Of Groundwater Storage Loss In The Central Valley Using A Novel In Situ Method Compared To Grace-Derived Results, Michael David Stevens
Theses and Dissertations
Robust groundwater management is necessary to maintain long-term aquifer sustainability. Temporally and spatially inconsistent in situ data prevents robust groundwater resource evaluation. Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has been used to evaluate long-term, large-scale groundwater trends. However, the spatial resolution of GRACE data presents challenges for groundwater management in medium-sized aquifers like the Central Valley of California (CV). Other researchers have utilized GRACEderived data to evaluate groundwater storage in the CV, but they often make corrections due to what is referred to as the "leakage effect." We demonstrate a method for imputing gaps in …
Classification And Creation Of Design Tools And Methods For Social Impact Considerations In Engineering For Global Development, Andrew Gary Armstrong
Classification And Creation Of Design Tools And Methods For Social Impact Considerations In Engineering For Global Development, Andrew Gary Armstrong
Theses and Dissertations
Every product has economic, environmental, and social impacts whether or not those impacts are explicitly considered. These impacts affect society and are an important part of engineering design. "Triple Bottom Line Sustainability" focuses on economic, environmental, and social sustainability and has become an important goal for those designing products. Economic considerations are an established part of the engineering design process. Environmental considerations are increasingly being considered in design including the development of design standards and widely used methodologies. Social impact considerations, however, lack the standardization and wide inclusion of economic and environmental considerations. This results in reduced and unbalanced consideration …
Methods For Characterizing Groundwater Resources With Sparse In-Situ Data, Ren Nishimura
Methods For Characterizing Groundwater Resources With Sparse In-Situ Data, Ren Nishimura
Theses and Dissertations
Groundwater water resources must be accurately characterized in order to be managed sustainably. Due to the cost to install monitoring wells and challenges in collecting and managing in-situ data, groundwater data is sparse in space and time especially in developing countries. In this study we analyzed long-term groundwater storage changes with limited times-series data where each well had only one groundwater measurement in time. We developed methods to synthetically create times-series groundwater table elevation (WTE) by clustering wells with uniform grid and k-means-constrained clustering and creating pseudo wells. Pseudo wells with the WTE values from the cluster-member wells were temporally …
Effects Of Optical Configuration And Sampling Efficiency On The Response Of Low-Cost Optical Particle Counters, Brady Scott Hales
Effects Of Optical Configuration And Sampling Efficiency On The Response Of Low-Cost Optical Particle Counters, Brady Scott Hales
Theses and Dissertations
Hazards associated with air pollution motivate the search for technologies capable of monitoring individual exposure to gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM). A Low-cost Optical Particle Counter (OPC), costing less than 50 USD, is an example of such technologies. Currently, OPCs are widely used to measure the concentration of particle matter in ambient air. While these low-cost air quality sensors are widely available, the accuracy and precision of these devices is highly uncertain. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis is to present an analytical model of two generic, low-cost OPCs based on the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Momentum, and …
Considering Social Impact When Engineering For Global Development, Hans Jorgen Ottosson
Considering Social Impact When Engineering For Global Development, Hans Jorgen Ottosson
Theses and Dissertations
Every manufactured product has an environmental impact, a social impact, and an economic impact. As engineers, we should do our best to understand how our design decisions influence these impacts (the three pillars of sustainability), and at the same time make decisions that collectively lead to maximum positive impacts, or minimum negative impacts on the economy, environment, and society. Many times, engineers show interest and want to design for all three pillars of sustainability but are often constrained to focus on the environmental and economic aspects, leaving out social sustainability due to lack of understanding and resources. In practice, this …
Production Of Pure Vanadium: Industry Review And Feasibility Study Of Electron Beam Melt Refining Of V–Al Alloys, Devin Rappleye, Rob Haun
Production Of Pure Vanadium: Industry Review And Feasibility Study Of Electron Beam Melt Refining Of V–Al Alloys, Devin Rappleye, Rob Haun
Faculty Publications
The vanadium industry has experienced significant change over the last two decades with the emergence of vanadium redox flow batteries for grid-level energy storage, the growing demand for high-strength steel, and the selection of vanadium as a critical material in multiple countries. This review presents the status of the vanadium industry examining production processes and detailing facilities. The available information for each producer is presented including vanadium products and capacity. The production of pure vanadium is identified as a potential vulnerability for some nations where vanadium metal is needed in small, yet strategic, applications and globally only two producers of …
Improvements Of Atmospheric Deposition Sampling Procedures And Further Analysis Of Its Impact On Utah Lake, Seth Michael Barrus
Improvements Of Atmospheric Deposition Sampling Procedures And Further Analysis Of Its Impact On Utah Lake, Seth Michael Barrus
Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on Atmospheric Deposition (AD) loading on Utah Lake. Utah Lake is susceptible to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) because of its large surface area to volume ratio, proximity to Great Basin dust sources, and various wind patterns from close mountain ranges that blow AD towards the lake. In this study, we continued the collection and analysis of AD samples that started in 2017 and 2018, while reporting additional 2019 and 2020 data. We constructed a sampler on Utah Lake itself, which allowed us to better estimate how AD loads were distributed over the lake. An interpolation assumption was …
Deploying And Analyzing Air Quality Sensors In Mongolian Gers, Lehi Sttenio Alcantara
Deploying And Analyzing Air Quality Sensors In Mongolian Gers, Lehi Sttenio Alcantara
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to develop best practices for deploying air quality sensors in a remote location such as Mongolia. I discussed the architecture and design constraints when collecting remote air quality sensors data, the challenges that emerge while implementing a sensor-based network in a remote location such as Mongolia. The tradeoffs of using different architectures are described. I observed the usage of electrical heaters in modified gers in remote locations and conclude how effective they are in reducing PM2.5 levels by analyzing air quality data and go through the process of cleaning up the data and removing …
Geoglows Hydroviewer: Open Software-As-A-Service For Localizing Global Hydrologic Forecasts Of The Group On Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability Initiative, Kyler Ralph Ashby
Geoglows Hydroviewer: Open Software-As-A-Service For Localizing Global Hydrologic Forecasts Of The Group On Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability Initiative, Kyler Ralph Ashby
Theses and Dissertations
Earth observation data is increasingly ubiquitous, easily accessible, freely available, and generally usable due to improvements in software, data standards, network infrastructure, and national policies. As a result, greater opportunities arise for using these data in a wider field of application including decision support for local and regional environmental and water resources management efforts. In parts of the world where in situ data are less readily available, global Earth observation data used in such decision support tools can be a boon to underfunded government and private water management agencies. The United Nations Group on Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability initiative …
Experimental And Modeling Of Biomass Char Gasification, Ruochen Wu
Experimental And Modeling Of Biomass Char Gasification, Ruochen Wu
Theses and Dissertations
This investigation provides a comprehensive experimental dataset and kinetic model for biomass gasification, over a wide temperature range (1150-1350 °Ï¹) in CO2, H2O and the combination of these two reactant gases over the mole fraction ranges of 0 to 0.5 for H2O and 0 to 0.9 for CO2. The data come from a unique experimental facility that tracks continuous mass loss rates for poplar wood, corn stover and switchgrass over the size range of 6-12.5 mm. In addition, the data include char size, shape, surface and internal temperature and discrete measurements of porosity, total surface area, pore size distribution and …
Signal Transport And Rf Over Fiber Design For Alpaca, Erich Johannes Nygaard
Signal Transport And Rf Over Fiber Design For Alpaca, Erich Johannes Nygaard
Theses and Dissertations
The design of the RF over fiber signal transport system for the ALPACA receiver is described, with particular attention to the strict noise requirements as well as dynamic range considerations. Also discussed are analytical tools for analyzing dynamic range in the context of RFI-rich radio astronomy observational settings, including formulas for maximum interference to noise ratios and a simulation framework for predicting distortion levels. Phase and gain stability measurements of the signal transport system are presented, including the effects of the multi-strand armored fiber optic cable. The resulting system meets design requirements, with equivalent noise temperature below 900 K in …
Assessing The Effects Of Reconstruction On The Commercial And Civil Construction Industry Following Hurricane Maria In Puerto Rico, Timothy Jafek Barrett-Rodriguez
Assessing The Effects Of Reconstruction On The Commercial And Civil Construction Industry Following Hurricane Maria In Puerto Rico, Timothy Jafek Barrett-Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
In September 2017 Hurricane Maria made landfall on the U.S territory island of Puerto Rico, causing substantial damage to the already weakened infrastructure and other aspects of the built environment. This research attempted to identify the challenges and opportunities that have been encountered within the Puerto Rican commercial and civil construction industry during the first year of reconstruction, post-Hurricane Maria. This was done by identifying the effects of the storm as well as the strategies of construction companies involved in the reconstruction process. The study used the events occurring after the passing of the hurricane as a case study to …
Exploiting Earth Observation Data To Impute Groundwater Level Measurements With An Extreme Learning Machine, Steven Evans, Gustavious P. Williams, Norman L. Jones, Daniel P. Ames, E. James Nelson
Exploiting Earth Observation Data To Impute Groundwater Level Measurements With An Extreme Learning Machine, Steven Evans, Gustavious P. Williams, Norman L. Jones, Daniel P. Ames, E. James Nelson
Faculty Publications
Groundwater resources are expensive to develop and use; they are difficult to monitor and data collected from monitoring wells are often sporadic, often only available at irregular, infrequent, or brief intervals. Groundwater managers require an accurate understanding of historic groundwater storage trends to effectively manage groundwater resources, however, most if not all well records contain periods of missing data. To understand long-term trends, these missing data need to be imputed before trend analysis. We present a method to impute missing data at single wells, by exploiting data generated from Earth observations that are available globally. We use two soil moisture …