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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Observability-In-Depth: An Essential Complement To The Defense-In-Depth Safety Strategy In The Nuclear Industry, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Observability-In-Depth: An Essential Complement To The Defense-In-Depth Safety Strategy In The Nuclear Industry, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Faculty Publications
Defense-in-depth is a fundamental safety principle for the design and operation of nuclear power plants. Despite its general appeal, defense-in-depth is not without its drawbacks, which include its potential for concealing the occurrence of hazardous states in a system, and more generally rendering the latter more opaque for its operators and managers, thus resulting in safety blind spots. This in turn translates into a shrinking of the time window available for operators to identify an unfolding hazardous condition or situation and intervene to abate it. To prevent this drawback from materializing, we propose in this work a novel safety principle …
Simultaneous Conversion Of All Cell Wall Components By Oleaginous Fungus Without Chemi-Physical Pretreatment, Shangxian Xie, Xin Qin, Yanbing Cheng, Dhrubojyoti Laskar, Weichuan Qiao, Su Sun, Luis Reyes, Xin Wang, Susan Dai, Scott Sattler, Katy Kao, Bin Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Joshua Yuan
Simultaneous Conversion Of All Cell Wall Components By Oleaginous Fungus Without Chemi-Physical Pretreatment, Shangxian Xie, Xin Qin, Yanbing Cheng, Dhrubojyoti Laskar, Weichuan Qiao, Su Sun, Luis Reyes, Xin Wang, Susan Dai, Scott Sattler, Katy Kao, Bin Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Joshua Yuan
Faculty Publications
Lignin utilization during biomass conversion has been a major challenge for lignocellulosic biofuel. In particular, the conversion of lignin along with carbohydrate for fungible fuels and chemicals will both improve the overall carbon efficiency and reduce the need for chemical pretreatments. However, few biomass-converting microorganisms have the capacity to degrade all cell wall components including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. We hereby evaluated a unique oleaginous fungus strain, Cunninghamella echinulata FR3, for its capacity to degrade lignin during biomass conversion to lipid, and the potential to carry out consolidated fermentation without chemical pretreatment, especially when combined with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) bmr …
Spanning The Complexity Chasm: A Research Approach To Move From Simple To Complex Engineering Systems, Vimal Viswanathan, Julie Linsey
Spanning The Complexity Chasm: A Research Approach To Move From Simple To Complex Engineering Systems, Vimal Viswanathan, Julie Linsey
Faculty Publications, Mechanical Engineering
A multistudy approach is presented that allows design thinking of complex systems to be studied by triangulating causal controlled lab findings with coded data from more complex products. A case study illustration of this approach is provided. During the conceptual design of engineering systems, designers face many cognitive challenges, including design fixation, errors in their mental models, and the sunk cost effect. These factors need to be mitigated for the generation of effective ideas. Understanding the effects of these challenges in a realistic and complex engineering system is especially difficult due to a variety of factors influencing the results. Studying …
Increasing Label-Free Stem Cell Sorting Capacity To Reach Transplantation-Scale Throughput, Melinda Simon, Ying Li, Janahan Arulmoli, Lisa Mcdonnell, Adnan Akil, Jamison Nourse, Abraham Lee, Lisa Flanagan
Increasing Label-Free Stem Cell Sorting Capacity To Reach Transplantation-Scale Throughput, Melinda Simon, Ying Li, Janahan Arulmoli, Lisa Mcdonnell, Adnan Akil, Jamison Nourse, Abraham Lee, Lisa Flanagan
Faculty Publications
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has proven an invaluable tool for the enrichment of populations of stem and progenitor cells owing to its ability to sort cells in a label-free manner and its biological safety. However, DEP separation devices have suffered from a low throughput preventing researchers from undertaking studies requiring large numbers of cells, such as needed for cell transplantation. We developed a microfluidic device designed for the enrichment of stem and progenitor cell populations that sorts cells at a rate of 150,000 cells/h, corresponding to an improvement in the throughput achieved with our previous device designs by over an order of …
The Effect Of Platelet-Rich Plasma (Prp) On Muscle Contusion Healing In A Rat Model., Demetris Delos, Matthew J. Leineweber, Salma Chaudhury, Saif Alzoobaee, Yingxin Gao, Scott Alan Rodeo
The Effect Of Platelet-Rich Plasma (Prp) On Muscle Contusion Healing In A Rat Model., Demetris Delos, Matthew J. Leineweber, Salma Chaudhury, Saif Alzoobaee, Yingxin Gao, Scott Alan Rodeo
Faculty Publications
Background: Current therapy for muscle contusions is usually limited to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or use of the RICE principle (rest, ice, compression, elevation); thus, other forms of treatment that can potentially accelerate the rate of healing are desirable. Hypotheses: A local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would lead to accelerated healing rates compared with controls; also, delayed administration of PRP would lead to a blunted response compared with immediate treatment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Forty-six male Lewis rats each underwent a single blunt, nonpenetrating impact to the gastrocnemius muscle via a drop-mass technique and subsequently received either a …
Querie: Collaborative Database Exploration, Magdalini Eirinaki, Suju Abraham, Neoklis Polyzotis, Naushin Shaikh
Querie: Collaborative Database Exploration, Magdalini Eirinaki, Suju Abraham, Neoklis Polyzotis, Naushin Shaikh
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Large Research Center Education And Outreach: Lessons From 5 Years Of Distributed Collaborative Design, Development And Implementation, Sean Brophy, Thalia Anagnos
Large Research Center Education And Outreach: Lessons From 5 Years Of Distributed Collaborative Design, Development And Implementation, Sean Brophy, Thalia Anagnos
Faculty Publications
Paper from the 121st ASEE Annual Conference, Indianapolis. The George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Summation (NEES) completes its tenth year of operation in September 2014. The NEES Center consists of a network of 14 large-scale experimental laboratories that collaborate and share resources in support of research to inform civil engineering practice and reduce losses from future earthquakes. Since the development of the center in 2003, the education, outreach and training (EOT) program has grown from a federation of local outreach activities to an integrated network of “specialists” working together to obtain significant impact towards defined education goals. …
A Study On The Factors Influencing The Usage Of Environmentally Friendly Products, Nicole Esposito, Vimal Viswanathan, Julie Linsey
A Study On The Factors Influencing The Usage Of Environmentally Friendly Products, Nicole Esposito, Vimal Viswanathan, Julie Linsey
Faculty Publications, Mechanical Engineering
Benchmarking in Design Projects: Lessons Learned from a Sophomore Design Course This paper presents some of the lessons learned from a sophomore design course offered at one of the major universities in the United States. This course is developed to provide realistic design, machining and mechatronics experiences to mechanical engineering sophomores. As apart of this course, the students are required to generate ideas for solving a real-life design problem. The objective of this study is to identify the influences of benchmarking products on the final concepts generated by student designers. Literature shows that designers, while solving open-ended design problems, tend …
Towards The Development Of The Observability-In-Depth Safety Principle In The Nuclear Industry, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Towards The Development Of The Observability-In-Depth Safety Principle In The Nuclear Industry, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Averaging Improves Strain Images Of The Biceps Brachii Using Quasi-Static Ultrasound Elastography, Matthew Leineweber, J Westborn, A Cochran, Y Gao, J Choi
Averaging Improves Strain Images Of The Biceps Brachii Using Quasi-Static Ultrasound Elastography, Matthew Leineweber, J Westborn, A Cochran, Y Gao, J Choi
Faculty Publications
OBJECTIVE:Quasi-static ultrasound elastography is a technique for measuring tissue deformation (strain) under externally applied loading and can be used to identify the presence of abnormalities. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of averaging strain images from repeated compression cycles in mitigating user-induced error using quasi-static ultrasound elastography.METHODS:Freehand compressions were performed with an ultrasound transducer on the biceps brachii of nine participants (five males and four females), as well as with a custom automated compression system. Sets of strain images from the freehand techniques were averaged to create single representative images and compared against strain images from …
System Safety Principles: A Multidisciplinary Engineering Perspective, Joseph Saleh, Karen Marais, Francesca Favaro
System Safety Principles: A Multidisciplinary Engineering Perspective, Joseph Saleh, Karen Marais, Francesca Favaro
Faculty Publications
System safety is of particular importance for many industries. Broadly speaking, it refers to the state or objective of striving to sustainably ensure accident prevention through actions on multiple safety levers (technical, organizational, and regulatory). While complementary to risk analysis, it is distinct in one important way: risk analysis is anticipatory rationality examining the possibility of adverse events (or accident scenarios), and the tools of risk analysis support and in some cases quantify various aspects of this analysis effort. The end-objective of risk analysis is to help identify and prioritize risks, inform risk management, and support risk communication. These tools …
Mos2 Functionalization For Ultra-Thin Atomic Layer Deposited Dielectrics, Angelica Azcatl, Stephen Mcdonnell, Santosh Kc, Xin Peng, Hong Dong, Xiaoye Qin, Rafik Addou, Greg Mordi, Ning Lu, Jiyoung Kim, Moon Kim, Kyeongjae Cho, Robert Wallace
Mos2 Functionalization For Ultra-Thin Atomic Layer Deposited Dielectrics, Angelica Azcatl, Stephen Mcdonnell, Santosh Kc, Xin Peng, Hong Dong, Xiaoye Qin, Rafik Addou, Greg Mordi, Ning Lu, Jiyoung Kim, Moon Kim, Kyeongjae Cho, Robert Wallace
Faculty Publications
The effect of room temperature ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O3) exposure of MoS2 on the uniformity of subsequent atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 is investigated. It is found that a UV-O3 pre-treatment removes adsorbed carbon contamination from the MoS2 surface and also functionalizes the MoS2 surface through the formation of a weak sulfur-oxygen bond without any evidence of molybdenum-sulfur bond disruption. This is supported by first principles density functional theory calculations which show that oxygen bonded to a surface sulfur atom while the sulfur is simultaneously back-bonded to three molybdenum atoms is a thermodynamically favorable configuration. The adsorbed oxygen increases the reactivity of …
On Optimal Media/Video Distribution In Closed P2p-Based Iptv Networks, Hao Cui, Xiao Su, Weijia Shang
On Optimal Media/Video Distribution In Closed P2p-Based Iptv Networks, Hao Cui, Xiao Su, Weijia Shang
Faculty Publications
Video distribution over the Internet has become a popular service because of technological advances in internet (e.g., higher network bandwidth) and video coding (e.g., H.264/SVC). In this and other similar media distribution applications, a server or distribution center sends a media/video to a group peers with different bandwidth resources and display capacities. In one of the approaches, the peer-to-peer approach, the server sends only one copy of the media over Internet, and each peer receives one segment of the media and exchanges his/her segment with other peers to receive the complete media. A key design issue in this approach is …
Statistics Based Modeling Of Wind Speed And Wind Direction In Real Time Optimal Guidance Strategies Via Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Stochastic Processes, Kamran Turkoglu
Statistics Based Modeling Of Wind Speed And Wind Direction In Real Time Optimal Guidance Strategies Via Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Stochastic Processes, Kamran Turkoglu
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Electronic Properties Of Inp (001)/Hfo2 (001) Interface: Band Offsets And Oxygen Dependence, Santosh Kc
Electronic Properties Of Inp (001)/Hfo2 (001) Interface: Band Offsets And Oxygen Dependence, Santosh Kc
Faculty Publications
Using ab-initio methods, atomic structures and electronic properties of InP (001)/HfO2 (001) interface are studied within the framework of density functional theory. We examine the InP/HfO2 model interface electronic structures under varying oxidation conditions. The effects of indium and phosphorous concentrations on interfacial bonding, defect states, band offsets, and the thermodynamic stability at the interface are also investigated. The origin of interfacial gap states in InP (001)/HfO2 (001) interface are proposed, mainly from the P-rich oxides, which is validated by our experimental work. This highlights the importance of surface passivation prior to high-κ deposition based on the in situ spectroscopic …
A Study On The Role Of Physical Models In The Mitigation Of Design Fixation, Vimal Viswanathan, Olufunmilola Atilola, Nicole Esposito, Julie Linsey
A Study On The Role Of Physical Models In The Mitigation Of Design Fixation, Vimal Viswanathan, Olufunmilola Atilola, Nicole Esposito, Julie Linsey
Faculty Publications, Mechanical Engineering
Designers implement a variety of models and representations during the design process, yet little is known about the cognitive impacts of various representations. This study focuses on how physical models can assist novices in mitigating design fixation on undesirable features. During idea generation, designers tend to fixate on examples they encounter or on their own initial ideas. The first hypothesis states that designers tend to duplicate features of provided examples. The second hypothesis states that this fixation can be mitigated with appropriate warnings. The last hypothesis is that building and testing physical models can help designers in mitigating fixation. To …
How Effective Are Current Household Recycling Policies? Results From A National Survey Of U.S. Households, Hilary Nixon, Jean-Daniel M. Saphores
How Effective Are Current Household Recycling Policies? Results From A National Survey Of U.S. Households, Hilary Nixon, Jean-Daniel M. Saphores
Faculty Publications, Urban and Regional Planning
This paper analyzes a unique dataset collected during a 2006 national survey of U.S. households to explore the effectiveness of common household recycling policies for metals, glass, and plastics: curbside recycling, drop-off recycling, deposit–refund systems (bottle bills), and marginal pricing for household waste. After estimating either generalized ordered logit or multinomial logit models, we find that the most important determinants of household recycling are people's attitudes toward recycling. Our results also suggest that omitting internal variables (perceived recycling obstacles and benefits as well as moral considerations) may bias policy coefficients. Socio-economic variables are typically not statistically significant, with the exceptions …
Analysis Of Software Contributions To Military Aviation And Drone Mishaps, Veronica Foreman, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Analysis Of Software Contributions To Military Aviation And Drone Mishaps, Veronica Foreman, Francesca Favaro, Joseph Saleh
Faculty Publications
Software is assuming an increasing role in the aerospace industry, and by the same token it is also playing an increasing role in many recent incidents and accidents of both military and commercial vehicles. To better understand this role, we examine two case studies from the accident database of the Air Force Accident Investigation Board (AIB). We previously illustrated the limitations of the notion of “software failure” and developed, in its stead, the notion of software contribution to adverse events. We show here how specific operational scenarios, generally unconsidered during the software development and testing, trigger those contributions. We provide …