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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Deep Learning Approach For Identifying Key Biomarkers In Medical Imaging Applications, David Odaibo
A Deep Learning Approach For Identifying Key Biomarkers In Medical Imaging Applications, David Odaibo
All ETDs from UAB
Although Deep Leaning has achieved great success in many domains in recent years, research into its applicability and effectiveness in medical applications has been limited for various reasons. Some of these barriers are related to the historic impression that neural networks are black boxes, especially when applied to medical diagnosis and offer no in terpretation into prediction. In this dissertation, I demonstrated that deep learning can be an effective utility in medical diagnosis and biomarker detection. In particular, I have developed deep learning models that can identify biomarkers in brain hemorrhage, brain tumor, pneumonia, diabetic retinopathy and Parkinsons disease, with …
Enhanced Proangiogenic Activity Of Endothelial Cells In Response To Polyglutamate Domain-Modified Qk Peptides Delivered On Bone Grafting Materials, Nicholas Weldon Pensa
Enhanced Proangiogenic Activity Of Endothelial Cells In Response To Polyglutamate Domain-Modified Qk Peptides Delivered On Bone Grafting Materials, Nicholas Weldon Pensa
All ETDs from UAB
Over 2 million bone grafting procedures are performed annually. To meet the high demand for these surgeries, commercial grafting materials sourced from allograft, xenograft, and synthetic calcium phosphate have become widely popular clinically. One limitation of these grafts, however, is their lack of growth factors that drive angiogenesis during bone tissue regeneration. Insufficient revascularization of the injured bone tissue leads to poor fracture healing. However, reincorporating angiogenic factors on grafting materials has proven challenging due to limited surface interactions between the protein and mineral graft surface. To address this challenge, we have synthesized a polyglutamate domain to the VEGF mimetic …
Recycling Of Secondary Composite Materials, Kristin Nicole Hardin
Recycling Of Secondary Composite Materials, Kristin Nicole Hardin
All ETDs from UAB
Over the past two decades, composites have shown their ability to help shape and define sustainability through many of their inherent characteristics, such as having high strength-to-weight ratio with long life cycles. However, composites in general are not widely recycled. Current production scrap, reject parts and end of life components are disposed of in landfills, which is costly and damaging to the environment. Driven largely by public perception and technology, the composites industry is starting to put efforts into research and design of composite recycling. Two of the biggest hurdles to widespread composite recycling is the lack of knowledge for …
The Efficacy Of Weakly Supervised Learning For Biomedical Imaging, Solomon Lee Hatcher
The Efficacy Of Weakly Supervised Learning For Biomedical Imaging, Solomon Lee Hatcher
All ETDs from UAB
This paper aims to investigate the use of unsupervised saliency proposals in extracting suitable prior information from computed tomography scans of the head using image-level labels. The weak supervision learning method obtains useful information about an object’s location and fuses this result with an unsupervised saliency proposal to propagate labels to all related pixels. However, it is shown that unsupervised saliency guidance fails to supply the synthetic annotations with enough coherence to produce suitable segmentation.
Development Of Wind Performance Curves For Seismically Damaged Structures, Heba Mohamed Elsisi
Development Of Wind Performance Curves For Seismically Damaged Structures, Heba Mohamed Elsisi
All ETDs from UAB
Recently, there has been an immense increase in the severity and the frequency of extreme events across the globe. Accordingly, there is a demand for tools that can provide immediate assessment for structures safety after extreme events. This thesis introduces performance curves of wind events for seismically damaged structures. Performance curves are plots that estimates an engineering output (displacement, damage, etc.) knowing the value of certain input demand (applied forces, seismic loads, wind loads etc.). Oftentimes, structural performance is evaluated for independent events (seismic only, wind only, floods etc.). In this study, we will investigate developing performance curves for sequential …
Transdisciplinary Problem-Solving Using Convergence-Based Engineering Modeling And Communication Theory, Darrell Fielder
Transdisciplinary Problem-Solving Using Convergence-Based Engineering Modeling And Communication Theory, Darrell Fielder
All ETDs from UAB
Convergence, an approach to problem-solving that transcends disciplinary boundaries, is increasingly viewed as a key enabler in the development of timely, cost-effective, and resilient solutions for some of society’s most vexing problems in healthcare, energy, and other complex problem domains. This transdisciplinary convergence, with its emphasis on collaboration beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries (electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, computer engineering, and project management), is necessary to bridge the communication chasms that often emerge in silo-based research and problem-solving. These communication rifts, deepened by language, jargon, process, and technical differences between disciplines, represent major impediments to collective research. In this dissertation, …
Behavior Of Fillet Welds In Skewed Joints, Mohamed Salah Gallow
Behavior Of Fillet Welds In Skewed Joints, Mohamed Salah Gallow
All ETDs from UAB
Fillet weld connections are very common in steel structures because they are easier and cheaper than other types of welded connections, such as groove welds. Several studies were performed on fillet weld of right dihedral angle, such as T-joints weld, to specify its capacity and failure mechanisms under different load directions. Nevertheless, the fillet weld strength analysis is based solely on the shear strength of the weld. Additionally, many of the current details commonly used for T-Joints were based on the requirements for groove welds. Fillet weld design concepts for skewed T-joints in the AWS D1.1 and AISC specifications are …
Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment Using Agricultural Waste Materials, Seyma Demirci
Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment Using Agricultural Waste Materials, Seyma Demirci
All ETDs from UAB
Wastewater generated from human activities is one of the biggest problems polluting in the world. Currently, in order to reduce pollution and to limit the effects on the environment, researchers are investigating new methods and innovative materials for use in wastewater treatment. A goal of environmental engineers is to lower the coagulant cost and to improve the characteristics of the produced purification. This presented work investigates the role of agricultural materials (woodchips, banana fibers, and straw) to use in the treatment of municipal wastewater and to study their physicochemical characteristics (pH, COD, BOD, TSS, Conductivity, Turbidity, and Fecal Coliforms) of …
Towards Safeguarding Users Against Phishing And Ransomware Attacks, Arsh Arora
Towards Safeguarding Users Against Phishing And Ransomware Attacks, Arsh Arora
All ETDs from UAB
Over the past decade, malicious software (malware) attacks have skyrocketed and increased at a considerably faster pace than predicted. The variety in the number of malware categories is one of the contributing factors to this rapid insurgence. According to Microsoft statistics, a range of 300,000-400,000 malware binaries is observed on average per day. With this increase, there is an unmet need for innovative approaches to detect new malware, as current nomenclature is not equipped to handle the prevention against continuous growth. Developing appropriate preventive measures to stop these malware attacks has been an ongoing struggle for security experts. The most …
Development And Validation Of A Recumbent Patient Weighing Scale, Kayla Rettig
Development And Validation Of A Recumbent Patient Weighing Scale, Kayla Rettig
All ETDs from UAB
Today, most medications are administered according to a standard amount or based on the patient’s weight (weight-based). For emergency departments and emergency medical services, weight-based medications are difficult to administer as medical personnel do not have a means to obtain accurate patient weights. Paramedics generally rely on visual estimation for adults and height- or age-based estimation tools for children in order to obtain weight. Over the past year, a team of biomedical engineering students, including the present author, worked to design and fabricate a weighing device for in-ambulance use. This device consists of three separate scales, wired together as one, …
Simplified Vector-Directed Control Of A Tiltrotator Equipped Excavator, Timothy Daniel Fisher
Simplified Vector-Directed Control Of A Tiltrotator Equipped Excavator, Timothy Daniel Fisher
All ETDs from UAB
A tiltrotator is an attachment for an excavator, inserted between the excavator arm and the bucket. It attaches to and utilizes the excavator’s native bucket motion actuator to provide angular motion in the motion plane of the excavator arm. The tiltrotator then adds a joint with the ability to tilt ±45° perpendicular to the excavator arm, and an additional joint permitting 360° rotation normal to the previous joint axis. [1] The tiltrotator expands an excavator’s range of motion, but also increases the number and complexity of the operator’s controls. This thesis applies principles of robotics to a tiltrotator-equipped excavator, allowing …
Design Of A Truck-Mounted Attenuator With Tube Folding Technology, Santosh Gautam
Design Of A Truck-Mounted Attenuator With Tube Folding Technology, Santosh Gautam
All ETDs from UAB
DESIGN OF A TRUCK-MOUNTED ATTENUATOR WITH TUBE FOLDING TECHNOLOGY SANTOSH GAUTAM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ABSTRACT Highway safety features have been continuously developed and employed over the years to protect vehicle occupants, pedestrians and work zone personnel from injuries in roadside accidents. The new truck-mounted attenuator designed and evaluated in this study aims to dissipate impacting energy of the errant vehicle in a controlled manner using a tube folding mechanism. Finite element modeling using LS-DYNA is used to study the performance of the designed truck-mounted attenuator. It is required to safely bring passenger vehicles travelling at a speed of 62 mph to …
Low-Cost Smart Adaptation Of Acoustic For Blood Clot Monitoring System, Hanzhi Teng
Low-Cost Smart Adaptation Of Acoustic For Blood Clot Monitoring System, Hanzhi Teng
All ETDs from UAB
The patented vascular access is critical for successful hemodialysis. Patients with renal failure undergoing dialysis have increased the risk of acute arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG) thrombosis, placing them with severe morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. In most cases, dialysis vascular access thrombosis leading to non-functional AVG/AVF occurs in a non-health environment and is usually not detected until the patient is seen at the next dialysis appointment. This leads to the loss of opportunities for early identification and timely intervention. Studies have shown that, the results of treatment are poor in patients who have undergone thrombectomy after coagulation, and …
An Assistive Device That Aids The Visiually Imparied People To The Crosswalk, Jiayue Wang
An Assistive Device That Aids The Visiually Imparied People To The Crosswalk, Jiayue Wang
All ETDs from UAB
The visually impaired people mostly rely on a blind cane or specially trained the dogs (Guide dogs) to help them walk or cross the road safely. However, the white canes are for only avoiding obstacles on the roadway and training the guide dogs is a long-term process. Deficiency of reliable assistive tools, traffic accidents seem to be inevitable, especially to visually impaired or blind people. In order to address this problem and decrease the accidents of this nature, technologically more advanced and intelligent tools are necessary. This proposed thesis work will help visually impaired individuals, without affecting their daily activities …
Wireless Smart Bandage For Real-Time Monitoring And Healing Of Chronic Wounds, Ting Zhang
Wireless Smart Bandage For Real-Time Monitoring And Healing Of Chronic Wounds, Ting Zhang
All ETDs from UAB
Chronic wound recovery time is long and easy to recur, which brings a high burden on the patient's physical and psychological aspects. The increase in the cost of per capita medical services and the increase in the number of people in demand for medical services have led to an increasing requirement for real-time monitoring and healing in patient's health outside of the hospital. For this purpose, the smart bandage is being developed to monitor the real-time situation of the wound. With the development of wireless sensor networks, the increasing number of sensing units has placed a great burden on the …
Connection Strengthening Scheme For Coastal Bridges Under Hurricane Induced Surge And Wave Load Using C-Iepm, Li He
All ETDs from UAB
Considerable damage to the highway bridge system in the Gulf Coast area was observed during the Hurricane Katrina disaster, of which the primary failure mode, caused primarily by the storm-induced loading, is believed to be the superstructure-substructure connection failure which caused further unseating and drifting of the decks. A new Carbon-fiber Interfacial Epoxy-Polyurea Matrix (C-IEPM) composite is investigated as a potential retrofit option for vulnerable girder-to-cap connection-details in coastal highway bridges. Six scaled concrete girders were tested using a modified simulated storm surge and slamming wave force function, derived using regional maps for a 100-year return-period Hurricane Katrina. Two girders, …
Genetic And Epigenetic Underpinnings Of End-Stage Human Heart Failure, Mark Emile Pepin
Genetic And Epigenetic Underpinnings Of End-Stage Human Heart Failure, Mark Emile Pepin
All ETDs from UAB
Heart failure (HF) is the clinical endpoint of numerous diseases that negatively impact the heart’s capacity to pump and/or fill with blood. A variety of genetic and environmental factors have been identified as critical determinants of HF susceptibility; however, these factors cannot independently explain the phenotypic diversity of human HF. Instead, a complex interplay has been theorized to exist between genetics and the environment, although the molecular underpinnings of this synergy remain poorly understood. Of the possible mechanisms, epigenetic influences are uniquely capable of explaining how acute stressors of the cardiac microenvironment trigger the stable – yet reversible – reprogramming …
Wireless Charging And Data Communication Of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Shang-Kai Wei
Wireless Charging And Data Communication Of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Shang-Kai Wei
All ETDs from UAB
Wireless charging system in current market usually uses Class D oscillator in the transceiver side, however, this design is highly power consumption and low transfer efficiency. In this report, Class E oscillator is used to decrease the power consumption. Class E oscillator is perfectly zero voltage switching and high transfer efficiency. To increase the wireless transfer efficiency, spiral PCB inductor is also used as the wireless charging pad. Spiral PCB inductor usually uses for RF circuit with high accurately, moreover, the inductance and Q-factor is higher than current wireless charging coil with Litz or magnetic wire. In the receiver side, …
Design, Develop And Manufacture A Low-Cost 32-Channel Biosignal Amplifier And D/A Converter Device For Multi- Electrode Neural Recording, Yen-Tze Liu
All ETDs from UAB
In the current market, there are many multichannel neural recording devices are available. However, they are either very expensive or physically big so that it cannot be used too close to the specimen because of the space limitations due to experimental setting such as Faraday cage, microscope, and other stimuli apparatus. In addition to that, the large electronic devices in the cell recording area are susceptible to create electrical noise, especially if they are not battery operated. This thesis work will try to deliver solutions following three main problems. The first problem we address is the device cost per recording …
Bridge Safety Against Multi-Hazard, Yahya Mohammed Mohammed
Bridge Safety Against Multi-Hazard, Yahya Mohammed Mohammed
All ETDs from UAB
Multiple hazards (e.g., earthquake, wind gust, flood, vessel collision, traffic overload and accidents, and terrorist attacks, etc.) must be properly considered in highway bridge design in addition to the normal functionality requirements. Unfortunately, the structural health of bridges are continuously deteriorated over time, this in tandem with an excessive increase in hazard events, which makes the network extremely vulnerable to natural hazards. The main goal of this dissertation is to provide methods to investigate bridges safety against multi-hazard by obtaining load scenarios and evaluation of the performance based on these loads. Hazard events have been divided into routine events and …
Framework For Validation Of Different Media Types Using A Model Based On Consensus, Adilahmed Patel
Framework For Validation Of Different Media Types Using A Model Based On Consensus, Adilahmed Patel
All ETDs from UAB
Increasingly people of all ages consume news and entertainment through electronic media and social media [1]. As the internet in general and social media in particular are a recent phenomenon, the laws governing them and the technologies to monitor them are still evolving. There is a general consensus on the ubiquity and power of these media, hence the worry of how to handle these media. In this context, validating the online content becomes of paramount importance. Fighting fake content is not only relevant to news and current affairs but is very useful in other areas like technical content, legal content …
Enhancing Work Zone Mobility Through Design And Control Of Lane Closures, Troyee Saha
Enhancing Work Zone Mobility Through Design And Control Of Lane Closures, Troyee Saha
All ETDs from UAB
Work zones hinder mobility, affecting travelers and transportation agencies that are trying to ensure efficient traffic flow through work zones. A study by Wunderlich & Hardesty, 2002 reported that nearly 20% of the National Highway System roads have scheduled construction work during the peak construction season. Additionally, approximately 24% of non-recurring delays on freeways are caused by work zones. Given the time lost by travelers due to work zone induced traffic congestion, it is critically important to efficiently plan temporary traffic control (TTC) at work zones. However, earlier research conducted by Sisiopiku & Ramadan, 2017 confirms that the majority of …
Drive-By Bridge Monitoring And Damage Detection, Chengjun Tan
Drive-By Bridge Monitoring And Damage Detection, Chengjun Tan
All ETDs from UAB
Bridges are key components of the transportation network, and their safety is essential to maintain effective and safe operation of the transportation facilities. To maintain the structural integrity of the bridges, it is essential to estimate the extent and location of the structural damage through periodic monitoring. Therefore, there is considerable interest in bridge damage detection and considerable progress has been made in recent years. The traditional bridge health monitoring requires many sensors installed on the bridge to collect vibration data for damage assessment, which is expensive, time-consuming, and even dangerous in-site. Compared with traditional ways, the concept of indirect …
A Deep Learning Framework For Medical Image Segmentation, Zheng Zhang
A Deep Learning Framework For Medical Image Segmentation, Zheng Zhang
All ETDs from UAB
Deep Learning (DL) has rapidly become a methodology of choice for analyzing medical images and increasingly attracts researcher’s attention in the medical research community. The brain is one of the most important organs in the human body. Within the context of human brain disease, research and care, accurately detecting, evaluating and segmenting human brain abnormalities play an important role in brain disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. A significant challenge in developing good brain abnormalities segmentation methods is the high variation of brain abnormalities such as differences in shape, size, location, appearance, and regularity. Deep Learning approach ad-dresses this challenge …
Spun Prestressed Concrete Pole Options As An Alternative To Wood Utility Distribution Poles, Paula Alvarez Alvarez Pino
Spun Prestressed Concrete Pole Options As An Alternative To Wood Utility Distribution Poles, Paula Alvarez Alvarez Pino
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this research project is to analyze the current state-of-the-art, including use and design practices, of utility distribution poles and to evaluate the performance of spun prestressed concrete poles with different reinforcement schemes as a viable alternative to wood utility poles. There are an estimated 185 million utility distribution poles in place in the United States, and over 130 million are made out of wood. Most of the existing distribution poles are now approaching or have surpassed their useful lives since they were designed with a life expectancy of 50 years and were installed in the 1950s and …
Bmp2-Derived Molecules For Increasing Osteoinductivity Of Bone Grafts To Enhance Bone Regeneration, Andrew Scott Curry
Bmp2-Derived Molecules For Increasing Osteoinductivity Of Bone Grafts To Enhance Bone Regeneration, Andrew Scott Curry
All ETDs from UAB
The “gold standard” of bone grafting materials is autograft. Unfortunately, autogenous bone must first be harvested from the patient, leading to complications such as donor site morbidity. Because of this, many surgeons rely on non-autogenous bone grafting materials. While these grafts are more available than autogenous bone, they require extensive processing which significantly reduces their osteoinductivity. Therefore, there is substantial interest in finding ways to add osteoinductive molecules to these grafts. Previously, our lab has focused on utilizing molecules derived from bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) with an attached hydroxyapatite-binding domain (polyglutamate) to anchor them onto bone grafting materials. Previous …
Evaluation Of A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Based Therapy For Neuroendocrine Tumors, Daniel Flanigan
Evaluation Of A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Based Therapy For Neuroendocrine Tumors, Daniel Flanigan
All ETDs from UAB
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are malignancies that arise from genetic or sporadic abnormalities in the endocrine system. These cancers can be found in various organ systems but are most frequently expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas. The incidence rate of NETs has been steadily increasing in the past few decades, exhibiting a 6.4-fold increase from 1973 to 2012. Despite this observation, these cancers are still considered rare and as such there is a lack of appropriate treatments addressing them. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically bind to type 2 somatostatin receptor (SSTR2), a protein commonly overexpressed in NETs, could be …
An Ex Vivo Model Of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Net Gain, Brendon R. Herring
An Ex Vivo Model Of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Net Gain, Brendon R. Herring
All ETDs from UAB
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that originate in a diverse array of anatomical locations and have widely variable clinical presentations and responses to treatment. Patient-derived xenografts and cell lines are valuable models of tumor biology and for testing personalized therapeutics on tumors prior to their administration to patients. However, as PDX models and cell lines for neuroendocrine tumors are lacking in both number and validity, we have developed a 3D flow perfusion polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bioreactor model for the purpose of culturing patient derived NETs. The goal of this thesis is to determine the ability to use …
High Efficiency, Fast Dynamic Response Sc Dc-Dc Converter For Battery Management System, Ruikuan Lu
High Efficiency, Fast Dynamic Response Sc Dc-Dc Converter For Battery Management System, Ruikuan Lu
All ETDs from UAB
Batteries have always been considered as one of the important, reliable, light-weight, and ubiquitous energy sources in our daily lives. As battery technology has progressed, different types of battery controlling, monitoring, and supervising technologies are also being rapidly developed. Most of the modern portable electronic devices are battery-powered (lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, etc.). The charging and discharging of the batteries are normally based on DC-DC converter. Form converter structure, the switches and capacitors based converter without inductive components is widely applied. In addition, the switched-capacitor (SC) converters are typically integrated with a monolithic integrated circuit, the low-cost and …
The Role Of The Built Environment In Transforming Underserved Neighborhoods Into Smart And Connected Communities, Mary Claire Nabors
The Role Of The Built Environment In Transforming Underserved Neighborhoods Into Smart And Connected Communities, Mary Claire Nabors
All ETDs from UAB
The goal of this report is to create a model for transforming underserved neighborhoods into smart, connected, healthy, and sustainable communities by focusing on the built environment. To do this, there must be a thorough neighborhood analysis of the existing conditions with recommendations for what needs to be done, both short term and long term. The built environment impacts many aspects of a neighborhood and the quality of life for residents. Sidewalks, streets, lighting, landscaping, and accessibility are all components of the built environment and research has continuously shown how the deterioration of the built environment affects the health and …