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Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Process To Produce High Surface Area Nanoparticle Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst And Product Derives Thereof, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, Ali A. Rownaghi
Process To Produce High Surface Area Nanoparticle Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst And Product Derives Thereof, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, Ali A. Rownaghi
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An improved process to produce high surface area nanoparticle vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts comprises the steps of reducing vanadium-containing compounds in an alcohol solution selected from the group consisting of isobutanol and benzyl alcohol and any combination derives thereof under reflux for 4 to 6 hours to form a suspended mixture; reacting dopants and phosphorus-containing compounds to the suspended mixture under reflux for 30 minutes to 3 hours to form precursors of the vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts; drying the formed precursors; and calcining the dried precursors in a flow of gaseous n-butane/air mixture at 400 to 460° C. to form …
Comparison Of Antibacterial Properties Of Commercial Bone Cements And Fillers With A Zinc-Based Glass Polyalkenoate Cement, A. W. Wren, N. M. Cummins, Mark R. Towler
Comparison Of Antibacterial Properties Of Commercial Bone Cements And Fillers With A Zinc-Based Glass Polyalkenoate Cement, A. W. Wren, N. M. Cummins, Mark R. Towler
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Postoperative infection following invasive surgical procedures is a significant cause for concern, particularly in spinal reconstructive surgery. The objective of this study is to compare the antibacterial efficacy of a novel zinc-based glass polyalkenoate cement (Zn-GPC) based on 0.04SrO-0.12CaO-0.36ZnO- 0.48SiO2 glass, to a number of commercially available bone cements and fillers including Simplex P + Tobramycin (STob), Spineplex (Spine) and Novabone Putty (NPut). The agar diffusion test was performed on each material against Escherichia coli, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphlococcus Aureus. STob was found to produce large inhibition zones in each …
An Automated Phenotype-Driven Approach (Geneforce) For Refining Metabolic And Regulatory Models, Dipak Barua, Joonhoon Kim, Jennifer L. Reed
An Automated Phenotype-Driven Approach (Geneforce) For Refining Metabolic And Regulatory Models, Dipak Barua, Joonhoon Kim, Jennifer L. Reed
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Integrated constraint-based metabolic and regulatory models can accurately predict cellular growth phenotypes arising from genetic and environmental perturbations. Challenges in constructing such models involve the limited availability of information about transcription factor-gene target interactions and computational methods to quickly refine models based on additional datasets. In this study, we developed an algorithm, GeneForce, to identify incorrect regulatory rules and gene-protein-reaction associations in integrated metabolic and regulatory models. We applied the algorithm to refine integrated models of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, and experimentally validated some of the algorithm's suggested refinements. The adjusted E. coli model showed improved accuracy …
The Effect Of Ionic Dissolution Products Of Ca-Sr-Na-Zn-Si Bioactive Glass On In Vitro Cytocompatibility, S. Murphy, A. W. Wren, Mark R. Towler, D. Boyd
The Effect Of Ionic Dissolution Products Of Ca-Sr-Na-Zn-Si Bioactive Glass On In Vitro Cytocompatibility, S. Murphy, A. W. Wren, Mark R. Towler, D. Boyd
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Many commercial bone grafts cannot regenerate healthy bone in place of diseased bone. Bioactive glasses have received much attention in this regard due to the ability of their ionic dissolution products to promote cell proliferation, cell differentiation and activate gene expression. Through the incorporation of certain ions, bioactive glasses can become therapeutic for specific pathological situations. Calcium-strontium-sodium-zinc-silicate glass bone grafts have been shown to release therapeutic levels of zinc and strontium, however the in vitro compatibility of these materials is yet to be reported. In this study, the in vitro cytocompatibility of three different calcium-strontium-sodium-zinc-silicate glasses was examined as a …
A Molecular Dynamics Study On The Transport Of A Charged Biomolecule In A Polymeric Adsorbent Medium And Its Adsorption Onto A Charged Ligand, Enrico Riccardi, Jee-Ching Wang, Athanasios I. Liapis
A Molecular Dynamics Study On The Transport Of A Charged Biomolecule In A Polymeric Adsorbent Medium And Its Adsorption Onto A Charged Ligand, Enrico Riccardi, Jee-Ching Wang, Athanasios I. Liapis
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The transport of a charged adsorbate biomolecule in a porous polymeric adsorbent medium and its adsorption onto the covalently immobilized ligands have been modeled and investigated using molecular dynamics modeling and simulations as the third part of a novel fundamental methodology developed for studying ion-exchange chromatography based bioseparations. To overcome computational challenges, a novel simulation approach is devised where appropriate atomistic and coarse grain models are employed simultaneously and the transport of the adsorbate is characterized through a number of locations representative of the progress of the transport process. The adsorbate biomolecule for the system studied in this work changes …
A Spectroscopic Investigation Into The Setting And Mechanical Properties Of Titanium Containing Glass Polyalkenoate Cements, A. W. Wren, A. Kidari, N. M. Cummins, Mark R. Towler
A Spectroscopic Investigation Into The Setting And Mechanical Properties Of Titanium Containing Glass Polyalkenoate Cements, A. W. Wren, A. Kidari, N. M. Cummins, Mark R. Towler
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Titanium (Ti) implants are extensively used in a number of biomedical and dental applications. This work introduces Ti into the glass phase of a zinc-based glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) and investigates changes in handling and mechanical properties considering two molecular weight polyacrylic acids (PAA), E9 and E11. Considering the handling properties, the working time (Tw) increased from 50 sE9, 32 sE11 (BT 101, Ti-free) to 169 sE9, 74 sE11 with TW-Z (highest Ti content), respectively. The setting time (Ts) increased from 76 sE9, 47 sE11 (BT 101) …
A New Methodology For Hydrodynamic Similarity In Bubble Columns, Ashfaq Shaikh, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
A New Methodology For Hydrodynamic Similarity In Bubble Columns, Ashfaq Shaikh, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Bubble Columns Are Widely Used in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Biochemical Industries for Various Processes Such as Alkylation, Oxidation, Chlorination, Wet Oxidation of Effluents, Etc. a New Hypothesis for Hydrodynamic Similarity that Can Be Subsequently Used for Scale-Up of Bubble Column Reactors Was Proposed. This Hypothesis Was Evaluated using Advanced Diagnostic Techniques. the Conditions of Similarity Where overall Gas Holdup and Radial Gas Holdup Profiles Were the Same, and Mismatch Where overall Gas Holdup Was the Same But Gas Holdup Radial Profiles Were Different, Were Identified. the Condition that Two Systems Must Operate in the Same Flow Regime to Be Hydrodynamically …
Local Gas Holdup In A Draft Tube Airlift Bioreactor, Hu Ping Luo, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Local Gas Holdup In A Draft Tube Airlift Bioreactor, Hu Ping Luo, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Airlift Column Bioreactors Are Gas-Liquid Contact Devices Characterized by a Rising Channel and a Down Flow Channel Due to Gas Holdup Differences in These Two Channels. Local Gas Holdup Distribution Strongly Affects the overall Gas-Liquid Flow Dynamics in Airlift Columns. in This Work, Local Gas Holdup Distributions in a Draft Tube Airlift Column Covering Both Bubbly Flow and Churn-Turbulent Flow Regimes Have Been Studied using Computed Tomography (CT) Technique as Well as Conventional Techniques. the Radial and Axial Evolutions of the Gas Holdup Distribution Will Be Discussed, Together with the Effects of Superficial Gas Velocity and Geometry Parameters. the Obtained …
The Effect Of Adding Organic Polymers On The Handling Properties, Strengths And Bioactivity Of A Ca-Sr-Zn-Si Glass Polyalkenoate Cement, A. W. Wren, N. M. Cummins, A. Coughlan, Mark R. Towler
The Effect Of Adding Organic Polymers On The Handling Properties, Strengths And Bioactivity Of A Ca-Sr-Zn-Si Glass Polyalkenoate Cement, A. W. Wren, N. M. Cummins, A. Coughlan, Mark R. Towler
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This work demonstrates the addition of a number of naturally occurring proteins/polymers to a zinc-based glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs). Chitin (Chi.), collagen (Col.), cysteine (Cys.) and keratin (Ker.) were added with the intention of improving the bioactivity of this cement. Initial testing involved characterization of the glass with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) before and after sterilization with γ-irradiation. No significant changes occurred as a result of sterilization. Handling properties of the modified cements were not significantly different from those of the control, BT 101 (Working Tw-36s, and setting time Ts-70 …
Influence Of Morphology And Processing On Xps Characterisation Of Sro-Ca-Zno-Sio2 Glass, F. R. Laffir, A. W. Wren, Mark R. Towler
Influence Of Morphology And Processing On Xps Characterisation Of Sro-Ca-Zno-Sio2 Glass, F. R. Laffir, A. W. Wren, Mark R. Towler
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A study was conducted to demonstrate the influence of morphology and processing on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) characterization SrO-Ca-ZnO-SiO2 glass. The glass formulation being investigated was originally synthesized for developing a novel glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC). High resolution photoelectron spectra of Zn 2p, Ca 2p, Sr 3d, Si 2p, O 1s, and C 1s were recorded for the different forms of glass. It was observed that there was preferential enrichment of Zn2+ with an increase in the proportion of NBO for the investigated BT101 glass. The relative atomic concentration of Zn in BT101 glass was high and resulted …
Mechanical Properties Of Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Compacts Sintered By Two Different Sintering Methods, Declan J. Curran, Thomas J. Fleming, Mark R. Towler, Stuart Hampshire
Mechanical Properties Of Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Compacts Sintered By Two Different Sintering Methods, Declan J. Curran, Thomas J. Fleming, Mark R. Towler, Stuart Hampshire
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Microwave sintering is traditionally employed to reduce the sintering temperature required to densify powder compacts. The effect of microwave heating on hydroxyapatite (HA)-zirconia (ZrO2) green bodies has been investigated in order to understand how microwave energy may affect the physical and mechanical properties of the resultant densified composites. Laboratory synthesised nano-sized HA and a commercial nano-sized ZrO2 powder have been ball milled to create mixtures containing 0-5 wt% ZrO2 loadings. Compacts were microwave sintered at either 700, 1000 or 1200°C with a 1 h hold time. Comparative firings were also performed in a resistive element furnace …
Surface Engineering Of Macrophages With Nanoparticles To Generate A Cell-Nanoparticle Hybrid Vehicle For Hypoxia-Targeted Drug Delivery, Christopher A. Holden, Quan Yuan, W. Andrew Yeudall, Deborah A. Lebman, Hu Yang
Surface Engineering Of Macrophages With Nanoparticles To Generate A Cell-Nanoparticle Hybrid Vehicle For Hypoxia-Targeted Drug Delivery, Christopher A. Holden, Quan Yuan, W. Andrew Yeudall, Deborah A. Lebman, Hu Yang
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Tumors frequently contain hypoxic regions that result from a shortage of oxygen due to poorly organized tumor vasculature. Cancer cells in these areas are resistant to radiation- and chemotherapy, limiting the treatment efficacy. Macrophages have inherent hypoxia-targeting ability and hold great advantages for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to cancer cells in hypoxic areas. However, most anticancer drugs cannot be directly loaded into macrophages because of their toxicity. In this work, we designed a novel drug delivery vehicle by hybridizing macrophages with nanoparticles through cell surface modification. Nanoparticles immobilized on the cell surface provide numerous new sites for anticancer drug …
Evaluation Of Two Novel Aluminum-Free, Zinc-Based Glass Polyalkenoate Cements As Alternatives To Pmma Bone Cement For Use In Vertebroplasty And Balloon Kyphoplasty, Gladius Lewis, Mark R. Towler, Daniel Boyd, Matthew J. German, Anthony W. Wren, Owen M. Clarkin, Andrew Yates
Evaluation Of Two Novel Aluminum-Free, Zinc-Based Glass Polyalkenoate Cements As Alternatives To Pmma Bone Cement For Use In Vertebroplasty And Balloon Kyphoplasty, Gladius Lewis, Mark R. Towler, Daniel Boyd, Matthew J. German, Anthony W. Wren, Owen M. Clarkin, Andrew Yates
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) are now widely used for treating patients in whom the pain due to vertebral compression fractures is severe and has proved to be refractory to conservative treatment. These procedures involve percutaneous delivery of a bolus of an injectable bone cement either directly to the fractured vertebral body, VB (VP) or to a void created in it by an inflatable bone tamp (BKP). Thus, the cement is a vital component of both procedures. In the vast majority of VPs and BKPs, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used. This material has many shortcomings, notably …