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Articles 1 - 30 of 243
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Dynamic Properties Of Railway Track And Its Components : A State-Of-The-Art Review, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Dynamic Properties Of Railway Track And Its Components : A State-Of-The-Art Review, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Recent findings indicate one of major causes of damages, which is attributed to the resonant behaviours, in a railway track and its components. Basically, when a railway track is excited to generalised dynamic loading, the railway track deforms and then vibrates for certain duration. Dynamic responses of the railway track and its components are the key to evaluate the structural capacity of railway track and its components. If a dynamic loading resonates the railway track’s dynamic responses, its components tend to have the significant damage from excessive dynamic stresses. For example, a rail vibration could lead to defects in rails …
Dynamic Design Guidelines For Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Alexander Remennikov, Martin H. Murray, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Dynamic Design Guidelines For Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Alexander Remennikov, Martin H. Murray, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Current design philosophy, outlined in AS 1085.14, is based on the analysis of permissible stresses resulting from quasi-static wheel loads and essentially the static response of concrete sleepers. In general, cracking can incur when the bottom fibre stress is larger than tensile strength of concrete. Premature cracking of prestressed concrete sleepers has been detected in railway tracks. The major cause of cracking is the infrequent but high-magnitude wheel loads produced by a small percentage of “out-of-round” wheels or railhead surface defects, which are crudely accounted for in AS 1085.14 by a single load factor. Based on the current design method, …
Dynamic Responses Of Marine Risers/Pipes Transporting Fluid Subject To Top End Excitations, J. Leklong, S. Chucheepsakul, S. Kaewunruen
Dynamic Responses Of Marine Risers/Pipes Transporting Fluid Subject To Top End Excitations, J. Leklong, S. Chucheepsakul, S. Kaewunruen
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper deals with the dynamic responses to top end excitation of marine risers/pipes conveying internal fluid. The marine riser is often used as a flexible link between undersea bore head and subsurface offshore platform. The tidal waves and the changes of sea level consistently excite its top end connected to a floating vessel. In order to carry out the performance-based design of the marine risers, the evaluation of their dynamic responses to top end excitations is imperative. In this study, the marine riser is simulated using twodimensional beam elements. Energy functional of the marine risers conveying fluids is derived …
Influence Of Joint Stiffness On The Free Vibrations Of A Marine Riser Conveying Fluid, S. Kaewunruen, T. Mccarthy, J. Leklong, S. Chucheepsakul
Influence Of Joint Stiffness On The Free Vibrations Of A Marine Riser Conveying Fluid, S. Kaewunruen, T. Mccarthy, J. Leklong, S. Chucheepsakul
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The marine risers are generally used as the main transport means for economic materials and resources discovered undersea. In general, the marine risers are secured at either an offshore platform or a vessel. Both ends of the riser are to be adjusted to obey with the design criteria but in many cases their rotational stiffness is hardly set free for the hinge connection. This paper integrates the analytical investigation and the design consideration for the effects of end supports on the free vibrations of a marine riser conveying fluid. It is well known that resonances of marine risers/pipes can cause …
Strategic Approaches For Management Of Risk In Geomechanics, R. Chowdhury, P. Flentje
Strategic Approaches For Management Of Risk In Geomechanics, R. Chowdhury, P. Flentje
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper outlines the challenges facing geomechanics and advocates some strategies for dealing with these challenges. Advancement of geomechanics and its application in the past may be seen in a historical context as serving the needs of society such as the development of infrastructure and natural resources. The needs of society are changing rapidly due to population growth, increasing urbanisation and globalisation. Climate change poses specially challenges, the impacts increasing with time. Therefore, development of new strategies is essential. For example, greater attention should be given to the development of interdisciplinary approaches. It is vitally important that systematic methods be …
Impact Damage Classification Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Impact Damage Classification Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Commonly, railway tracks suffer with the extreme loading conditions, which are attributed to the train operations with either wheel or rail abnormalities such as flat wheels, dipped rails, etc. These loads are of very high magnitude but short duration, as well as they are of low-possibility occurrence during the design life of the prestressed concrete sleepers. In spite of the most common use of the prestressed concrete sleepers in railway tracks, their impact responses and behaviours are not deeply appreciated nor taken into the design consideration. Up until recently, a new limit states design approach, whereas the dynamic effects are …
An Experimental Evaluation Of The Attenuation Effect Of Rail Pad On Flexural Behaviour Of Railway Concrete Sleeper Under Severe Impact Loads, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
An Experimental Evaluation Of The Attenuation Effect Of Rail Pad On Flexural Behaviour Of Railway Concrete Sleeper Under Severe Impact Loads, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Interactions between the wheel of rolling stocks and the rail often generate interfacial impact forces to railway tracks. The dynamic impact loads are of very high magnitude but short duration, and are caused by either wheel or rail abnormalities such as flat wheels, dipped rails, etc. Although the possibility of the large impact loading to cause an extreme failure to an insitu concrete sleeper could be very low about once or twice in the design life cycle, the damage of track components especially for the concrete sleepers is often observed. The railway sleeper is a major component of railway tracks. …
Reliability Assessment Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Reliability Assessment Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper carries out the assessment of reliability indices of railway prestressed concrete sleepers designed in accordance with Australian Standard: AS1085.19. The current design approach of the prestressed concrete sleeper relies on the permissible stresses over crosssectional area. Loading condition acting on railway sleepers is considered from axle burden and dynamic amplification factor. On the basis of Australian design of railway prestressed concrete sleepers, only service limit states are considered; however, the design challenge is to provide adequate resistance of certain cross sections to both positive and negative bending moments. In this paper, the service limit states functions are formulated …
Analytical And Numerical Modeling Of Consolidation By Vertical Drain Beneath A Circular Embankment, Buddhima Indraratna, Ala N. Aljorany, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Analytical And Numerical Modeling Of Consolidation By Vertical Drain Beneath A Circular Embankment, Buddhima Indraratna, Ala N. Aljorany, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
In the analysis of axisymmetric problems, it is often imperative that aspects of geometry, material properties and loading characteristics are either maintained as constants or represented by continuous functions in the circumferential direction. In the case of radial consolidation beneath a circular embankment by vertical drains (i.e. circular oil tanks or silos), the discrete system of vertical drains can be substituted by continuous concentric rings of equivalent drain walls. An equivalent value for the coefficient of permeability of the soil is obtained by matching the degree of consolidation of a unit cell model. A rigorous solution to the continuity equation …
Location Constraints In Digital Rights Management, Adam Muhlbauer, Reihaneh Safavi-Naini, Farzad Salim, Nicholas Paul Sheppard, Martin Jan Surminen
Location Constraints In Digital Rights Management, Adam Muhlbauer, Reihaneh Safavi-Naini, Farzad Salim, Nicholas Paul Sheppard, Martin Jan Surminen
Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)
Digital rights management allows information owners to control the use and dissemination of electronic documents via a machine-readable licence. This paper describes the design and implementation of a system for creating and enforcing licences containing location constraints that can be used to restrict access to sensitive documents to a defined area. Documents can be loaded onto a portable device and used in the approved areas, but cannot be used if the device moves to another area. Our contribution includes a taxonomy for access control in the presence of requests to perform non-instantaneous controlled actions.
Probabilistic Impact Fractures Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Probabilistic Impact Fractures Of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Cracks in railway prestressed concrete sleepers are often caused by the infrequent but high magnitude impact forces. These impact forces are attributed to the wheel or rail abnormalities, e.g. wheel flat, corrugation, dipped joint, etc. The emphasis of this paper is placed on the corresponding fractures of railway prestressed concrete sleepers in track systems under the probabilistic impact loadings. The statistical data of impact loadings in Central Queensland have been obtained through the collaborative project under the research framework of the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Railway Engineering and Technologies. It is found that for the heavy haul railway network, …
Dynamic Effect On Vibration Signatures Of Cracks In Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Dynamic Effect On Vibration Signatures Of Cracks In Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
In general, cracks in structural members indicate a level of serviceability of the engineering structures. Usually a hairline crack can be detected by visual inspection, crack gauge, fibre optical sensor, or laser sensor. Recently, an attempt to develop a non-destructive tool for health monitoring of prestressed concrete sleepers in railway tracks using the vibration responses has been established at the University of Wollongong, Australia. However, the fundamental understanding of the dynamic effect due to the cracks in sleepers is insufficient. This paper investigates the dynamic effect of the cracks on the vibration signatures of the railway prestressed concrete sleepers. The …
2d And 3d Numerical Modeling Of Combined Surcharge And Vacuum Preloading With Vertical Drains, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Buddhima Indraratna, J. Chu
2d And 3d Numerical Modeling Of Combined Surcharge And Vacuum Preloading With Vertical Drains, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Buddhima Indraratna, J. Chu
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) numerical analysis of a case study of a combined vacuum and surcharge preloading project for a storage yard at Tianjin Port, China. At this site, a vacuum pressure of 80 kPa and a fill surcharge of 50 kPa was applied on top of the 20m thick soft soil layer through prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) to achieve the desired settlements and to avoid embankment instability. In 3D analysis, the actual shape of PVDs and their installation pattern with the in-situ soil parameters were simulated. In contrast, the validity of 2D-plane strain analysis …
Vacuum Preloading Techniques - Recent Developments And Applications, J. Chu, S. Yan, Buddhima Indraratna
Vacuum Preloading Techniques - Recent Developments And Applications, J. Chu, S. Yan, Buddhima Indraratna
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
In this paper, an overview on the mechanisms, techniques and applications of the vacuum preloading method are presented. Some recent developments in the vacuum preloading techniques, including the use of new materials, the expansion of the method, and new analysis or numerical modeling methods are briefly summarized.
Effects Of Partially Penetrating Prefabricated Vertical Drains And Loading Patterns On Vacuum Consolidation, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Effects Of Partially Penetrating Prefabricated Vertical Drains And Loading Patterns On Vacuum Consolidation, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
In this study, numerical modeling of a multi-drain system is employed to determine the optimum penetration depth of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and the vacuum pressure that provides the maximum consolidation settlement and less lateral displacements. The plane strain analysis using an equivalent permeability with transformed unit cell geometry was considered for varying drain length and vacuum load. The effects of the vertical drain length and vacuum pressure on soft clay consolidation were examined through time for 90% degree of consolidation, associated settlement and lateral displacement.
Investigating Erosional Behaviour Of Chemically Stabilised Erodible Soils, Buddhima Indraratna, Thevaragavan Muttuvel, Hadi Khabbaz
Investigating Erosional Behaviour Of Chemically Stabilised Erodible Soils, Buddhima Indraratna, Thevaragavan Muttuvel, Hadi Khabbaz
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Chemical stabilisation is a popular technique to improve the erosion resistance of the soils. In this study, two chemical stabilisers, namely lignosulfonate and general purpose Portland cement were tested on two different soils, a silty sand and a dispersive clay. A series of erosion tests were performed to study the effectiveness of the stabilisation in increasing the erosion resistance. Results showed that the increase in the critical shear stress of the silty sand with only 0.6% lignosulfonate treatment was equivalent to that with around 2.5% cement treatment. However, the stabilisation of the dispersive clay with 0.6% cement was more effective …
Recent Advancements In The Use Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Soft Soils., Buddhima Indraratna
Recent Advancements In The Use Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Soft Soils., Buddhima Indraratna
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A system of prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge load to accelerate consolidation by shortening the drainage path is one of the most popular methods of soft ground improvement. An analytical solution is proposed based on radial (lateral) soil permeability while considering variations in vacuum pressure. The predicted smear zone and effects of drain unsaturation are compared with laboratory data obtained from large-scale radial consolidation tests. When a higher load is required to meet the desired rate of settlement and the cost of raising a surcharge embankment is also significant, the application of vacuum pressure with a reduced surcharge load can …
Laboratory Modeling Of Consolidation Behavior Of Soft Clays Using Vacuum-Surcharge Consolidation Method, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Buddhima Indraratna, M. Sakr
Laboratory Modeling Of Consolidation Behavior Of Soft Clays Using Vacuum-Surcharge Consolidation Method, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Buddhima Indraratna, M. Sakr
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
In this study, the large-scale apparatus used to examine vacuum preloading in conjunction with conventional surcharge loading. Several tests were performed to examine the effect of a vacuum and determine parameters such as the extent of smear zone and the soil permeability characteristics. The settlement and excess pore pressure associated with a combined vacuum and surcharge load indicates that applying a vacuum has specific benefits. The analytical modeling of one-dimensional consolidation by vertical drains with vacuum preloading considering both variation of soil compressibility and permeability is used to predict the soil consolidation behavior. It is shown that the analytical model …
Conversion Of As1085.14 For Prestressed Concrete Sleepers To Limit States Design Format, Alexander Remennikov, Martin H. Murray, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Conversion Of As1085.14 For Prestressed Concrete Sleepers To Limit States Design Format, Alexander Remennikov, Martin H. Murray, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Premature cracking of prestressed concrete sleepers has been found in railway tracks. The major cause of cracking is the infrequent but high-magnitude wheel loads produced by a small percentage of “bad” wheels or rail head surface defects which are crudely accounted for in AS 1085.14 by a single load factor. The current design philosophy, outlined in AS 1085.14, is based on assessment of permissible stresses resulting from quasi-static wheel loads and essentially the static response of concrete sleepers. In order to shift the conventional methodology to a more rational design method that involves more realistic dynamic response of concrete sleepers …
Shear Strength Model For Overconsolidated Clay-Infilled Idealised Rock Joints, Buddhima Indraratna, M. Jayanathan, T. Brown
Shear Strength Model For Overconsolidated Clay-Infilled Idealised Rock Joints, Buddhima Indraratna, M. Jayanathan, T. Brown
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Saturated infilled joints can contribute to the instability of rock masses during undrained shearing. This paper reports an experimental investigation into the effect of the overconsolidation of infilled rough joints on undrained shear behaviour. A revised model is presented for predicting the shear strength of rough infilled joints on the basis of experimental tests carried out on idealised sawtoothed joints with natural silty clay as the infill material. Tests were conducted under consolidated undrained conditions in a high-pressure triaxial apparatus on joints having a dip angle of 608. Pore pressure development in the infill materials was monitored. The results show …
Computation Of Point Of Application Of Seismic Passive Resistance By Pseudo-Dynamic Method, S. S. Nimbalkar, D. Choudhury
Computation Of Point Of Application Of Seismic Passive Resistance By Pseudo-Dynamic Method, S. S. Nimbalkar, D. Choudhury
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Computation of seismic passive resistance and its point of application is an important aspect of seismic design of retaining wall. Several researchers in the past had obtained seismic passive earth pressures by using the conventional pseudo-static method. In this pseudo-static method, peak ground acceleration is assumed as constant and seismic passive pressure thus obtained shows the linear variation along the height of the retaining wall. There is hardly any scope to find out the point of application of seismic passive resistance by pseudo-static approach but to assume it to act at one-third height from the base of the wall. Rectifying …
Terahertz Emission From Mercury Cadmium Telluride, M. L. Smith, Rajind Mendis, R. E. M. Vickers, R. A. Lewis
Terahertz Emission From Mercury Cadmium Telluride, M. L. Smith, Rajind Mendis, R. E. M. Vickers, R. A. Lewis
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
THz-frequency electromagnetic radiation may be generated by illuminating a suitable target with short pulses of near-infrared radiation. We present results of experiments employing pulses of < 12 fs irradiating a HgCdTe thin film. The resulting THz emission was detected using a liquid-He–cooled bolometer. Strong azimuthal angle dependence on the generated THz power is observed. The THz power varies quadratically with the pump power.
Electroresistance Of Perovskite Manganites, D. C. Pond, R. A. Lewis
Electroresistance Of Perovskite Manganites, D. C. Pond, R. A. Lewis
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A comprehensive delineation of current-voltage-temperature space is given for La0.66Sr0.33MnO3 and La0.8Li0.2MnO3. The first shows little electroresistance; the second exhibits marked electroresistance over a wide temperature range.
Behaviour Of Fibre Rc Columns Wrapped With Frp Under Eccentric Loads, Muhammad N. S Hadi
Behaviour Of Fibre Rc Columns Wrapped With Frp Under Eccentric Loads, Muhammad N. S Hadi
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents results of testing 16 specimens, 12 of which as columns under different eccentricities and four as beams under four point loading regime. All 16 specimens were circular in cross section and were made of reinforced concrete. Four specimens served as reference specimens and were just made of reinforced concrete. The next four had steel fibers added to the concrete. The next four specimens were wrapped with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. The final four specimens were reinforced with steel fibbers and wrapped with CFRP. From each group of specimens, one specimen was tested as a column under a …
An Investigation Of The Behaviour Of Steel And Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Muhammad N. S Hadi
An Investigation Of The Behaviour Of Steel And Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Muhammad N. S Hadi
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The aim of this paper is to compare the properties of concrete slabs when two types of fibres are added. Steel fibres and polypropylene fibres in the volumetric ratio of 0.5% and 1.0% were added to four slab specimens. The fifth specimen had no fibres and acted as a control specimen. The dimensions of the slab specimens were 820×820×80 mm and were supported by four rollers at their edges. A displacement controlled point load was applied at the centre of the slabs. The ductilities of the tested slabs were calculated and compared so as their load carrying capacities. Comparison was …
Effect Of Nb And Mo Additions On The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Thermomechanically Processed And Bake Hardened Cmnsi Trip Steel, E V. Pereloma, I. B. Timokhina, M. K. Miller
Effect Of Nb And Mo Additions On The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Thermomechanically Processed And Bake Hardened Cmnsi Trip Steel, E V. Pereloma, I. B. Timokhina, M. K. Miller
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Bake hardening of steels during paint baking of an automotive body could result in an increase of their strength. In this work, the effect of pre-straining and bake-hardening on the microstructure and mechanical properties has been investigated in thermomechanically processed CMnSi Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels with and without additions of Nb and Mo. The steels were characterised before and after bake hardening at 180oC for 30 min. by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atom probe tomography (APT), and tensile tests. The microstructure of the thermomechanically processed (TMP) TRIP steels consisted of polygonal ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite. …
Transport And Magnetic Critical Current In Superconducting Mgb2 Wires, J. Horvat, W. K. Yeoh, J. H. Kim, S. X. Dou
Transport And Magnetic Critical Current In Superconducting Mgb2 Wires, J. Horvat, W. K. Yeoh, J. H. Kim, S. X. Dou
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Direct comparison of the magnetic and transport critical current density (Jc) for the same pieces of copper-sheathed MgB2 wires shows a large discrepancy in magnitude and field dependence of the two. The value of magnetic Jc can differ from the value of transport Jc by a factor of 10 or more. This discrepancy does not occur merely because of the difference in the voltage at which the magnetic and transport Jc are measured, but mainly because of the specific microstructure of MgB2. Such microstructure results in superconducting screening on at least two different length-scales, despite the absence of weak links …
Formation Of A Mineral Layer During Coke Dissolution Into Liquid Iron And Its Influence On The Kinetics Of Coke Dissolution Rate, M. Chapman, B. J. Monaghan, S A. Nightingale, J. Mathieson, Robert J. Nightingale
Formation Of A Mineral Layer During Coke Dissolution Into Liquid Iron And Its Influence On The Kinetics Of Coke Dissolution Rate, M. Chapman, B. J. Monaghan, S A. Nightingale, J. Mathieson, Robert J. Nightingale
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The formation and development of the mineral layer that forms between coke and liquid iron during carbon dissolution has been characterised. Coke particles (-2mm, +0.5mm) were added to the top surface of an iron 2 mass% C melt at representative ironmaking temperatures, for periods of time between 2 minutes and 120 minutes, before being quenched. The quenched samples were then sectioned and the solidified coke-melt interfacial region analysed in the SEM. Analysis showed that a mineral layer was present at the interface at all experimental temperatures (1450-1550oC) from 2 minutes and persisted beyond 120 minutes. The mineral layer was found …
Mixture Model Segmentation For Gait Recognition, Matthew Field, David A. Stirling, Fazel Naghdy, Zengxi Pan
Mixture Model Segmentation For Gait Recognition, Matthew Field, David A. Stirling, Fazel Naghdy, Zengxi Pan
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Modeling of human motion through a discrete sequence of motion primitives, retaining elements of skillful or unique motion of an individual is addressed. Using wireless inertial motion sensors, a skeletal model of the fluid human gait was gathered. The posture of the human model is described by sets of Euler angles for each sample. An intrinsic classification algorithm known as minimum message length encoding (MML) is deployed to segment the stream of data and subsequently formulate certain Gaussian mixture models (GMM) that contain a plausible range of motion primitives. The removal of certain less seemingly important modes has been shown …
Magneto-Radiotherapy: Making The Electrons Conform, Heidi Nettelbeck, Michael L. Lerch, George J. Takacs, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld
Magneto-Radiotherapy: Making The Electrons Conform, Heidi Nettelbeck, Michael L. Lerch, George J. Takacs, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Magneto-radiotherapy is the application of magnetic fields during radiotherapy procedures. It aims to improve the quality of cancer treatment by using magnetic fields to alter the dose-deposition of secondary electrons in tissue. This work compares the performance of PENELOPE and EGS4 MC codes for magnetic fields applied to conventional photon beams. It also investigates the effect of a magnetic field on the electron spectrum and explores the novel idea of applying magnetic fields to MRT (Microbeam Radiation Therapy) for the treatment infantile brain tumours.