Engineering Commons^™

Inorganic Biodegradable Substrates For Devices And Systems, Chang-Soo Kim, Richard K. Brow, D. E. Day

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Disclosed are biodegradable glass substrates that are useful as functional elements of solid-state devices. In particular, biodegradable glass substrates having a rapidly degradable glass and a slowly degradable glass provide a structural platform that completely dissolves following a desired operational lifetime of devices such as implanted electronic devices, implanted sensor devices, and optical fibers.

Agenda For The Fifth Meeting Of The Forum On Soil Dynamics, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Membership Of Forum For Promotion Of Soil Dynamics In India, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Minutes Of The Fifth Meeting Of The Forum For Promotion Of Soil Dynamics In India, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Drone-Enabled Remote Sensing For Transportation Infrastructure Assessment, Colin Brooks

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS or “drones”) are a rapidly developing technology that can help meet the needs of transportation agencies for reliable, repeatable data that can save money and increase safety for the data collection process. By taking advantage of flexible platforms that can deploy a variety of sensors, transportation agencies and their information suppliers can help meet these data needs for operations, asset management, and other areas. Location-specific data on infrastructure condition and distresses can help with improved management of assets.

In this presentation, recent applied research led by a Michigan Technological University team is reviewed, with a focus …

Factors Affecting The Evolution Of Inclusion Populations During Steelmaking And Casting Processes, Obinna Adaba, Laura Bartlett, Mingzhi Xu, Ronald J. O'Malley

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Investigations into the evolution of inclusion populations during ladle processing and continuous casting are reviewed. Details of the steelmaking practices employed in BOP and EAF steelmaking have been observed to have a strong influence on the size distribution, quantity, composition, phases and morphology of the final inclusion population delivered to the caster. Examples of the effects of different processing paths on the evolution of inclusion populations are presented. The importance of preexisting inclusion populations on the formation and removal of new inclusion populations is also reviewed and discussed.

Amplification Of Earthquake Ground Motions In Washington, Dc, And Implications For Hazard Assessments In Central And Eastern North America, Thomas L. Pratt, J. Wright Horton Jr., Jessica Munoz, Susan E. Hough, Martin C. Chapman, C. Guney Olgun

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The extent of damage in Washington, DC, from the 2011 M_W 5.8 Mineral, VA, earthquake was surprising for an epicenter 130 km away; U.S. Geological Survey “Did-You-Feel-It” reports suggest that Atlantic Coastal Plain and other unconsolidated sediments amplified ground motions in the city. We measure this amplification relative to bedrock sites using earthquake signals recorded on a temporary seismometer array. The spectral ratios show strong amplification in the 0.7 to 4 Hz frequency range for sites on sediments. This range overlaps with resonant frequencies of buildings in the city as inferred from their heights, suggesting amplification at frequencies to …

Synthesis Of Regioselectively Acylated Quercetin Analogues With Improved Antiplatelet Activity, Yu Duan, Na Sun, Min Xue, Xiaolan Wang, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The aim of the present study was to report on a complete synthetic approach, namely benzylation-hydrolysis-acylation-hydrogenation, to the synthesis of regioselectively acylated quercetin analogues using low-cost rutin as a starting material. Three quercetin analogues, quercetin-3-O-propionate (Q-pr), quercetin-3-O-butyrate (Q-bu) and quercetin-3-O-valerate (Q-va), containing 3-, 4- and 5-carbon aliphatic acyl chains, respectively, were synthesized and characterized with ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR and mass spectrometry. Compared with quercetin, all three analogues exhibited improved lipophilicity. The lipophilicity of the analogue increased with increasing acyl chain length. Q-va exhibited the highest lipophilicity among the three analogues, but a lower water …

A Humidity-Controlled Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (Hfims) For Rapid Measurements Of Particle Hygroscopic Growth, Tamara Pinterich, Steven R. Spielman, Yang Wang, Susanne V. Hering, Jian Wang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid particle hygroscopicity measurements. The HFIMS consists of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), a relative humidity (RH) control unit and a water-based FIMS (WFIMS) coupled in series. The WFIMS (Pinterich et al., 2017) combines the fast integrated mobility spectrometer (Kulkarni and Wang, 2006a, b) with laminar flow water condensation methodologies (Hering and Stolzenburg, 2005; Spielman et al., 2017). Inside the WFIMS, particles of different electrical mobilities are spatially separated in an electric field, condensationally enlarged and imaged to provide 1 Hz measurements of size distribution spanning a factor of ∼3 …

Shockwave Interaction With A Cylindrical Structure, Phillip R. Mulligan

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An increased understanding of the shockwave interaction with a cylindrical structure is the foundation for developing a method to explosively seal a pipe similar to the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico. Shockwave interactions with a cylindrical structure have been a reoccurring focus of energetics research. Some of the most notable contributions of non-destructive tests are described in ``The Effects of Nuclear Weapons'' (Glasstone, 1962). The work presented by Glasstone examines shockwave interaction from a 20-megaton bomb with a cylindrical structure. However, the data is limited to a peak overpressure of less than 25 psi, requiring several miles …

Effect Of Explosive Charge Geometry On Shockwave Propagation, Catherine E. Johnson, Phillip R. Mulligan, Kelly Williams, Martin Langenderfer, Jeffrey Heniff

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With advancements in the 3D printing of explosives, the understanding how the shape of an explosive charge influences the energy expansion and subsequently the focusing of energy is becoming increasingly more important. Theoretically, explosive charges could be printed to focus the energy on targets of interest or to synthesize nanomaterials. The first step to quantifying the energy expansion and shock wave convergences for a 3D printed charge is to examine simple geometries of traditional explosive charges (non-3D printed). Detonation of 15 PETN-based primasheet charges in the spherical, cubic, cylindrical, and tetrahedral configurations have been examined in this study. Qualitative data …

Crustal Thickness Beneath Libya And The Origin Of Partial Melt Beneath As Sawda Volcanic Province From Receiver Function Constraints, Awad A. Lemnifi, Abdelsalam Elshaafi, John Browning, Nassib Aouad, Saad K. El Ebaidi, Kelly K. Liu, Agust Gudmundsson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates crustal thickness and properties within the Libyan region. Results obtained from 15 seismic stations belonging to the Libyan Center for Remote Sensing and Space Science are reported, in addition to 3 seismic stations publically available, using receiver functions. The results show crustal thicknesses ranging from 24 km to 36 km (with uncertainties ranging between ±0.10 km and ±0.90 km). More specifically, crustal thickness ranges from 32 km to 36 km in the southern portion of the Libyan territory then becomes thinner, between 24 km and 30 km, in the coastal areas of Libya and thinnest, between 24 …

An Analysis Of Scattering From Snow With Relaxed Hierachical Equivalent Source Algorithm, Chan Fai Lum, Hong Tat Ewe, Fu Xin, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Hean Teik Chuah

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Traditionally, Radiative Transfer (RT) formulation has been used to simulate scattering from snow layer with the incorporation of phase matrix of scatterers in the formulation. Typically, spherical scatterers were assumed to represent the ice particles embedded inside the air medium and Mie phase matrix was applied. However, the real scatterers in the actual snow are generally more irregular than the assumed spherical shape. In this paper, a numerical solution based on the Hierarchical Equivalent Source Algorithm (HESA) has been developed to calculate the phase matrix of scatterers of other shapes to be incorporated in the existing RT formulation. Results from …

Structural Responses Of Metallic Glasses Under Neutron Irradiation, L. Yang, H. Y. Li, P. W. Wang, S. Wu, G. Guo, B. Liao, Q. L. Guo, X. Q. Fan, P. Huang, H. B. Lou, F. M. Guo, Q. Zeng, T. Sun, Y. Ren, Lianyi Chen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Investigation On Ti6al4v-V-Cr-Fe-Ss316 Multi-Layers Metallic Structure Fabricated By Laser 3d Printing, Wei Li, Frank W. Liou, Joseph William Newkirk, Karen M. Brown Taminger, William J. Seufzer

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Joining titanium alloy and stainless steel is becoming an urgent need since their outstanding mechanical properties can be utilized integratedly. However, direct fusion joining of Ti6Al4V to SS316 can cause brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics which compromise join bonds’ mechanical properties. In this research, Laser 3D Printing was applied to explore a new Ti6Al4V to SS316 multi-metallic structure. A novel filler transition route was introduced (Ti6Al4V → V → Cr → Fe → SS316) to avoid the Ti-Fe intermetallics. Two experimental cases were performed for comparison to evaluate this novel route’s effect. In the first case, SS316 layer was directly deposited on …

Nanograin Size Effects On The Strength Of Biphase Nanolayered Composites, Sixie Huang, Irene J. Beyerlein, Caizhi Zhou

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we employ atomic-scale simulations to uncover the interface-driven deformation mechanisms in biphase nanolayered composites. Two internal boundaries persist in these materials, the interlayer crystalline boundaries and intralayer biphase interfaces, and both have nanoscale dimensions. These internal surfaces are known to control the activation and motion of dislocations, and despite the fact that most of these materials bear both types of interfaces. From our calculations, we find that the first defect event, signifying yield, is controlled by the intralayer spacing (grain size, d), and not the intralayer biphase spacing (layer thickness, h). The interplay of two internal sizes …

Dynamic Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Reinforced Cement Composites, Wujian Long, Jingjie Wei, Hongyan Ma, Feng Xing

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of uniformly dispersed graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on dynamic mechanical properties of cement based composites prepared with recycled fine aggregate (RFA). Three different amounts of GO, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% in mass of cement, were used in the experiments. The visual inspections of GO nanosheets were also carried out after ultrasonication by transmission electron microscope (TEM) atomic force microscope (AFM), and Raman to characterize the dispersion effect of graphite oxide. Dynamic mechanical analyzer test showed that the maximum increased amount of loss factor and storage modulus, energy absorption was 125%, 53%, …

Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Gesbs Chalcogenide Waveguides, Ju Won Choi, Byoung Uk Sohn, George F.R. Chen, Dawn T.H. Tan, Zhaohong Han, Lionel C. Kimerling, Charmayne Smith (Lonergan), Kathleen A. Richardson, Anuradha M. Agarwal

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We characterize the nonlinear optical properties of GeSbS chalcogenide glasses with fiber-based experiments. A waveguide nonlinear parameter of 7 W-1/m and nonlinear refractive index of 3.71 x 10-18 m2/W are estimated by self-phase modulation. A GeSbS waveguide could also generate a supercontinuum from 1280 to 2120 nm at the -30 dB level for maximum coupled power of 340 W, showing a 14-fold spectral broadening of the input spectrum explained by cascaded stimulated Raman scattering.

Effective Mechanical Properties Of Multilayer Nano-Heterostructures, T Mukhopadhyay, A Mahata, S Adhikari, Mohsen Asle Zaeem

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional materials are important nanostructures because of their exciting electronic, optical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. However, a single-layer nanomaterial may not possess a particular property adequately, or multiple desired properties simultaneously. Recently a new trend has emerged to develop nano-heterostructures by assembling multiple monolayers of different nanostructures to achieve various tunable desired properties simultaneously. For example, transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS₂ show promising electronic and piezoelectric properties, but their low mechanical strength is a constraint for practical applications. This barrier can be mitigated by considering graphene-MoS₂ heterostructure, as graphene possesses strong mechanical properties. We …

Experimental Measurement Of Residual Stress And Distortion In Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Components With Various Dimensions, M. Ghasri-Khouzani, H. Peng, R. Rogge, R. Attardo, P. Ostiguy, J. Neidig, R. Billo, D. Hoelzle, M. R. Shankar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Disk-shaped 316L stainless steel parts with various diameters and heights were additively manufactured using a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) technique. Neutron diffraction was used to profile the residual stresses in the samples before and after removal of the build plate and support structures. Moreover, distortion level of the parts before and after the removal was quantified using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Large tensile in-plane stresses (up to ≈ 400 MPa) were measured near the as-built disk top surfaces, where the stress magnitude decreased from the disk center to the edges. The stress gradient was steeper for the disks …

A Multiscale Modeling Study Of Particle Size Effects On The Tissue Penetration Efficacy Of Drug-Delivery Nanoparticles, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Sutapa Barua, Dipak Barua

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Particle size is a key parameter for drug-delivery nanoparticle design. It is believed that the size of a nanoparticle may have important effects on its ability to overcome the transport barriers in biological tissues. Nonetheless, such effects remain poorly understood. Using a multiscale model, this work investigates particle size effects on the tissue distribution and penetration efficacy of drug-delivery nanoparticles.

Results: We have developed a multiscale spatiotemporal model of nanoparticle transport in biological tissues. The model implements a time-adaptive Brownian Dynamics algorithm that links microscale particle-cell interactions and adhesion dynamics to tissue-scale particle dispersion and penetration. The model accounts …

Modeling And Simulation Of Microgrid, Ahmad Alzahrani, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Pourya Shamsi, Cihan H. Dagli

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Complex computer systems and electric power grids share many properties of how they behave and how they are structured. A microgrid is a smaller electric grid that contains several homes, energy storage units, and distributed generators. The main idea behind microgrids is the ability to work even if the main grid is not supplying power. That is, the energy storage unit and distributed generation will supply power in that case, and if there is excess in power production from renewable energy sources, it will go to the energy storage unit. Therefore, the electric grid becomes decentralized in terms of control …

Energy Consumption Modeling Of Stereolithography-Based Additive Manufacturing Toward Environmental Sustainability, Yiran Yang, Lin Li, Yayue Pan, Zeyi Sun

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred as three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping, has been implemented in various areas as one of the most promising new manufacturing technologies in the past three decades. In addition to the growing public interest in developing AM into a potential mainstream manufacturing approach, increasing concerns on environmental sustainability, especially on energy consumption, have been presented. To date, research efforts have been dedicated to quantitatively measuring and analyzing the energy consumption of AM processes. Such efforts only covered partial types of AM processes and explored inadequate factors that might influence the energy consumption. In addition, energy consumption …

Time Effect Of Water Injection On The Mechanical Properties Of Coal And Its Application In Rockburst Prevention In Mining, Xiaofei Liu, Guang Xu, Chong Zhang, Biao Kong, Jifa Qian, Dong Zhu, Mingyao Wei

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Coal seam water injection is widely used to prevent rockbursts in coal mines, and the duration of water injection is an important parameter related to the effectiveness of rockburst prevention, making it of practical importance to optimize the effective water injection duration. This paper presents the test results of the mechanical properties and pore structure of samples with different soaking time, obtained from a working face where rockburst occurred. Soaking time changes the mechanical properties of samples, and this time effect differs with the coal size (from centimeter to nanometer size). Results of numerical simulation and on-site tests in the …

Drained Elastoplastic Solution For Cylindrical Cavity Expansion In K0-Consolidated Anisotropic Soil, Jingpei Li, Weibing Gong, Lin Li, Fang Liu

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a semi analytical solution for drained expansion of a cylindrical cavity in K0-consolidated clay. The solution is derived based on the K0-based anisotropic modified Cam-clay model (K0-AMCC), which can properly consider the initial stress anisotropy and the initial stress-induced anisotropy of natural soils. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of different over consolidation ratios on the growth of plastic zone and cavity pressure, the distributions of the stress components and the specific volume around the cavity, and the effective stress path. The results are compared with the published solution based on the modified Cam-clay …

Broadband Infrared Absorbers With Stacked Double Chromium Ring Resonators, H. Deng, L. Stan, D. Czaplewski, Jie Gao, Xiaodong Yang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Hollow-Core Frp-Concrete-Steel Bridge Columns Under Torsional Loading, Sujith Anumolu, Omar I. Abdelkarim, Mohanad M. Abdulazeez, Ahmed Gheni, Mohamed Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the behavior of hollow-core fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete-steel (HC-FCS) columns under cyclic torsional loading combined with constant axial load. The HC-FCS consists of an outer fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and an inner steel tube, with a concrete shell sandwiched between the two tubes. The FRP tube was stopped at the surface of the footing, and provided confinement to the concrete shell from the outer direction. The steel tube was embedded into the footing to a length of 1.8 times the diameter of the steel tube. The longitudinal and transversal reinforcements of the column were provided by the steel tube …

Chaotic Behavior In High-Gain Interleaved Dc-Dc Converters, Ahmad Alzahrani, Pourya Shamsi, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Cihan H. Dagli

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, chaotic behavior in high gain dc-dc converters with current mode control is explored. The dc-dc converters exhibit some chaotic behavior because they contain switches. Moreover, in power electronics (circuits with more passive elements), the dynamics become rich in nonlinearity and become difficult to capture with linear analytical models. Therefore, studying modeling approaches and analysis methods is required. Most of the high-gain dc-dc boost converters cannot be controlled with only voltage mode control due to the presence of right half plane zero that narrows down the stability region. Therefore, the need of current mode control is necessary to …

Classification Of Rest And Active Periods In Actigraphy Data Using Pca, Isaac W. Muns, Yogesh Lad, Ivan G. Guardiola, Matthew S. Thimgan

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper we highlight a clustering algorithm for the purpose of identifying sleep and wake periods directly from actigraphy signals. The paper makes use of statistical Principal Component Analysis to identify periods of rest and activity. The aim of the proposed methodology is to develop a quick and efficient method to determine the sleep duration of an individual. In addition, a robust method that can identify sleep periods in the accelerometer data when duration, time of day varies by individual. A selected group of 10 individual's sensor data consisting of actigraphy from an accelerometer (3-axis), near body temperature, and …

A General Algorithm For Assessing Product Architecture Performance Considering Architecture Extension In Cyber Manufacturing, Md Monirul Islam, Zeyi Sun, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In modern manufacturing, the product architecture design options are usually restricted to those that can be produced with 100% confidence using those proven technologies to satisfy the existing customer requirement. As a result, the inefficiencies of architecture design are considerable due to such limitations. This issue is of particular interests in cyber manufacturing when exploring the tradeoff between generality and feasibility in product design and manufacturing. It can be expected that the improvement and extension of the existing product architecture may be required to meet new customer requirement when new technologies become available. An effective system performance assessment algorithm is …