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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Modeling The Early Visual System, Nicholas Lanning
Modeling The Early Visual System, Nicholas Lanning
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
There are two encoding schema present in simple cells in the early visual system of vertebrates: the retinal simple cells activate highly when the receptive field contains a center surround stimulus, while the primary visual cortex’s (V1) simple cells activate highly when the receptive field contains visual edges. Work has been done in the past to enforce constraints on visual machine learning such that the retinal or V1 encoding is learned, but this work is often done to emulate retinal and V1 encoding in a vacuum. Recent work using convolutional neural networks focuses on anatomical constraints along with a supervised …
Synthesizing Dysarthric Speech Using Multi-Speaker Tts For Dsyarthric Speech Recognition, Mohammad Soleymanpour
Synthesizing Dysarthric Speech Using Multi-Speaker Tts For Dsyarthric Speech Recognition, Mohammad Soleymanpour
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often characterized by reduced speech intelligibility through slow, uncoordinated control of speech production muscles. Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) systems may help dysarthric talkers communicate more effectively. However, robust dysarthria-specific ASR requires a significant amount of training speech is required, which is not readily available for dysarthric talkers.
In this dissertation, we investigate dysarthric speech augmentation and synthesis methods. To better understand differences in prosodic and acoustic characteristics of dysarthric spontaneous speech at varying severity levels, a comparative study between typical and dysarthric speech was conducted. These characteristics are important components for dysarthric speech modeling, …
Novel Tools For Analysis Of Disordered Sleep And Motor Behavior In Preclinical Models Of Disease, Dillon M. Huffman
Novel Tools For Analysis Of Disordered Sleep And Motor Behavior In Preclinical Models Of Disease, Dillon M. Huffman
Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering
Subtle changes in sleep architecture can accompany and be symptomatic of various diseases or disorders. Understanding the complex interactions between sleep and health requires the ability to characterize sleep, probe its underlying mechanisms through perturbation, and quantify dependent physiological outcomes. Rodent models have come to be accepted as a valuable tool for preclinical investigations. However, experimental tools to accomplish such research typically rely on laborious methods that limit throughput and flexibility. Thus, research tools that minimize workload could be of great value to the research community and expedite investigation of the underlying mechanisms of sleep and further the development of …
Novel Machine Learning And Wearable Sensor Based Solutions For Smart Healthcare Monitoring, Rajdeep Kumar Nath
Novel Machine Learning And Wearable Sensor Based Solutions For Smart Healthcare Monitoring, Rajdeep Kumar Nath
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
The advent of IoT has enabled the design of connected and integrated smart health monitoring systems. These health monitoring systems can be utilized for monitoring the mental and physical wellbeing of a person. Stress, anxiety, and hypertension are the major elements responsible for the plethora of physical and mental illnesses. In this context, the older population demands special attention because of the several age-related complications that exacerbate the effects of stress, anxiety, and hypertension. Monitoring stress, anxiety, and blood pressure regularly can prevent long-term damage by initiating necessary intervention or clinical treatment beforehand. This will improve the quality of life …
Machine Learning Approach For Vigilance State Classification In Mice, Anik Muhury
Machine Learning Approach For Vigilance State Classification In Mice, Anik Muhury
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sleep has a significant impact on cognitive abilities such as memory, reaction time, productivity, and creative thinking; however, there are many aspects of this important activity that are not clearly understood. Over the last century, researchers have developed technology and animal models to assist in the study of sleep. Manual sleep scoring is time consuming, reduces productivity, and is impacted by human scorer subjectivity. On the other hand, automatic sleep stage categorization can enhance consistency and reliability, aiding professionals in identifying sleep related health problems.
In recent times various studies reported significant achievements for automatic vigilance detection and overcome the …
Vibro-Acoustic Codling Moth Larvae Infestation Detection In Apples, Chadwick A. Parrish
Vibro-Acoustic Codling Moth Larvae Infestation Detection In Apples, Chadwick A. Parrish
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Within recent years, the demand for organic produce has greatly increased due to many factors, including increasing knowledge about such things as dietary fiber and balanced gastrointestinal bacterial ecosystems. This increase in demand, coupled with the financial penalties for sending invasive species and pests across borders, presents a need for a scalable and accurate system to non-destructively detect infestation. The proposed work addresses this problem by testing the performance of a non-destructive vibro-acoustic method for detecting lava activity in apples. This involved 3 steps; design a mechanical data collection prototype for testing apples, a evaluate a set of features, and …
Weakly Supervised Learning For Multi-Image Synthesis, Muhammad Usman Rafique
Weakly Supervised Learning For Multi-Image Synthesis, Muhammad Usman Rafique
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Machine learning-based approaches have been achieving state-of-the-art results on many computer vision tasks. While deep learning and convolutional networks have been incredibly popular, these approaches come at the expense of huge amounts of labeled data required for training. Manually annotating large amounts of data, often millions of images in a single dataset, is costly and time consuming. To deal with the problem of data annotation, the research community has been exploring approaches that require less amount of labelled data.
The central problem that we consider in this research is image synthesis without any manual labeling. Image synthesis is a classic …
Accelerometer-Based Vigilance State Classification In Dairy Cows, Evan King
Accelerometer-Based Vigilance State Classification In Dairy Cows, Evan King
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Globally, dairy farming is a $700 billion industry, with more than 9 million dairy cows in the United States alone. Depriving cows of required activities such as sleep has been shown to negatively impact reproductive efficiency, decrease the volume of milk produced, and increase the risk of culling. Overcrowded herds can decrease individual animal health, demanding the need for automatic behavior detection that would provide insight into their state of health.
Using electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) to characterize the phases of sleep is a technique which has been used for decades. While these techniques are considered the …
Localization Of Stationary Source Of Floor Vibration Using The Steered Response Power Method, Mohammad Royvaran
Localization Of Stationary Source Of Floor Vibration Using The Steered Response Power Method, Mohammad Royvaran
Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering
If the generated vibration in a building exceeds the acceptable limit design for a floor system, it is necessary to identify the source of vibration, a process known as localization. The objective of this study is the localization of stationary vibration sources, and the approach used is the steered response power (SRP) method. This method has already been shown to work well for wireless and acoustical applications to locate transmitter and sound sources, respectively. To the writer’s knowledge, this study is the first application of the SRP method to locate vibration sources using floor vibration measurements. However, because waves behave …
Articulatory-Wavenet: Deep Autoregressive Model For Acoustic-To-Articulatory Inversion, Narjes Alsadat Agha Seyed Mirza Bozorg
Articulatory-Wavenet: Deep Autoregressive Model For Acoustic-To-Articulatory Inversion, Narjes Alsadat Agha Seyed Mirza Bozorg
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Acoustic-to-Articulatory Inversion, the estimation of articulatory kinematics from speech, is an important problem which has received significant attention in recent years. Estimated articulatory movements from such models can be used for many applications, including speech synthesis, automatic speech recognition, and facial kinematics for talking-head animation devices. Knowledge about the position of the articulators can also be extremely useful in speech therapy systems and Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) and Computer-Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems for second language learners. Acoustic-to-Articulatory Inversion is a challenging problem due to the complexity of articulation patterns and significant inter-speaker differences. This is even more challenging when …
Mispronunciation Detection And Diagnosis In Mandarin Accented English Speech, Subash Khanal
Mispronunciation Detection And Diagnosis In Mandarin Accented English Speech, Subash Khanal
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
This work presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of a Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis (MDD) system, with application to pronunciation evaluation of Mandarin-accented English speech. A comprehensive detection and diagnosis of errors in the Electromagnetic Articulography corpus of Mandarin-Accented English (EMA-MAE) was performed by using the expert phonetic transcripts and an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system. Articulatory features derived from the parallel kinematic data available in the EMA-MAE corpus were used to identify the most significant articulatory error patterns seen in L2 speakers during common mispronunciations. Using both acoustic and articulatory information, an ASR based Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis (MDD) …
Speaker And Gender Identification Using Bioacoustic Data Sets, Neenu Jose
Speaker And Gender Identification Using Bioacoustic Data Sets, Neenu Jose
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Acoustic analysis of animal vocalizations has been widely used to identify the presence of individual species, classify vocalizations, identify individuals, and determine gender. In this work automatic identification of speaker and gender of mice from ultrasonic vocalizations and speaker identification of meerkats from their Close calls is investigated. Feature extraction was implemented using Greenwood Function Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC), designed exclusively for extracting features from animal vocalizations. Mice ultrasonic vocalizations were analyzed using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) which yielded an accuracy of 78.3% for speaker identification and 93.2% for gender identification. Meerkat speaker identification with Close calls was implemented using Gaussian …
A Redundant Monitoring System For Human Welder Operation Using Imu And Vision Sensors, Rui Yu
A Redundant Monitoring System For Human Welder Operation Using Imu And Vision Sensors, Rui Yu
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
In manual control, the welding gun’s moving speed can significantly influence the welding results and critical welding operations usually require welders to concentrate consistently in order to react rapidly and accurately. However, human welders always have some habitual action which can have some subtle influence the welding process. It takes countless hours to train an experienced human welder. Using vision and IMU sensor will be able to set up a system and allow the worker got more accurate visual feedback like an experienced worker.
The problem is that monitor and measuring of the control process not always easy under a …
Self-Image Multimedia Technologies For Feedforward Observational Learning, Nkiruka M. A. Uzuegbunam
Self-Image Multimedia Technologies For Feedforward Observational Learning, Nkiruka M. A. Uzuegbunam
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
This dissertation investigates the development and use of self-images in augmented reality systems for learning and learning-based activities. This work focuses on self- modeling, a particular form of learning, actively employed in various settings for therapy or teaching. In particular, this work aims to develop novel multimedia systems to support the display and rendering of augmented self-images. It aims to use interactivity (via games) as a means of obtaining imagery for use in creating augmented self-images. Two multimedia systems are developed, discussed and analyzed. The proposed systems are validated in terms of their technical innovation and their clinical efficacy in …
Constant False Alarm Rate Performance Of Sound Source Detection With Time Delay Of Arrival Algorithm, Xipeng Wang
Constant False Alarm Rate Performance Of Sound Source Detection With Time Delay Of Arrival Algorithm, Xipeng Wang
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Time Delay of Arrival (TDOA) based algorithms and Steered Response Power (SRP) based algorithms are two most commonly used methods for sound source detection and localization. SRP is more robust under high reverberation and multi-target conditions, while TDOA is less computationally intensive. This thesis introduces a modified TDOA algorithm, TDOA delay table search (TDOA-DTS), that has more stable performance than the original TDOA, and requires only 4% of the SRP computation load for a 3-dimensional space of a typical room. A 2-step adaptive thresholding procedure based on a Weibull noise peak distributions for the cross-correlations and a binomial distribution for …
Time-Frequency Masking Performance For Improved Intelligibility With Microphone Arrays, Joshua P. Morgan
Time-Frequency Masking Performance For Improved Intelligibility With Microphone Arrays, Joshua P. Morgan
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Time-Frequency (TF) masking is an audio processing technique useful for isolating an audio source from interfering sources. TF masking has been applied and studied in monaural and binaural applications, but has only recently been applied to distributed microphone arrays. This work focuses on evaluating the TF masking technique's ability to isolate human speech and improve speech intelligibility in an immersive "cocktail party" environment. In particular, an upper-bound on TF masking performance is established and compared to the traditional delay-sum and general sidelobe canceler (GSC) beamformers. Additionally, the novel technique of combining the GSC with TF masking is investigated and its …
Experimental Investigation Of Reading Passive Uhf Tags In A Multi-Tag Environment, Yi Zhou
Experimental Investigation Of Reading Passive Uhf Tags In A Multi-Tag Environment, Yi Zhou
Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical Engineering
Recently, the Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a promising solution for several industrial applications. One of the key components in IoT is passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which do not require a power source for operations. Specifically, ultra-high frequency (UHF) tags are studied in this paper. However, due to factors such as tag-to-tag interference and inaccurate localization, RFID tags that are closely spaced together are difficult to detect and program accurately with unique identifiers. This thesis investigates several factors that affect the ability to encode a specific tag with unique information in the presence of other tags, …
Wearable Privacy Protection With Visual Bubble, Shaoqian Wang
Wearable Privacy Protection With Visual Bubble, Shaoqian Wang
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Wearable cameras are increasingly used in many different applications such as entertainment, security, law enforcement and healthcare. In this thesis, we focus on the application of the police worn body camera and behavioral recording using a wearable camera for one-on-one therapy with a child in a classroom or clinic. To protect the privacy of other individuals in the same environment, we introduce a new visual privacy protection technique called visual bubble. Visual bubble is a virtual zone centered around the camera for observation whereas the rest of the environment and people are obfuscated. In contrast to most existing visual privacy …
Analysis Of Vocal Fold Kinematics Using High Speed Video, Harikrishnan Unnikrishnan
Analysis Of Vocal Fold Kinematics Using High Speed Video, Harikrishnan Unnikrishnan
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Vocal folds are the twin in-folding of the mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. They vibrate modulating the constant air flow initiated from the lungs. The pulsating pressure wave blowing through the glottis is thus the source for voiced speech production. Study of vocal fold dynamics during voicing are critical for the treatment of voice pathologies. Since the vocal folds move at 100 - 350 cycles per second, their visual inspection is currently done by strobosocopy which merges information from multiple cycles to present an apparent motion. High Speed Digital Laryngeal Imaging(HSDLI) with a temporal resolution of up to …
Robust Background Subtraction For Moving Cameras And Their Applications In Ego-Vision Systems, Hasan Sajid
Robust Background Subtraction For Moving Cameras And Their Applications In Ego-Vision Systems, Hasan Sajid
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Background subtraction is the algorithmic process that segments out the region of interest often known as foreground from the background. Extensive literature and numerous algorithms exist in this domain, but most research have focused on videos captured by static cameras. The proliferation of portable platforms equipped with cameras has resulted in a large amount of video data being generated from moving cameras. This motivates the need for foundational algorithms for foreground/background segmentation in videos from moving cameras. In this dissertation, I propose three new types of background subtraction algorithms for moving cameras based on appearance, motion, and a combination of …
Information-Theoretic Secure Outsourced Computation In Distributed Systems, Zhaohong Wang
Information-Theoretic Secure Outsourced Computation In Distributed Systems, Zhaohong Wang
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Secure multi-party computation (secure MPC) has been established as the de facto paradigm for protecting privacy in distributed computation. One of the earliest secure MPC primitives is the Shamir's secret sharing (SSS) scheme. SSS has many advantages over other popular secure MPC primitives like garbled circuits (GC) -- it provides information-theoretic security guarantee, requires no complex long-integer operations, and often leads to more efficient protocols. Nonetheless, SSS receives less attention in the signal processing community because SSS requires a larger number of honest participants, making it prone to collusion attacks. In this dissertation, I propose an agent-based computing framework using …
Experimental-Computational Analysis Of Vigilance Dynamics For Applications In Sleep And Epilepsy, Farid Yaghouby
Experimental-Computational Analysis Of Vigilance Dynamics For Applications In Sleep And Epilepsy, Farid Yaghouby
Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Sleep problems can cooccur with epilepsy, and adversely affect seizure diagnosis and treatment. In fact, the relationship between sleep and seizures in individuals with epilepsy is a complex one. Seizures disturb sleep and sleep deprivation aggravates seizures. Antiepileptic drugs may also impair sleep quality at the cost of controlling seizures. In general, particular vigilance states may inhibit or facilitate seizure generation, and changes in vigilance state can affect the predictability of seizures. A clear understanding of sleep-seizure interactions will therefore benefit epilepsy care providers and improve quality of life in patients. …
Hybrid Single And Dual Pattern Structured Light Illumination, Minghao Wang
Hybrid Single And Dual Pattern Structured Light Illumination, Minghao Wang
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Structured Light Illumination is a widely used 3D shape measurement technique in non-contact surface scanning. Multi-pattern based Structured Light Illumination methods reconstruct 3-D surface with high accuracy, but are sensitive to object motion during the pattern projection and the speed of scanning process is relatively long. To reduce this sensitivity, single pattern techniques are developed to achieve a high speed scanning process, such as Composite Pattern (CP) and Modified Composite Pattern (MCP) technique. However, most of single patter techniques have a significant banding artifact and sacrifice the accuracy. We focus on developing SLI techniques can achieve both high speed, high …
Stargrazer One: A New Architecture For Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking Of Solar Photovoltaic Sources, Edgard Munoz-Coreas
Stargrazer One: A New Architecture For Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking Of Solar Photovoltaic Sources, Edgard Munoz-Coreas
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
The yield from a solar photovoltaic (PV) source is dependent on factors such as light and temperature. A control system called a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) ensures that the yield from a solar PV source is maximized in spite of these factors. This thesis presents a novel implementation of a perturb and observe (PO) MPPT.
The implementation uses a switched capacitor step down converter and a custom digital circuit implementation of the PO algorithm. Working in tandem, the switched capacitor step down converter and the custom digital circuit implementation were able to successfully track the maximum power point of …
Nuclei/Cell Detection In Microscopic Skeletal Muscle Fiber Images And Histopathological Brain Tumor Images Using Sparse Optimizations, Hai Su
Theses and Dissertations--Computer Science
Nuclei/Cell detection is usually a prerequisite procedure in many computer-aided biomedical image analysis tasks. In this thesis we propose two automatic nuclei/cell detection frameworks. One is for nuclei detection in skeletal muscle fiber images and the other is for brain tumor histopathological images.
For skeletal muscle fiber images, the major challenges include: i) shape and size variations of the nuclei, ii) overlapping nuclear clumps, and iii) a series of z-stack images with out-of-focus regions. We propose a novel automatic detection algorithm consisting of the following components: 1) The original z-stack images are first converted into one all-in-focus image. 2) A …
Computational Multimedia For Video Self Modeling, Ju Shen
Computational Multimedia For Video Self Modeling, Ju Shen
Theses and Dissertations--Computer Science
Video self modeling (VSM) is a behavioral intervention technique in which a learner models a target behavior by watching a video of oneself. This is the idea behind the psychological theory of self-efficacy - you can learn or model to perform certain tasks because you see yourself doing it, which provides the most ideal form of behavior modeling. The effectiveness of VSM has been demonstrated for many different types of disabilities and behavioral problems ranging from stuttering, inappropriate social behaviors, autism, selective mutism to sports training. However, there is an inherent difficulty associated with the production of VSM material. Prolonged …
A Method For Non-Invasive, Automated Behavior Classification In Mice, Using Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors, Steven R. Gooch
A Method For Non-Invasive, Automated Behavior Classification In Mice, Using Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors, Steven R. Gooch
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
While all mammals sleep, the functions and implications of sleep are not well understood, and are a strong area of investigation in the research community. Mice are utilized in many sleep studies, with electroencephalography (EEG) signals widely used for data acquisition and analysis. However, since EEG electrodes must be surgically implanted in the mice, the method is high cost and time intensive. This work presents an extension of a previously researched high throughput, low cost, non-invasive method for mouse behavior detection and classification. A novel hierarchical classifier is presented that classifies behavior states including NREM and REM sleep, as well …
Machine-Human Cooperative Control Of Welding Process, Weijie Zhang
Machine-Human Cooperative Control Of Welding Process, Weijie Zhang
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
An innovative auxiliary control system is developed to cooperate with an unskilled welder in a manual GTAW in order to obtain a consistent welding performance. In the proposed system, a novel mobile sensing system is developed to non-intrusively monitor a manual GTAW by measuring three-dimensional (3D) weld pool surface. Specifically, a miniature structured-light laser amounted on torch projects a dot matrix pattern on weld pool surface during the process; Reflected by the weld pool surface, the laser pattern is intercepted by and imaged on the helmet glass, and recorded by a compact camera on it. Deformed reflection pattern contains the …
Efficient Anonymous Biometric Matching In Privacy-Aware Environments, Ying Luo
Efficient Anonymous Biometric Matching In Privacy-Aware Environments, Ying Luo
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Video surveillance is an important tool used in security and environmental monitoring, however, the widespread deployment of surveillance cameras has raised serious privacy concerns. Many privacy-enhancing schemes have been recently proposed to automatically redact images of selected individuals in the surveillance video for protection. To identify these individuals for protection, the most reliable approach is to use biometric signals as they are immutable and highly discriminative. If misused, these characteristics of biometrics can seriously defeat the goal of privacy protection. In this dissertation, an Anonymous Biometric Access Control (ABAC) procedure is proposed based on biometric signals for privacy-aware video surveillance. …
A Universal Background Subtraction System, Hasan Sajid
A Universal Background Subtraction System, Hasan Sajid
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
Background Subtraction is one of the fundamental pre-processing steps in video processing. It helps to distinguish between foreground and background for any given image and thus has numerous applications including security, privacy, surveillance and traffic monitoring to name a few. Unfortunately, no single algorithm exists that can handle various challenges associated with background subtraction such as illumination changes, dynamic background, camera jitter etc. In this work, we propose a Multiple Background Model based Background Subtraction (MB2S) system, which is universal in nature and is robust against real life challenges associated with background subtraction. It creates multiple background models …