Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (134)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (100)
- Mechanical Engineering (84)
- Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering (61)
- Power and Energy (50)
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (46)
- Civil Engineering (44)
- Life Sciences (31)
- Materials Science and Engineering (31)
- Computer Engineering (27)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (22)
- Environmental Engineering (21)
- Environmental Sciences (20)
- Geography (19)
- Transportation Engineering (19)
- Water Resource Management (19)
- Remote Sensing (18)
- Agriculture (15)
- Computer Sciences (15)
- Structural Engineering (14)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (11)
- Systems and Communications (10)
- Chemical Engineering (8)
- Hydraulic Engineering (8)
- Aerospace Engineering (7)
- Plant Sciences (7)
- Biomedical (6)
- Energy Systems (6)
- Food Science (6)
- Keyword
-
- PICS (6)
- Adsorption (5)
- CFD (5)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (5)
- Computational fluid dynamics (4)
-
- Microgrids (4)
- Optimization (4)
- Perovskite (4)
- Subsurface drainage (4)
- ANSYS (3)
- Adaptive dynamic programming (3)
- Additive Manufacturing (3)
- Asphalt (3)
- Biomass (3)
- Classification (3)
- Cross-calibration (3)
- Demand response (3)
- Extrusion (3)
- Finite element analysis (3)
- Hydrology (3)
- Landsat 8 (3)
- Lithium metal battery (3)
- Machine Learning (3)
- Natural Convection (3)
- Photobioreactor (3)
- Radiometric Calibration (3)
- Renewable energy (3)
- SEM (3)
- Security (3)
- South Dakota (3)
Articles 1 - 30 of 370
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Advancing Biological Applications Through Microfluidic-Based Tool Development, K.M. Taufiqur Rahman
Advancing Biological Applications Through Microfluidic-Based Tool Development, K.M. Taufiqur Rahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research undertook an interdisciplinary approach, integrating bioengineering, microbiology, molecular biology, and systems biology to investigate bacterial dynamics behavior. Specifically, it delved into the development of microfluidic devices for biological applications such as bacterial cell counts, real-time observation of plant roots (here, specialized lectin-coated microbeads are used that mimic root characteristics), and soil microbe interactions. Furthermore, Next-Generation Sequencing and systems biology methodologies were employed to explore the intricate, multifaceted survival mechanisms of Escherichia coli persister population. Studying and quantifying persisters or testing for the existence of VBNC (viable but nonculturable) is challenging. These experiments require precise counts. It has been …
Feasibility Study Of Managing Peak Cooling Loads To Achieve Energy Cost Reduction In A Northern Climate Campus, Mark Rizkalla
Feasibility Study Of Managing Peak Cooling Loads To Achieve Energy Cost Reduction In A Northern Climate Campus, Mark Rizkalla
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
South Dakota State University Facilities and Services Office is facing the challenge of paying high electricity bills every year, the potential of campus growth will add more burden on the energy needed to cover this demand, especially in summer months when high cooling loads are added to the electrical loads which lead to the peak loads that costs SDSU a large amount of money. The purpose of this research is to study the feasibility of managing the peak loads to reduce energy costs by applying a suitable system that fits SDSU campus nature. The methodology used is studying the capability …
Assessing The Performance And Cost Effectiveness Of Rainwater Harvesting For High Tunnel Production Across Climates In The Continental United States, Mustafa Aydogdu
Assessing The Performance And Cost Effectiveness Of Rainwater Harvesting For High Tunnel Production Across Climates In The Continental United States, Mustafa Aydogdu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Several factors such as global climate change, population growth, urban and agricultural expansion, rising water demand, unequal water distribution, hydro-political conditions, declining water quality, rainwater scarcity, and temperature-induced drought contribute to water resource degradation. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) emerges as a sustainable solution, involving the collection and storage of rainwater for agriculture, livestock, and domestic use. RWH reduces reliance on municipal water, mitigates climate change impacts, and decreases runoff. Conventional RWH systems in the US vary in effectiveness. Increasing storage and water use enhances RWH effectiveness, improving stormwater runoff and reducing potable water use. High tunnel production of vegetable crops has …
Climate Change Adaptation For Embankment Through Biogeotechnics, Debayan Ghosh
Climate Change Adaptation For Embankment Through Biogeotechnics, Debayan Ghosh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Problematic soil like expansive soil, and frost-susceptible soil causes significant damage to civil infrastructure. The use of calcium-based stabilizers in the treatment of sulfate-rich expansive soils is not suggested due to the formation of ettringite. Infrastructure such as pavements and embankments built on expansive soil are often exposed to the damaging impacts of freeze-thaw cycles in areas prone to seasonal freezing making them vulnerable to cracking and spalling. In this study, a native expansive soil from South Dakota with a sulfate content of more than 10,000 ppm was stabilized using biopolymer and cement. The experimental study investigated the strength and …
Computational Characterization Of Extracellular Electro-Osmotic Flow During Tissue Repair, Ashley Jorgensen-Blocker
Computational Characterization Of Extracellular Electro-Osmotic Flow During Tissue Repair, Ashley Jorgensen-Blocker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy promotes the healing of chronic epidermal wounds and suppresses the degeneration of articular cartilage. Despite the success of ES therapy, the underlying mechanisms by which ES promotes tissue repair are largely unknown, preventing the standardization and optimization of treatments. One proposed mechanism involves electro-osmotic flow (EOF), electrically driven water flow generated within close proximity to the cell surface. EOF induces the transport of macromolecules and removes metabolic wastes and inflammatory molecules from these dense tissues through interstitial flow. This dissertation investigates the application of weak electric fields (EFs) to non-excitable cells and the generation of EOF …
Field Scale Evaluation Of A Flow-Through Filtration System With Mixed Media To Remove E. Coli From Stormwater, Ankur Debnath
Field Scale Evaluation Of A Flow-Through Filtration System With Mixed Media To Remove E. Coli From Stormwater, Ankur Debnath
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main goal of this research was to establish a field-scale stormwater filtration system which is flow-through and cost-effective in terms of construction and maintenance. The filter is constructed in a downstream drainage of a retention pond where the stormwater goes through the porous space of media so that it maintains low retention time with minimum disturbance in flow. The filter consists of two 20ft long sections with concrete channel and ripraps on the inlet & outlet side. 30% Steel chips and 70% steel slags in the size range of 6.00-12.5 mm have been used as media which has been …
Development Of Innovative Flocculation Technologies For Agricultural Water Treatment, Noor Haleem
Development Of Innovative Flocculation Technologies For Agricultural Water Treatment, Noor Haleem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of innovative flocculation technologies is essential for addressing the challenges of agricultural water treatment. These technologies play a crucial role in removing contaminants such as suspended solids and nutrients, thereby ensuring safer water for irrigation and livestock consumption. By enhancing water quality and wastewater management, they contribute significantly to environmental sustainability and public health in agricultural communities. This comprehensive thesis extensively explores various dimensions of flocculation, with a focused effort on methodologies and resources aimed at strengthening sustainability and efficiency. A pivotal aspect of the research involves synthesizing cationic starch (CS), a flocculant derived from an underutilized resource, …
Developing Machine Learning Models For Selection Of Management Zones, Sravanthi Bachina
Developing Machine Learning Models For Selection Of Management Zones, Sravanthi Bachina
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil sampling and analyses play a crucial role in optimizing nutrient management and enhancing crop productivity. However, collecting representative samples across diverse landscapes is challenging due to knowledge gaps about spatial variability of soil properties, large fields, multiple samples, and analysis costs. Collecting soil samples based on the management zones can help farmers gather precise information about soil properties with fewer samples. Recent developments in precision agriculture and machine learning. This study aimed to develop machine learning models that can learn, analyze, and refine landscape and soil properties data for automated selection of soil sampling zones and generating prediction maps. …
Removal Of Phosphorous, Copper And Zinc From Stormwater Using Powdered Activated Carbon (Pac) Based Water Treatment Residuals, Foysol Mahmud
Removal Of Phosphorous, Copper And Zinc From Stormwater Using Powdered Activated Carbon (Pac) Based Water Treatment Residuals, Foysol Mahmud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) based water treatment residual (WTR) in eliminating phosphorus (P), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) from stormwater. The characteristics of the PAC WTR were analyzed, and a series of batch and column tests were conducted to determine its capacity to remove P, Cu, and Zn from stormwater and synthetic solutions. The PAC WTR conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, demonstrating P adsorption capacities of 3.51 mg/g at pH 5. Regarding Cu and Zn removal, the PAC WTR also adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model, showing …
Structural Construction And Surface Modification Of Copper Current Collectors For Lithium Metal Batteries, Yaohua Liang
Structural Construction And Surface Modification Of Copper Current Collectors For Lithium Metal Batteries, Yaohua Liang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Graphene, a prevalent anode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries, has reached its theoretical capacity limit. The imperative is to develop high-capacity anode materials to meet the growing demand for energy density. Lithium metal, renowned for its exceptionally high theoretical specific capacity density (3680 mAh g-1) and low reduction potential (-3.04 V, relative to the standard hydrogen electrode), is commonly dubbed the "Holy Grail" for negative electrode materials in high-energy-density batteries. However, practical advancements in lithium metal anodes face obstacles like low Coulombic efficiency, limited cycle life, and heightened reactivity to the electrolyte and internal short circuits resulting from lithium dendrite …
Evaluation Of Aashto Seismic Design For Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns, Andrew Leroy Grismer
Evaluation Of Aashto Seismic Design For Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns, Andrew Leroy Grismer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bridge failure can be catastrophic resulting in casualties and limiting the accessibility and emergency response efforts. Ensuring a high level of ductility for bridge columns through sufficient design methods and detailing is the most important aspect of the modern seismic codes. Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns are widely used in multi-span bridges located in seismic regions of the nation due to their controlled ductility and durability. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the AASHTO seismic design requirements for RC bridge columns and to comment on whether current bridge code is sufficient and safe. An extensive literature review …
Optimizing Large Language Models And Multimodal Approaches For Biomedical Publication And Satellite Imagery, Youngsun Jang
Optimizing Large Language Models And Multimodal Approaches For Biomedical Publication And Satellite Imagery, Youngsun Jang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation comprises two main sections: the first focuses on natural language processing (NLP) for extracting key information from scientific literature using large language models (LLMs), and the second addresses remote sensing for detecting natural disasters, such as floods, from satellite imagery using a multimodal approach. The first section investigates methods to enhance Transformer-based models in classifying and extracting information from biomedical scientific publications. Key contributions include the development of a custom dataset for classification and Question and Answering (Q&A) tasks, fine-tuning Transformer models like the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and addressing multi-span answer issues with the TAg-based …
Assessing The Economic Feasibility Of Capturing And Utilizing Carbon Dioxide From Ethanol Production In South Dakota, Makiah Stukel
Assessing The Economic Feasibility Of Capturing And Utilizing Carbon Dioxide From Ethanol Production In South Dakota, Makiah Stukel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the Industrial Revolution, anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have spiked dramatically, prompting discussions on climate change. Mitigating climate change requires significant reductions in global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as CO2 is the most abundant anthropogenic GHG. A process that assists in offsetting the exponential growth in CO2 emissions is carbon capture and storage (CCS). Integrating carbon capture technology into the ethanol industry can provide an economically feasible way to achieve net reductions in CO2 emissions. The proposed work investigates the economic viability of applying CCS technologies to the 16 ethanol facilities in South Dakota (SD) and quantifies the potential …
Evaluation Of Low-Cost Radiometer For Surface Reflectance Re-Trieval And Orbital Sensor’S Validation, Dinithi Siriwardana Pathiranage
Evaluation Of Low-Cost Radiometer For Surface Reflectance Re-Trieval And Orbital Sensor’S Validation, Dinithi Siriwardana Pathiranage
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This paper evaluates the Arable Mark 2 sensor, an automated and low-cost radiometer, for its potential to retrieve surface reflectance data and validate orbital sensors such as the Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) Level 2 product. While orbital sensors are widely used for monitoring solar radiation changes, managing natural resources, and understanding climatic trends, atmospheric effects can make it challenging to obtain accurate measurements. Equipped with multiple sensors, including long-wave and short-wave radiometers, the Arable Mark 2 sensor can measure upwelling and downwelling irradiance to calculate surface reflectance. To assess the accuracy and consistency of the Arable Mark 2 …
Modeling Of Transport In Anatomic Respiratory Airways: Applications In Targeted Drug Delivery And Airborne Pathogenic Transmissions, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Akash
Modeling Of Transport In Anatomic Respiratory Airways: Applications In Targeted Drug Delivery And Airborne Pathogenic Transmissions, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Akash
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis aims to explore the potential of improving the efficacy of drugs for treatment of viral infections by targeting the nasopharynx, which is commonly the first site of infection for many viral pathogens. Currently, intranasal sprays are used, but the standard protocol (“Current Use” or CU) results in suboptimal drug deposition at the nasopharynx. To address this issue, an “Improved Use” or, IU protocol has been proposed, which involves pointing the spray bottle at a shallower angle and aiming slightly towards the cheeks. The IU delivery is also robust to perturbations in spray direction, which highlights the practical utility …
The Development Of Dark Hyperspectral Absolute Calibration Model Using Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites At A Global Scale: Dark Epics-Global, Padam Bahadur Karki
The Development Of Dark Hyperspectral Absolute Calibration Model Using Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites At A Global Scale: Dark Epics-Global, Padam Bahadur Karki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research aimed to develop a novel dark hyperspectral absolute calibration (DAHAC) model using stable dark targets of "Global Cluster - 36" (GC-36), one of the clusters from "300 Class Global Classification." The stable dark sites were identified from GC-36 called "Dark EPICS-Global" covering the surface types viz; dark rock, volcanic area, and dark sand. The Dark EPICS-Global shows a temporal variation of 0.02 unit reflectance. This work uses the Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) , Sentinel-2A (S2A) Multispectral Instrument (MSI) , and Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion data for the DAHAC model development, where well-calibrated L8 and S2A …
Validation Of Expanded Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Technique And Its Application To Global Scale, Ramita Shah
Validation Of Expanded Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Technique And Its Application To Global Scale, Ramita Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The expanded Trend-to-Trend (T2T) cross-calibration technique has the potential to calibrate two sensors in much less time and provides trends on daily assessment basis. The trend obtained from the expanded technique aids in evaluating the differences between satellite sensors. Therefore, this technique was validated with several trusted cross-calibration techniques to evaluate its accuracy. Initially, the expanded T2T technique was validated with three independent RadcaTS RRV, DIMITRI-PICS, and APICS models, and results show a 1% average difference with other models over all bands. Further, this technique was validated with other SDSU techniques to calibrate the newly launched satellite Landsat 9 with …
Electrode And Electrolyte Design To Develop Advanced Battery Technologies For Large Scale Energy Storage, Wei He
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Large-scale energy storage devices play a key role in regulating the renewable energy to build a carbon-free sustainable future, but the widely used lithium-ion batteries cannot meet the demands because of the limited lithium resource and high cost. Thus, it is urgent to develop next-generation battery technologies with low cost and high safety. Sodium-ion battery is considered as a promising candidate due to the abundant sodium resources and low cost. Its practical application, however, is hindered by the absence of the advanced electrode materials. The tin-based anodes deliver high theoretical capacities and show great promise for the sodium-ion batteries, but …
Quantifying The Effects Of Hvac Operation To Mitigate Aerosol Concentration In A Classroom Using Cfd, Scott Deprez
Quantifying The Effects Of Hvac Operation To Mitigate Aerosol Concentration In A Classroom Using Cfd, Scott Deprez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is a complex mechanical system for the transition of air between outdoor and indoor areas. These systems are directly responsible for temperature, humidity, and air flow into any given space, thereby providing a level of comfort to those who live indoors. These systems account for 52 percent of U.S. energy consumption. When designing HVAC systems, indoor air quality (IAQ) is the main focus for achieving safe and clean air, such as in the case of airborne diseases. HVAC systems are responsible for the flow of air in indoor spaces and thereby expand the transmissible …
Development Of Corn Kernel-Based Biocomposite Films For Food Packaging Applications, Swastika Bera
Development Of Corn Kernel-Based Biocomposite Films For Food Packaging Applications, Swastika Bera
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Most of the current and active food packaging resources and methods are nonbiodegradable and nonrenewable therefore harmful to the environment. Due to this, alternate sources of food packaging materials are in high demand. In this study, a bio-composite film has been developed, with Corn kernel powder as fiber reinforcement which is mixed with gelatin, and lignin two biopolymers as the matrix. The effect of Corn Kernel (CK) reinforcement on the Gelatin/Lignin (G/L) matrix on mechanical and barrier properties has been studied. CK has shown great potential as reinforcement to natural polymer, gelatin, and lignin (G/L) for food packaging applications as …
Initial Procedure For Small-Scale Extraction Of Subsurface Martian Ice, Evan Steers
Initial Procedure For Small-Scale Extraction Of Subsurface Martian Ice, Evan Steers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For decades, NASA has been surveying the surface of Mars with plans for human exploration. Due to recent advancements, there is strong evidence to believe that frozen aquifers beneath the Martian surface hold great amounts of usable H2O. Since the discovery of water on Mars, NASA has expressed key interest in harvesting this valuable resource. The presence of usable H2O on Mars could reduce the launching mass of future missions by giving astronauts the capability to harvest water once they have landed on Mars. This research focuses on the optimization of a current design to extract Martian water and the …
Nio Nanoparticles-Decorated Carbon Fiber Cloth As Lithiophilic Host Material For Stable Lithium Metal Batteries, Sarwar Ahmed
Nio Nanoparticles-Decorated Carbon Fiber Cloth As Lithiophilic Host Material For Stable Lithium Metal Batteries, Sarwar Ahmed
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lithium metal is considered the Holy Grail for the anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. Lithium metal has the highest theoretical capacity and lowest anode potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). However, its commercialization is hindered by uncontrolled dendrite growth, weak solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and low coulombic efficiency. The dendrite formation leads to a short circuit between the anode and cathode, which creates a dangerous safety issue. Several host materials and artificial SEI layers have been developed to suppress these issues. However, the effectiveness of these solutions is limited. More research is needed to develop more efficient …
Multiscale Evaluation Of The Effect Of Deicing Agents And Environmental Conditions On The Performance Of Asphalt Pavements In Cold Regions, Maryam Mihandoust
Multiscale Evaluation Of The Effect Of Deicing Agents And Environmental Conditions On The Performance Of Asphalt Pavements In Cold Regions, Maryam Mihandoust
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
More than 70% of the United States' roadway network is located in regions subjected to severe winters, resulting in icy pavements that pose safety risks. Winter maintenance operations involving chloride-based deicers such as NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 are essential for ensuring the safety, mobility, and functionality of roads. However, these deicers can lead to diminished pavement durability due to moisture-induced damage. This study examined the effects of these deicers on adhesion evolution and moisture-induced damage mechanisms of asphalt binder-aggregate systems at the macro-, centi-, micro-, and nanoscales. Macro-scale performance characteristics of PG 58-34 hot mix asphalt (HMA) specimens, including rutting, …
Dynamic Modeling Of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Smart Inverters Using Power-Hardware-In-The-Loop, Bidur Poudel
Dynamic Modeling Of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Smart Inverters Using Power-Hardware-In-The-Loop, Bidur Poudel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Removal Of Disinfection Byproducts In Drinking Water Using Biological Filtration, Peng Dai
Removal Of Disinfection Byproducts In Drinking Water Using Biological Filtration, Peng Dai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Drinking water disinfection is essential to protecting public health from waterborne diseases. However, the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter (NOM) can form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Drinking water treatment facilities employ precursor control and alternative disinfectants to minimize regulated DBPs formation to comply with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Despite their efficacy, some limitations have been observed during the application, such as increased cost of enhanced coagulation, high demand for sludge disposal, inconsistency in precursor removal, and formation of more toxic unregulated and unknown DBPs. Therefore, it is important to develop more efficient and safe strategies for DBPs …
Automatic Data-Driven Partitioned Modeling Of Power System Dynamics With Smart Power Electronic Inverters, Sunil Subedi
Automatic Data-Driven Partitioned Modeling Of Power System Dynamics With Smart Power Electronic Inverters, Sunil Subedi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Electronic Waste As Synthetic Aggregate For Portland Cement Concrete, Shafaul Md Shafaul Islam
Electronic Waste As Synthetic Aggregate For Portland Cement Concrete, Shafaul Md Shafaul Islam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Response Of Bed Shear Stress In Open-Channel Flow To A Sudden Change In Bed Roughness, Muhammad Farrukh Jamil
Response Of Bed Shear Stress In Open-Channel Flow To A Sudden Change In Bed Roughness, Muhammad Farrukh Jamil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The estimation of bed shear stress plays a pivotal role in understanding the complexities of flow dynamics in both natural and engineered channels. The commonly employed log law formula offers a mechanism to compute the bed shear stress in open channel flows. However, its applicability in flow transition remains relatively unexplored. In this thesis, an in-depth investigation into the behavior of the velocity profiles and bed shear stress during the transition from Rough to Smooth (RTS) and Smooth to Rough (STR) beds is undertaken. Experiments were conducted on smooth-to-rough (STR) and rough-to-smooth (RTS) transitions in an open channel flume under …
Mechanical Properties Evaluation Of 3d Printed Petg And Pctg Polymers, Kalpesh Krishnarao Bhosale
Mechanical Properties Evaluation Of 3d Printed Petg And Pctg Polymers, Kalpesh Krishnarao Bhosale
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing (AM) which has become a popular manufacturing trend over the years. Due to its unique advantages of fast production rate, ability to create complex geometrical features, toolless manufacturing and many more attracts various industries from Aerospace to general cosmetics. Along with the advancement in material science, various polymers including Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and many more are available for 3D printing. Due to the wide range of applications in PLA, it is necessary to improve its toughness to make it more suitable by adding Poly Cyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate glycol (PCTG) …
Evaluating The Impact Of Increased Cycling On Thermal Power Plants Due To Wind Energy Penetration In The Midwest: A Case Study, Joscelyne Larson
Evaluating The Impact Of Increased Cycling On Thermal Power Plants Due To Wind Energy Penetration In The Midwest: A Case Study, Joscelyne Larson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most significant shifts in the mix of U.S. electricity generation over the past few years has been the rapid expansion of renewable energy resources, especially solar and wind. However, fossil fuels are still necessary to fulfill the world’s energy requirements. Despite efforts to increase the use of renewable energy sources, these sources can be at times unreliable, causing countries around the world to continue to rely on base load units such as coal and natural gas. This decrease in fossil fuels and increase in renewable energy sources presents many complex issues in terms of power system planning, …