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2007

Carbon dioxide

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Inducing Energy Conservation And Distributed Generation From Elimination Of Electric Utility Customer Charges, Joshua M. Pearce, Paul J. Harris Sep 2007

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Inducing Energy Conservation And Distributed Generation From Elimination Of Electric Utility Customer Charges, Joshua M. Pearce, Paul J. Harris

Joshua M. Pearce

This paper quantifies the increased greenhouse gas emissions and negative effect on energy conservation (or “efficiency penalty”) due to electric rate structures that employ an unavoidable customer charge. First, the extent of customer charges was determined from a nationwide survey of US electric tariffs. To eliminate the customer charge nationally while maintaining a fixed sum for electric companies for a given amount of electricity, an increase of 7.12% in the residential electrical rate was found to be necessary. If enacted, this increase in the electric rate would result in a 6.4% reduction in overall electricity consumption, conserving 73 billion kW …

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Demonstration Of Clean Particle Seeding For Particle Image Velocimetry In A Closed Circuit Supersonic Wind Tunnel, Charles M. Mcniel Mar 2007

Demonstration Of Clean Particle Seeding For Particle Image Velocimetry In A Closed Circuit Supersonic Wind Tunnel, Charles M. Mcniel

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine whether solid carbon dioxide (CO2) particles might provide a satisfactory, and cleaner, alternative to traditional seed material for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for use in a closed circuit supersonic wind tunnel. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) closed circuit pressure-vacuum supersonic wind tunnel was utilized, which achieves a nominal Mach number of Mach 2.9 in a 2.5 inch by 2.5 inch square test section. CO2 was dispensed into the flow as a liquid from a standard compressed gas liquid tank through two different injector styles at two injection …

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