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Articles 1 - 30 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Characterizing And Managing Intrusion Detection System (Ids) Alerts With Multi-Server/Multi-Priority Queuing Theory, Christopher C. Olsen
Characterizing And Managing Intrusion Detection System (Ids) Alerts With Multi-Server/Multi-Priority Queuing Theory, Christopher C. Olsen
Theses and Dissertations
The DoD sets forth an objective to employ an active cyber defense capability to prevent intrusions onto DoD networks and systems. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are a critical part of network defense architectures, but their alerts can be difficult to manage. This research applies Queuing Theory to the management of IDS alerts, seeking to answer how analysts and priority schemes effect alert processing performance. To characterize the effect of these two variables on queue wait times, a MATLAB simulation was developed to allow parametric analysis under two scenarios. The first varies the number of analysts and the second varies the …
Exploring Individual Differences In Workload Assessment, Danielle K. Boeke
Exploring Individual Differences In Workload Assessment, Danielle K. Boeke
Theses and Dissertations
Air Force missions continue to increase in complexity often imposing higher levels of task load from cognitive tasks on the operators. This increased task load manifests itself in increased cognitive workload and potentially derogated performance. While cognitive workload has been studied for decades, recent advances in objective workload models and physiology monitoring have the potential to provide a more robust understanding of workload, potentially allowing systems to adaptively employ automation to maintain operator peak performance. The current research sought to provide insight into the relationship between subjective workload, task performance, objective workload, and select physiology measures. Analysis of an existing …
A Decision Analysis Framework For Evaluation Of Helmet Mounted Display Alternatives For Fighter Aircraft, Matthew R. Dansereau
A Decision Analysis Framework For Evaluation Of Helmet Mounted Display Alternatives For Fighter Aircraft, Matthew R. Dansereau
Theses and Dissertations
The promise of providing an intuitive and efficient information interface, while allowing the warfighter to perform other critical tasks such as targeting or aircraft control, has led to the growing popularity of Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) across the military landscape, especially combat aircraft. Though design and selection of competing systems is critical to optimized performance and safety, structured methods for the evaluation of HMDs are not often used in the acquisition community, leaving selection among alternative designs to the judgment of subject matter experts. However, technical decision-making has been shown to be flawed without the use of a structured decision …
Terrain Referenced Navigation Using Sift Features In Lidar Range-Based Data, Matthew T. Leines
Terrain Referenced Navigation Using Sift Features In Lidar Range-Based Data, Matthew T. Leines
Theses and Dissertations
The use of GNSS in aiding navigation has become widespread in aircraft. The long term accuracy of INS are enhanced by frequent updates of the highly precise position estimations GNSS provide. Unfortunately, operational environments exist where constant signal or the requisite number of satellites are unavailable, significantly degraded, or intentionally denied. This thesis describes a novel algorithm that uses scanning LiDAR range data, computer vision features, and a reference database to generate aircraft position estimations to update drifting INS estimates. The algorithm uses a single calibrated scanning LiDAR to sample the range and angle to the ground as an aircraft …
Multi-Objective Trajectory Optimization Of A Hypersonic Reconnaissance Vehicle With Temperature Constraints, Tadeusz J. Masternak
Multi-Objective Trajectory Optimization Of A Hypersonic Reconnaissance Vehicle With Temperature Constraints, Tadeusz J. Masternak
Theses and Dissertations
Temperature-constrained optimal trajectories for a scramjet-based hypersonic reconnaissance vehicle were generated by developing an optimal control formulation and solving it using a variable order Gauss-Radau quadrature collocation method. The vehicle was assumed to be an air-breathing reconnaissance aircraft that has specified takeoff/landing locations, airborne refueling constraints, specified no-fly zones, and specified targets for sensor data collections. The aircraft model included fight dynamics, aerodynamics, and thermal constraints. This model was incorporated into an optimal control formulation that includes constraints on both the vehicle as well as mission parameters, such as avoidance of no-fly zones and coverage of high-value targets. Optimal trajectories …
Cloud-Induced Uncertainty For Visual Navigation, Alyssa N. Gutierrez
Cloud-Induced Uncertainty For Visual Navigation, Alyssa N. Gutierrez
Theses and Dissertations
This research addresses the numerical distortion of features due to the presence of clouds in an image. The research aims to quantify the probability of a mismatch between two features in a single image, which will describe the likelihood that a visual navigation system incorrectly tracks a feature throughout an image sequence, leading to position miscalculations. First, an algorithm is developed for calculating transparency of clouds in images at the pixel level. The algorithm determines transparency based on the distance between each pixel color and the average pixel color of the clouds. The algorithm is used to create a dataset …
Approximate Dynamic Programming For Military Resource Allocation, Carl R. Parson
Approximate Dynamic Programming For Military Resource Allocation, Carl R. Parson
Theses and Dissertations
This research considers the optimal allocation of weapons to a collection of targets with the objective of maximizing the value of destroyed targets. The weapon-target assignment (WTA) problem is a classic non-linear combinatorial optimization problem with an extensive history in operations research literature. The dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) problem aims to assign weapons optimally over time using the information gained to improve the outcome of their engagements. This research investigates various formulations of the DWTA problem and develops algorithms for their solution. Finally, an embedded optimization problem is introduced in which optimization of the multi-stage DWTA is used to …
Improving Non-Linear Approaches To Anomaly Detection, Class Separation, And Visualization, Todd J. Paciencia
Improving Non-Linear Approaches To Anomaly Detection, Class Separation, And Visualization, Todd J. Paciencia
Theses and Dissertations
Linear approaches for multivariate data analysis are popular due to their lower complexity, reduced computational time, and easier interpretation. In many cases, linear approaches produce adequate results; however, non-linear methods may generate more robust transformations, features, and decision boundaries. Of course, these nonlinear methods present their own unique challenges that often inhibit their use. In this research, improvements to existing non-linear techniques are investigated for the purposes of providing better, timely class separation and improved anomaly detection on various multivariate datasets, culminating in application to anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery. Primarily, kernel-based methods are investigated, with some consideration towards other …
Optimal Collision Avoidance Trajectories For Unmanned/Remotely Piloted Aircraft, Nathan E. Smith
Optimal Collision Avoidance Trajectories For Unmanned/Remotely Piloted Aircraft, Nathan E. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The post-911 environment has punctuated the force-multiplying capabilities that Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) provides combatant commanders at all echelons on the battlefield. Not only have unmanned aircraft systems made near-revolutionary impacts on the battlefield, their utility and proliferation in law enforcement, homeland security, humanitarian operations, and commercial applications have likewise increased at a rapid rate. As such, under the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, the United States Congress tasked the FAA to provide for the safe integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system (NAS) as soon as practicable, but not later …
Hot Streak Characterization In Serpentine Exhaust Nozzles, Darrell S. Crowe
Hot Streak Characterization In Serpentine Exhaust Nozzles, Darrell S. Crowe
Theses and Dissertations
Modern aircraft of the United States Air Force face increasingly demanding cost, weight, and survivability requirements. Serpentine exhaust nozzles within an embedded engine allow a weapon system to fulfill mission survivability requirements by providing denial of direct line-of-sight into the high-temperature components of the engine. Recently, aircraft have experienced material degradation and failure along the aft deck due to extreme thermal loading. Failure has occurred in specific regions along the aft deck where concentrations of hot gas have come in contact with the surface causing hot streaks. The prevention of these failures will be aided by the accurate prediction of …
Advances In Sca And Rf-Dna Fingerprinting Through Enhanced Linear Regression Attacks And Application Of Random Forest Classifiers, Hiren J. Patel
Advances In Sca And Rf-Dna Fingerprinting Through Enhanced Linear Regression Attacks And Application Of Random Forest Classifiers, Hiren J. Patel
Theses and Dissertations
Radio Frequency (RF) emissions from electronic devices expose security vulnerabilities that can be used by an attacker to extract otherwise unobtainable information. Two realms of study were investigated here, including the exploitation of 1) unintentional RF emissions in the field of Side Channel Analysis (SCA), and 2) intentional RF emissions from physical devices in the field of RF-Distinct Native Attribute (RF-DNA) fingerprinting. Statistical analysis on the linear model fit to measured SCA data in Linear Regression Attacks (LRA) improved performance, achieving 98% success rate for AES key-byte identification from unintentional emissions. However, the presence of non-Gaussian noise required the use …
Hyperfine Interactions In The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra Of Point Defects In Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductors, Eric M. Golden
Hyperfine Interactions In The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra Of Point Defects In Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductors, Eric M. Golden
Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this research was to acquire definitive experimental data on predominant point defects in three important wide-band-gap semiconductors. Hyperfine interactions in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were used to characterize the neutral nitrogen acceptor in zinc oxide, to identify a silicon interstitial impurity in titanium dioxide, and to determine the electronic structure of the singly ionized sulfur vacancy in stannous hexathiohypodiphosphate (SPS). Research on the basic properties of these technologically important materials plays a crucial role in the development of advanced optical and electronic systems. Zinc oxide is an electro-optic material with the potential to produce high performance electronics …
A Comparison Of Afghanistan, Yuma, Az, And Manufactured Sands Melted On Eb-Pvd Thermal Barrier Coatings, Nathaniel P. Opie
A Comparison Of Afghanistan, Yuma, Az, And Manufactured Sands Melted On Eb-Pvd Thermal Barrier Coatings, Nathaniel P. Opie
Theses and Dissertations
Sand ingestion into military aircraft turbine engines from desert environments have tested the performance and life of the engine. In particular, turbine section blades and nozzles are coated with a molten glass when the sand is heated to melting temperatures. This molten glass attacks protective coatings on the surface of these parts. Further research is needed to understand the sands behavior on thermal barrier coatings (TBC) when heated to melting temperatures. Also, further research is needed with manufactured sand used in current engine testing to understand the sand ingestion discrepancies between test engines and operational engines. In this study natural …
Optimal Control Of Fully Routed Air Traffic In The Presence Of Uncertainty And Kinodynamic Constraints, Christopher D. Arendt
Optimal Control Of Fully Routed Air Traffic In The Presence Of Uncertainty And Kinodynamic Constraints, Christopher D. Arendt
Theses and Dissertations
A method is presented to extend current graph-based Air Traffic Management optimization frameworks. In general, Air Traffic Management is the process of guiding a finite set of aircraft, each along its pre-determined path within some local airspace, subject to various physical, policy, procedural and operational restrictions. This research addresses several limitations of current graph-based Air Traffic Management optimization methods by incorporating techniques to account for stochastic effects, physical inertia and variable arrival sequencing. In addition, this research provides insight into the performance of multiple methods for approximating non-differentiable air traffic constraints, and incorporates these methods into a generalized weighted-sum representation …
A Method To Develop Neck Injury Criteria To Aid Design And Test Of Escape Systems Incorporating Helmet Mounted Displays, Jeffrey C. Parr
A Method To Develop Neck Injury Criteria To Aid Design And Test Of Escape Systems Incorporating Helmet Mounted Displays, Jeffrey C. Parr
Theses and Dissertations
HMDs are becoming common human-machine interface equipment in manned military flight, but introducing this equipment into the overall aircraft escape system poses new and significant system design, development, and test concerns. Although HMDs add capabilities, which improve operator performance, the increased capability is often accompanied by increased head supported mass. The increased mass can amplify the risk of pilot neck injury during ejection when compared to lighter legacy helmets. Currently no adequate USAF neck injury criteria exist to effectively guide the requirements, design, and test of escape systems for pilots with HMDs. This research effort presents a novel method to …
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite-Based Geolocation, Stephen D. Hartzell
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite-Based Geolocation, Stephen D. Hartzell
Theses and Dissertations
Geolocation is a common application for satellite systems. This involves estimating an object's location (herein called the subject) based on noisy satellite data. Many geolocation methods exist; however, none are tailored specifically for the unique problems faced by satellite systems. Some satellites are so far from the subject being localized that by the time the satellite receives a signal from the subject it might have moved appreciably. Furthermore, some satellites or terrestrial sensors may be much closer to the subject than others. Therefore, sensors may need to be weighted based upon their distance to the subject being localized. In addition, …
Scalable System Design For Covert Mimo Communications, Jason R. Pennington
Scalable System Design For Covert Mimo Communications, Jason R. Pennington
Theses and Dissertations
In modern communication systems, bandwidth is a limited commodity. Bandwidth efficient systems are needed to meet the demands of the ever-increasing amount of data that users share. Of particular interest is the U.S. Military, where high-resolution pictures and video are used and shared. In these environments, covert communications are necessary while still providing high data rates. The promise of multi-antenna systems providing higher data rates has been shown on a small scale, but limitations in hardware prevent large systems from being implemented.
Proton Damage Effects On Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors, Evan R. Kemp
Proton Damage Effects On Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors, Evan R. Kemp
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the effects of proton damage on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors. The transistors were irradiated by 1.8 MeV protons to determine the damage induced in the SWCNTs and the device substrate using Raman spectroscopy, and to observe the effect on transistor functionality by measuring current-voltage characteristics. Irradiation of the SWCNT transistors to a fluence of 1x1013 protons/cm2 resulted in 67% increase in the Raman D/G peak intensity ratio, while at a fluence of 2x1013 protons/cm2 the increase in the D/G ratio was only 18%, likely due to radiation annealing. Current-voltage measurements indicated an …
Air Force Inspection System: An Application For System-Of-Systems (Sos) Engineering, Joseph R. Lay
Air Force Inspection System: An Application For System-Of-Systems (Sos) Engineering, Joseph R. Lay
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Combat Command (ACC) Inspector General (IG) assesses the operational readiness and combat effectiveness of units by evaluating individual wings. Today's conflicts; however, are waged as a joint force. The Joint Forces Commander (JFC) leverages the resources of the entire military complex to achieve strategic objectives. The synergistic effects, created by the integration of individual weapon systems, produce greater results than the individual components. Evaluating wings outside the joint System of Systems (SoS) architecture does not provide a true assessment of combat readiness. Using a case study method, this research examines the idea of integrating a joint SoS architecture …
Minimization Of The Effects Of Secondary Reactions On Turbine Film Cooling In A Fuel Rich Environment, Andrew T. Shewhart
Minimization Of The Effects Of Secondary Reactions On Turbine Film Cooling In A Fuel Rich Environment, Andrew T. Shewhart
Theses and Dissertations
The demand for increased thrust, higher engine efficiency, and reduced fuel consumption has increased the turbine inlet temperature and pressure in modern gas turbine engines. The outcome of these higher temperatures and pressures is the potential for unconsumed radical species to enter the turbine. Because modern cooling schemes for turbine blades involve injecting cool, oxygen rich air adjacent to the surface, the potential for reaction with radicals in the mainstream flow and augmented heat transfer to the blade arises. This study evaluated various configurations of multiple cylindrical rows of cooling holes in terms of both heat release and effective downstream …
The Differential Vector Phase-Locked Loop For Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Tracking, James J. Brewer
The Differential Vector Phase-Locked Loop For Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Tracking, James J. Brewer
Theses and Dissertations
A novel differential vector phase-locked loop (DVPLL) is derived that takes GNSS code-phase and carrier-phase measurements from a base station and uses them to maintain an integer ambiguity resolved quality solution directly in the vector tracking loop of a rover receiver. The only state variables estimated and used to create the replica code and carrier signals from the base station measurements are three position and two clock states for a static test. Closing the individual loops solely through the navigation filter makes this a pure vector method. For short baselines, where differential atmospheric errors are small, the DVPLL can be …
A Study Of Slipper And Rail Wear Interaction At Low Speed, Greg V. Cavallaro
A Study Of Slipper And Rail Wear Interaction At Low Speed, Greg V. Cavallaro
Theses and Dissertations
The wear research presented in the work consists of results gathered from adapting a FEM based on a Holloman High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) mission executed in January 2008. The FEM consists of a VascoMax slipper sliding on a stationary AISI-1080 steel rail. The slipper is slid along the rail at speeds of 20 m/s and 40 m/s with complementary vertical velocities of -0.079 m/s and -0.059 m/s, respectively. The surface roughness caused by features such as asperities and valleys of the materials, is simulated in this model by five asperities, 1 micron to 5 microns on the rail and …
Toward Automating Web Protocol Configuration For A Programmable Logic Controller Emulator, Deanna R. Fink
Toward Automating Web Protocol Configuration For A Programmable Logic Controller Emulator, Deanna R. Fink
Theses and Dissertations
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) remain vulnerable through attack vectors that exist within programmable logic controllers (PLC). PLC emulators used as honeypots can provide insight into these vulnerabilities. Honeypots can sometimes deter attackers from real devices and log activity. A variety of PLC emulators exist, but require manual figuration to change their PLC pro le. This limits their flexibility for deployment. An automated process for configuring PLC emulators can open the door for emulation of many types of PLCs. This study investigates the feasibility of creating such a process. The research creates an automated process for figuring the web protocols of …
Optimal Uav Path Planning For Tracking A Moving Ground Vehicle With A Gimbaled Camera, Riley A. Livermore
Optimal Uav Path Planning For Tracking A Moving Ground Vehicle With A Gimbaled Camera, Riley A. Livermore
Theses and Dissertations
This research develops a path planning algorithm that autonomously controls a UAV to provide convoy overwatch. The optimization algorithm determines the best path to y through developing a cost function that minimizes the control effort of the UAV and the deviation from a desired slant range. A heuristic-based algorithm was developed and implemented on the autopilot to approximate the optimal solution. In flight test, the UAV successfully tracked a moving ground vehicle by continually placing the UAV's loiter point directly above the ground vehicle's current location. This method was called the \follow-me mode and provided the baseline for real-world UAV …
The Use Of An Ultra-Compact Combustor As An Inter-Turbine Burner For Improved Engine Performance, Jose L. Miranda
The Use Of An Ultra-Compact Combustor As An Inter-Turbine Burner For Improved Engine Performance, Jose L. Miranda
Theses and Dissertations
An Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) represents a novel mechanism for generating additional work from a gas turbine engine in applications where an afterburner would typically be used. An ITB can achieve higher thermal efficiencies over a typical afterburner while also generating shaft work versus only additional thrust. In an effort to investigate the potential applications for the ITB, a numerical engine cycle comparison was made between the ITB cycle and a conventional afterburning cycle using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). In the case of thrust augmentation, the ITB model outperformed the afterburning model when Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (TSFC) is …
Thermal Loss Determination For A Small Internal Combustion Engine, Joshua A. Rittenhouse
Thermal Loss Determination For A Small Internal Combustion Engine, Joshua A. Rittenhouse
Theses and Dissertations
Three analysis techniques were used to measure the heat rejection of a 55 cc air-cooled two-stroke engine. This study was performed as part of a larger effort aimed at extending range and endurance limitations of Group 1 & 2 Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The engine selected for the study was a 55 cc gasoline-fueled, carbureted, spark-ignition engine made by 3W-Modellmotoren and is representative of RPA engines in these groups. With a surface area to volume ratio of 1.48 1/cm, the engine is in a size region where thermal losses begin to dominate engine efficiency and thermal efficiencies …
Influence Of Mach Number And Dynamic Pressure On Cavity Tones And Freedrop Trajectories, Justin D. Merrick
Influence Of Mach Number And Dynamic Pressure On Cavity Tones And Freedrop Trajectories, Justin D. Merrick
Theses and Dissertations
Weapons release at supersonic speeds from an internal weapons bay is a highly desirable capability. To ensure a successful release at multiple Mach numbers, the aerodynamic environment must be well-understood and repeatable, with a robust system for safe testing of store separation. For this reason, experimental methods were used to investigate the characteristics of a scaled WICS bay with a length-to-depth ratio of 4.5 at multiple Mach numbers and stagnation pressures. Three new nozzles were designed, manufactured, and characterized for the AFIT small supersonic tunnel, yielding freestream Mach numbers of 2.22, 1.84, and 1.43. In addition, a control valve was …
Experimental Investigation Of Mechanical Behavior Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Composite In Interlaminar Shear And Under Combined Tension-Torsion Loading, Skyler R. Hilburn
Experimental Investigation Of Mechanical Behavior Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Composite In Interlaminar Shear And Under Combined Tension-Torsion Loading, Skyler R. Hilburn
Theses and Dissertations
Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite, Nextel 720™/aluminosilicate (N720/AS), was investigated at 1100°C in laboratory air and in steam. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was determined as 7.65 MPa. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses in the 2-6 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air and in steam. Tertiary creep was noted in the tests performed at 6 MPa. Larger creep strains and higher creep strain rates were produced in steam. Surprisingly, the presence of steam had a beneficial effect on creep lifetimes. It appears …
Secure Ads-B: Towards Airborne Communications Security In The Federal Aviation Administration's Next Generation Air Transportation System, Richard C. Agbeyibor
Secure Ads-B: Towards Airborne Communications Security In The Federal Aviation Administration's Next Generation Air Transportation System, Richard C. Agbeyibor
Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. Congress has mandated that all aircraft operating within the National Airspace System, military or civilian, be equipped with ADS-B transponders by the year 2020. The ADS-B aircraft tracking system, part of the Federal Aviation Administration's NextGen overhaul of the Air Transportation System, replaces Radar-based surveillance with a more accurate satellite-based surveillance system. However, the unencrypted nature of ADS-B communication poses an operational security risk to military and law enforcement aircraft conducting sensitive missions. The non-standard format of its message and the legacy communication channels used by its transponders make the ADS-B system unsuitable for traditional encryption mechanisms. FPE, …
Gps Multipath Reduction With Correlator Beamforming, Jason M. Barhorst
Gps Multipath Reduction With Correlator Beamforming, Jason M. Barhorst
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort investigates the feasibility of beamforming using a single Global Positioning System (GPS) front end. Traditional methods of beamforming use multiple front ends, typically one per antenna element. By enabling a receiver to sample a switched antenna array, the hardware cost of implementing a GPS antenna array can be significantly reduced. Similar techniques of reducing the number of receivers have been used by Locata Corporation in the design of their non-GPS positioning systems. However, Locata Corporation's local transmitters provide a signal strength much higher than GPS's signal strength. For this reason, the inclusion of low-noise amplifiers into the …