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Hope College

Faculty Publications

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2023

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Electrically-Evoked Referred Sensations Induce Embodiment Of Rubber Limb, Anthony Nguyen, Brooke Draggoo, Brooklyn Tobias, Payton Dubose, Katharine Polasek Jul 2023

Electrically-Evoked Referred Sensations Induce Embodiment Of Rubber Limb, Anthony Nguyen, Brooke Draggoo, Brooklyn Tobias, Payton Dubose, Katharine Polasek

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Electrical stimulation is increasingly relevant in a variety of medical treatments. In this study, the quality of referred sensations evoked using surface electrical stimulation was evaluated using the rubber hand and foot illusions.

Methods: The rubber hand and foot illusions were attempted under 4 conditions: (1) multi-location tapping; (2) one-location tapping; (3) electrical stimulation of sensation referred to the hand or foot; (4) asynchronous control. The strength of each illusion was quantified using a questionnaire and proprioceptive drift, where a stronger response suggested embodiment of the rubber limb.

Results: 45 able-bodied individuals and two individuals with amputations participated in …