Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Systems chemistry (2)
- Bifurcation (1)
- Chemical networks (1)
- Chemical systems (1)
- Computational models (1)
-
- Deterministic kinetics (1)
- Difference-equations (1)
- Information paradox (1)
- Kinetic models (1)
- Lyapunov stability (1)
- Mathematical paradox (1)
- Non-linear quasi-equilibrium (1)
- Parrondo's paradox (1)
- Penney-ante (1)
- Penny-ante (1)
- Prebiotic chemistry (1)
- RNA World (1)
- Symmetry breaking (1)
- Temperature cycles (1)
- Thermal cycling (1)
- Two-player games (1)
Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Analysis Of A Chemical Model System Leading To Chiral Symmetry Breaking: Implications For The Evolution Of Homochirality, Brandy N. Morneau, Jaclyn M. Kubala, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Analysis Of A Chemical Model System Leading To Chiral Symmetry Breaking: Implications For The Evolution Of Homochirality, Brandy N. Morneau, Jaclyn M. Kubala, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
Explaining the evolution of a predominantly homochiral environment on the early Earth remains an outstanding challenge in chemistry. We explore here the mathematical features of a simple chemical model system that simulates chiral symmetry breaking and amplification towards homochirality. The model simulates the reaction of a prochiral molecule to yield enantiomers via interaction with an achiral surface. Kinetically, the reactions and rate constants are chosen so as to treat the two enantiomeric forms symmetrically. The system, however, incorporates a mechanism whereby a random event might trigger chiral symmetry breaking and the formation of a dominant enantiomer; the non-linear dynamics of …
Analysis Of The Penney-Ante Game Using Difference Equations: Development Of An Optimal And A Mixed-Strategies Protocol, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Analysis Of The Penney-Ante Game Using Difference Equations: Development Of An Optimal And A Mixed-Strategies Protocol, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
Penney-Ante is a well known two-player (Player I and Player II) game based on an information paradox. We present a new approach, using difference-equations, to analyzing the outcome for each player. One strategy yields a winning outcome of 75% for Player II, the player playing second. The approach also permits investigation of non-optimal strategies, and demonstrates how mixing of such strategies can be used to tune the winning edge of either player. We generalize the analysis to accommodate the possibility of a biased coin.
Kinetic Models Of The Prebiotic Replication Of Dsrna Under Thermal Cycling Conditions, Pauline Schwartz, Dante M. Lepore, Carl Barratt
Kinetic Models Of The Prebiotic Replication Of Dsrna Under Thermal Cycling Conditions, Pauline Schwartz, Dante M. Lepore, Carl Barratt
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
We present computational models for the replication of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or related macromolecules under thermal cycling conditions that would reflect prebiotic (i.e. non-enzymatic) environments. Two models of the replication of dsRNA are represented as multi-step chemical systems. The objective of this investigation was to better understand the kinetic features of such chemical systems. It is shown that thermal cycling in a chemical system is advantageous (relative to a fixed temperature) if there are two competing reactions, one favored at high temperature and one favored at low temperature. For the prebiotic replication of dsRNA, a high temperature favors formation …
Computational Models Of Chemical Systems Inspired By Braess’ Paradox, Dante Lepore, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Computational Models Of Chemical Systems Inspired By Braess’ Paradox, Dante Lepore, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
Systems chemistry is a new discipline which investigates the interactions within a network of chemical reactions. We have studied several computational models of chemical systems inspired by mathematical paradoxes and have found that even simple systems may behave in a counterintuitive, non-linear manner depending upon various conditions. In the present study, we modeled a set of reactions inspired by one such paradox, Braess’ paradox, an interesting phenomenon whereby the introduction of additional capacity (e.g. pathways) in some simple network systems can lead to an unexpected reduction in the overall flow rate of “traffic” through the system. We devised several chemical …
Systems Chemistry And Parrondo’S Paradox: Computational Models Of Thermal Cycling, Daniel C. Osipovitch, Carl Barratt, Pauline M. Schwartz
Systems Chemistry And Parrondo’S Paradox: Computational Models Of Thermal Cycling, Daniel C. Osipovitch, Carl Barratt, Pauline M. Schwartz
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
A mathematical concept known as Parrondo’s paradox motivated the development of several novel computational models of chemical systems in which thermal cycling was explored. In these kinetics systems we compared the rates of formation of product under cycling temperature and steady-sate conditions. We found that a greater concentration of product was predicted under oscillating temperature conditions. Our computational models of thermal cycling suggest new applications in chemical and chemical engineering systems.