Engineering Commons^™

On The Implementation Of The Iec 61850 Standard: Will Different Manufacturer Devices Behave Similarly Under Identical Conditions?, Mohamad El Hariri, Tarek A. Youssef, Osama A. Mohammed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Standardization in smart grid communications is necessary to facilitate complex operations of modern power system functions. However, the strong coupling between the cyber and physical domains of the contemporary grid exposes the system to vulnerabilities and thus places more burden on standards’ developers. As such, standards need to be continuously assessed for reliability and are expected to be implemented properly on field devices. However, the actual implementation of common standards varies between vendors, which may lead to different behaviors of the devices even if present under similar conditions. The work in this paper tested the implementation of the International Electro-technical …

Identity-Based Schemes For A Secured Big Data And Cloud Ict Framework In Smart Grid System, Feng Ye, Yi Qian, Rose Qingyang Hu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Smart grid is an intelligent cyber physical system (CPS). The CPS generates a massive amount of data for efficient grid operation. In this paper, a big data-driven, cloud-based information and communication technology (ICT) framework for smart grid CPS is proposed. The proposed ICT framework deploys hybrid cloud servers to enhance scalability and reliability of smart grid communication infrastructure. Because the data in the ICT framework contains much privacy of customers and important data for automated controlling, the security of data transmission must be ensured. In order to secure the communications over the Internet in the system, identity-based schemes are proposed …

Identity‐Based Schemes For A Secured Big Data And Cloud Ict Framework In Smart Grid System, Feng Ye, Yi Qian, Rose Qingyang Hu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Smart grid is an intelligent cyber physical system (CPS). The CPS generates a massive amount of data for efficient grid operation. In this paper, a big data‐driven, cloud‐based information and communication technology (ICT) framework for smart grid CPS is proposed. The proposed ICT framework deploys hybrid cloud servers to enhance scalability and reliability of smart grid communication infrastructure. Because the data in the ICT framework contains much privacy of customers and important data for automated controlling, the security of data transmission must be ensured. In order to secure the communications over the Internet in the system, identity‐based schemes are proposed …

Boostnoc: Power Efficient Network-On-Chip Architecture For Near Threshold Computing, Chidhambaranathan Rajamanikkam, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

While near threshold design space provides a promising approach towards energy-efficient computing, it is plagued by sub-optimal performance. Application characteristics and hardware non-idealities of conventional architectures (optimized for the nominal voltage) prevent us from fully leveraging the potential of NTC systems. Further, the popular approach of increasing the computational core count to compensate for the performance loss severely burdens the on-chip communication fabric with an increased communication demand. In this work, we quantitatively analyze the performance bottleneck createdby a conventional NoC architecture in many-core NTC systems. To reclaim the performance lost due to a sub-optimal NoC, we propose BoostNoC - …

Negative Index In Chiral Metamaterials Under Conductive Loss And First-Order Material Dispersion Using Lorentzian, Condon And Drude Models, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Tarig A. Algadey

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Emergence of negative index (NIM) in chiral materials with conductive loss using standard dispersive models is reported. Positive and negative phase and group indices are realized as expected for NIM behavior for sidebands with opposite polarities.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Bifurcation Maps, Signal Encryption And Decryption Using Acousto-Optic Chaos Under A Variable Aperture Illumination, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Suman Chaparala

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Bragg cell nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation properties under first-order feedback with variable aperture are examined. Chaotic encryption and recovery of low-bandwidth signals, and optimal performance are evaluated for fixed and variable apertures.

Anisoplanatic Electromagnetic Image Propagation Through Narrow Or Extended Phase Turbulence Using Altitude-Dependent Structure Parameter, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Ali Mohamed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The effects of turbulence on anisoplanatic imaging are often modeled through the use of a sequence of phase screens distributed along the optical path. We implement the split-step wave algorithm to examine turbulence-corrupted images.

Examination Of The Nonlinear Dynamics And Possible Chaos Encryption In A Zeroth-Order Acousto-Optic Bragg Modulator With Feedback, Fares S. Almehmadi, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Zeroth-order chaos modulation in a Bragg cell is examined such that tracking problems due to spatial deflections of the first-order AO beam at the receiver may be avoided by switching to the undeviated zeroth-order beam.

Cbrs Spectrum Sharing Between Lte-U And Wifi: A Multiarmed Bandit Approach, Imtiaz Parvez, M.G.S. Sriyananda, Ismail Guvenc, Mehdi Bennis, Arif I. Sarwat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The surge of mobile devices such as smartphone and tablets requires additional capacity. To achieve ubiquitous and high data rate Internet connectivity, effective spectrum sharing and utilization of the wireless spectrum carry critical importance. In this paper, we consider the use of unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) technology in the 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band and develop a multiarmed bandit (MAB) based spectrum sharing technique for a smooth coexistence with WiFi. In particular, we consider LTE-U to operate as a General Authorized Access (GAA) user; hereby MAB is used to adaptively optimize the transmission duty cycle of LTE-U transmissions. …

Securing Metering Infrastructure Of Smart Grid: A Machine Learning And Localization Based Key Management Approach, Imtiaz Parvez, Arif I. Sarwat, Longfei Wei, Aditya Sundararajan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In smart cities, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) of the smart grid facilitates automated metering, control and monitoring of power distribution by employing a wireless network. Due to this wireless nature of communication, there exist potential threats to the data privacy in AMI. Decoding the energy consumption reading, injecting false data/command signals and jamming the networks are some hazardous measures against this technology. Since a smart meter possesses limited memory and computational capability, AMI demands a light, but robust security scheme. In this paper, we propose a localization-based key management system for meter data encryption. Data are encrypted by the key …

Structural Stability Of Functionalized Silicene Nanoribbons With Normal, Reconstructed, And Hybrid Edges, Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei, Ingrid Torres, Irene Calizo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Silicene, a novel graphene-like material, has attracted a significant attention because of its potential applications for nanoelectronics. In this paper, we have theoretically investigated the structural stability of edge-hydrogenated and edge-fluorinated silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs) via first-principles calculations. Various edge forms of SiNRs including armchair edge, zigzag edge, Klein edge, reconstructed Klein edge, reconstructed pentagon-heptagon edge, and hybrid edges have been considered. It has been found that fully fluorinated Klein edge SiNRs, in which each edge Si atom is terminated by three fluorine atoms, are the most stable structure. We also discovered that a hybrid edge structure of trihydrogenated Klein edge …

Cbrs Spectrum Sharing Between Lte-U And Wifi: A Multiarmed Bandit Approach, Imtiaz Parvez, M. G. S. Sriyananda, Ismail Guvenc, Mehdi Bennis, Arif I. Sarwat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The surge of mobile devices such as smartphone and tablets requires additional capacity. To achieve ubiquitous and high data rate Internet connectivity, effective spectrum sharing and utilization of the wireless spectrum carry critical importance. In this paper, we consider the use of unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) technology in the 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band and develop a multiarmed bandit (MAB) based spectrum sharing technique for a smooth coexistence with WiFi. In particular, we consider LTE-U to operate as a General Authorized Access (GAA) user; hereby MAB is used to adaptively optimize the transmission duty cycle of LTE-U transmissions. …

Analysis Of Various Classification Techniques For Computer Aided Detection System Of Pulmonary Nodules In Ct, Barath Narayanan Narayanan, Russell C. Hardie, Temesguen Messay

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It usually exhibits its presence with the formation of pulmonary nodules. Nodules are round or oval-shaped growth present in the lung. Computed Tomography (CT) scans are used by radiologists to detect such nodules. Computer Aided Detection (CAD) of such nodules would aid in providing a second opinion to the radiologists and would be of valuable help in lung cancer screening. In this research, we study various feature selection methods for the CAD system framework proposed in FlyerScan. Algorithmic steps of FlyerScan include (i) local contrast enhancement (ii) …

Recursive Non-Local Means Filter For Video Denoising With Poisson-Gaussian Noise, Redha A. Almahdi, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we describe a new recursive Non-Local means (RNLM) algorithm for video denoising that has been developed by the current authors. Furthermore, we extend this work by incorporating a Poisson-Gaussian noise model. Our new RNLM method provides a computationally efficient means for video denoising, and yields improved performance compared with the single frame NLM and BM3D benchmarks methods. Non-Local means (NLM) based methods of denoising have been applied successfully in various image and video sequence denoising applications. However, direct extension of this method from 2D to 3D for video processing can be computationally demanding. The RNLM approach takes …

Learn To Rank Images: A Unified Probabilistic Hypergraph Model For Visual Search, Kaiman Zeng, Nansong Wu, Arman Sargolzaei, Kang Yen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In visual search systems, it is important to address the issue of how to leverage the rich contextual information in a visual computational model to build more robust visual search systems and to better satisfy the user’s need and intention. In this paper, we introduced a ranking model by understanding the complex relations within product visual and textual information in visual search systems. To understand their complex relations, we focused on using graph-based paradigms to model the relations among product images, product category labels, and product names and descriptions. We developed a unified probabilistic hypergraph ranking algorithm, which, modeling the …

Catching The Flu: Emerging Threats From A Third Party Power Management Unit., Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Chidhambaranathan Rajamanikkam, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Power management units (PMU) have come into the spotlight with energy efficiency becoming a first order constraint in MPSoC designs. To cater to the exponential rise in power events, and to meet the demands of tight power and energy budgets, PMUs are evolving to more complex and intelligent designs. In an era defined by energy efficient computing, a malicious circuit embedded in a third party PMU can adversely affect the operation of the entire MPSoC. This work presents and evaluates two covert security threats, P-VIRUS and DROWSY, designed using a malicious third party PMU. Further, we propose a non-invasive IP …

Swiftgpu: Fostering Energy Efficiency In A Near-Threshold Gpu Through A Tactical Performance Boost, Prabal Basu, Hu Chen, Shamik Saha, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we investigate the challenges of preserving energy-efficiency in a Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) GPU. Two key factors can significantly undermine the efficacy of GPUs at NTC: (a) elongated delays at NTC make the GPU applications severely sensitive toMulti-cycle Latency Datapaths (MLDs) within the GPU pipeline; and (b) process variation (PV) at NTC induces a substantial performance variance. To address these emerging challenges, we propose SwiftGPU - -an energyefficient GPU design paradigm at NTC. SwiftGPU dynamically adjusts the degree of parallelization, and the speed of the MLDs within each stream core of the GPU. The proposed scheme achieves an …

Resonance Coupling In Plasmonic Nanomatryoshka Homo- And Heterodimers, Arash Ahmadivand, Raju Sinha, Nezih Pala

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Here, we examine the electromagnetic (EM) energy coupling and hybridization of plasmon resonances between closely spaced concentric nanoshells known as “nanomatryoshka” (NM) units in symmetric and antisymmetric compositions using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) analysis. Utilizing plasmon hybridization model, we calculated the energy level diagrams and verified that, in the symmetric dimer (in-phase mode in a homodimer), plasmonic bonding modes are dominant and tunable within the considered bandwidth. In contrast, in the antisymmetric dimer (out-of-phase mode in a heterodimer), due to the lack of the geometrical symmetry, new antibonding modes appear in the extinction profile, and this condition gives …

Smart Grid Security: Threats, Challenges, And Solutions, Anibal Sanjab, Walid Saad, Ismail Guvenc, Arif I. Sarwat, Saroj Biswas

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The cyber-physical nature of the smart grid has rendered it vulnerable to a multitude of attacks that can occur at its communication, networking, and physical entry points. Such cyber-physical attacks can have detrimental effects on the operation of the grid as exemplified by the recent attack which caused a blackout of the Ukranian power grid. Thus, to properly secure the smart grid, it is of utmost importance to: a) understand its underlying vulnerabilities and associated threats, b) quantify their effects, and c) devise appropriate security solutions. In this paper, the key threats targeting the smart grid are first exposed while …

Characterization Of Geolocation Accuracy Of Suomi Npp Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Measurements, Yang Han, Fuzhong Weng, Xiaolei Zou, Hu Yang, Deron Scott

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite has 22 channels at frequencies ranging from 23 to 183 GHz for probing the atmospheric temperature and moisture under all weather conditions. As part of the ATMS calibration and validation activities, the geolocation accuracy of ATMS data must be well characterized and documented. In this study, the coastline crossing method (CCM) and the land-sea fraction method (LFM) are utilized to characterize and quantify the ATMS geolocation accuracy. The CCM is based on the inflection points of the ATMS window channel measurements across the coastlines, whereas the LFM collocates …

Graphene Fets With Low-Resistance Hybrid Contacts For Improved High Frequency Performance, Chowdhury Al-Amin, Mustafa Karabiyik, Phani Kiran Vabbina, Raju Sinha, Nezih Pala

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work proposes a novel geometry field effect transistor with graphene as a channel—graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), having a hybrid contact that consists of an ohmic source/drain and its extended part towards the gate, which is capacitively coupled to the channel. The ohmic contacts are used for direct current (DC) biasing, whereas their capacitive extension reduces access region length and provides the radio frequency (RF) signal a low impedance path. Minimization of the access region length, along with the paralleling of ohmic contact’s resistance and resistive part of capacitively coupled contact’s impedance, lower the overall source/drain resistance, which results in …

Histogram Of Oriented Phase (Hop): A New Descriptor Based On Phase Congruency, Hussin Ragb, Vijayan K. Asari

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper we present a low level image descriptor called Histogram of Oriented Phase based on phase congruency concept and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Since the phase of the signal conveys more information regarding signal structure than the magnitude, the proposed descriptor can precisely identify and localize image features over the gradient based techniques, especially in the regions affected by illumination changes. The proposed features can be formed by extracting the phase congruency information for each pixel in the image with respect to its neighborhood. Histograms of the phase congruency values of the local regions in the image …

Optimal Operation Of Combined Photovoltaic Electrolyzer Systems, Arash Khalilnejad, Aditya Sundararajan, Alireza Abbaspour, Arif I. Sarwat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this study, the design and simulation of a combination of a photovoltaic (PV) array with an alkaline electrolyzer is performed to maximize the production of hydrogen as a reliable power resource. Detailed electrical model of PV system, as long as thermal and electrochemical model of electrolyzer is used. Since an electrolyzer is a non-linear load, its coupling with PV systems to get the best power transfer is very important. Solar irradiation calculations were done for the region of Miami (FL, USA), giving an optimal surface slope of 25.7° for the PV array. The size of the PV array is …

Effects Of Vocal Fold Nodules On Glottal Cycle Measurements Derived From High-Speed Videoendoscopy In Children, Rita R. Patel, Harikrishnan Unnikrishnan, Kevin D. Donohue

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The goal of this study is to quantify the effects of vocal fold nodules on vibratory motion in children using high-speed videoendoscopy. Differences in vibratory motion were evaluated in 20 children with vocal fold nodules (5–11 years) and 20 age and gender matched typically developing children (5–11 years) during sustained phonation at typical pitch and loudness. Normalized kinematic features of vocal fold displacements from the mid-membranous vocal fold point were extracted from the steady-state high-speed video. A total of 12 kinematic features representing spatial and temporal characteristics of vibratory motion were calculated. Average values and standard deviations (cycle-to-cycle variability) of …

Differential Tilt Variance Effects Of Turbulence In Imagery: Comparing Simulation With Theory, Daniel A. Lemaster, Russell C. Hardie, Szymon Gladysz, Matthew D. Howard, Michael Armand Rucci, Matthew E. Trippel, Jonathan D. Power, Barry K. Karch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Differential tilt variance is a useful metric for interpreting the distorting effects of turbulence in incoherent imaging systems. In this paper, we compare the theoretical model of differential tilt variance to simulations. Simulation is based on a Monte Carlo wave optics approach with split step propagation. Results show that the simulation closely matches theory. The results also show that care must be taken when selecting a method to estimate tilts.

Large-Area Object Search And Recovery Using Sector-Based Aerial Acousto-Optic Scanning And Reflection Sensing, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Salaheddeen G. Bugoffa

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A sector-based angular scanning system intended to identify and spatially locate relatively small objects scattered over a large terrain is described in this paper. The system is modeled as a planar surface on the horizontal (XY) plane, with an acousto-optic Bragg cell on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating in the XZ plane.

The Bragg cell is excited by a chirped RF signal with a designed frequency ramp. As the scanning beam reflects off the horizontal surface, a detector placed strategically at a suitable altitude (in the analysis shown to be on board the UAV itself) picks up the …

Diffractive Propagation And Recovery Of Modulated (Including Chaotic) Electromagnetic Waves Through Uniform Atmosphere And Modified Von Karman Phase Turbulence, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Fathi H.A. Mohamed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In a parallel approach to recently-used transfer function formalism, a study involving diffraction of modulated electromagnetic (EM) waves through uniform and phase-turbulent atmospheres is reported in this paper. Specifically, the input wave is treated as a modulated optical carrier, represented by use of a sinusoidal phasor with a slowly timevarying envelope. Using phasors and (spatial) Fourier transforms, the complex phasor wave is transmitted across a uniform or turbulent medium using the Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral and the random phase screen.

Some preliminary results are presented comparing non-chaotic and chaotic information transmission through turbulence, outlining possible improvement in performance utilizing the robust features …

Prada: Combating Voltage Noise In The Noc Power Supply Through Flow-Control And Routing Algorithms., Prabal Basu, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become the de-facto standard for on-chip communication in MPSoCs. The growing NoC power footprint, increase in the transistor current, and high switching speed of the logic devices, exacerbate the peak power supply noise (PSN) in the NoC power delivery network (PDN). Hence, preserving power supply integrity in the NoC PDN is critical. In this work, we propose PRADA (PSN-aware Runtime Adaptation)-a collection of a novel flow-control protocol (PAF) and an adaptive routing algorithm (PAR), to mitigate PSN in NoCs. Our best scheme achieves 14% and 12% improvements in the regional peak PSN and energy efficiency, with an …

Data Distribution Service-Based Interoperability Framework For Smart Grid Testbed Infrastructure, Tarek A. Youssef, Ahmed T. Elsayed, Osama A. Mohammed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents the design and implementation of a communication and control infrastructure for smart grid operation. The proposed infrastructure enhances the reliability of the measurements and control network. The advantages of utilizing the data-centric over message-centric communication approach are discussed in the context of smart grid applications. The data distribution service (DDS) is used to implement a data-centric common data bus for the smart grid. This common data bus improves the communication reliability, enabling distributed control and smart load management. These enhancements are achieved by avoiding a single point of failure while enabling peer-to-peer communication and an automatic discovery …

A New Architecture For Application-Aware Cognitive Multihop Wireless Networks, Trenton Evans, Kossivi Tossou, Feng Ye, Zhihui Shu, Yi Qian, Yaoqing Yang, Hamid Sharif

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this article, we propose a new architecture for AC-MWN. Cognitive radio is a technique to adaptively use the spectrum so that the resource can be used more efficiently in a low-cost way. A multihop wireless network can be deployed quickly and flexibly without fixed infrastructure. In our proposed new architecture, we study backbone routing schemes with network cognition, and a routing scheme with network coding and spectrum adaptation. A testbed is implemented to test the proposed schemes for AC-MWN. In addition to basic measurements, we implement a video streaming application based on the proposed AC-MWN architecture using cognitive radios. …