Engineering Commons^™

Low Noise Amplifier For 5ghz Wi-Fi Applications On 22nm, Harshdeep Singh

Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

More devices than ever are being used to connect to the internet via Wi-Fi than ever before. This creates the demand for improving Wi-Fi standards and wireless transceivers. On of the most important stages of a Wi-Fi receiver is the low noise amplifier (LNA), this is because it is the very first stage after the antenna receives the signal. The LNA is responsible for boasting the incoming signal while adding a low amount of noise to boast the signal enough to make it receptible to the rest of the receiver system. This study sought to design an inductively degenerated common …

Using Feature Selection Enhancement To Evaluate Attack Detection In The Internet Of Things Environment, Khawlah Harahsheh, Rami Al-Naimat, Chung-Hao Chen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The rapid evolution of technology has given rise to a connected world where billions of devices interact seamlessly, forming what is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). While the IoT offers incredible convenience and efficiency, it presents a significant challenge to cybersecurity and is characterized by various power, capacity, and computational process limitations. Machine learning techniques, particularly those encompassing supervised classification techniques, offer a systematic approach to training models using labeled datasets. These techniques enable intrusion detection systems (IDSs) to discern patterns indicative of potential attacks amidst the vast amounts of IoT data. Our investigation delves into various aspects …

Location Aware Task Offloading Framework For Edge Computing Empowered By Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, Md Sahabul Hossain

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this thesis, an energy efficient task offloading mechanism in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) environment is introduced, based on the principles of Contract Theory. The technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is adopted and serves as the enabler for the energy efficient task offloading, from the perspective of location-awareness and improved communication environment. Initially a novel positioning, navigation, and timing solution is designed, based on the RIS technology and an artificial intelligent method that selects a set of RISs to perform the multilateration technique and determine the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes’ positions in an efficient and accurate manner …

Experimental Evaluation Of Smart Electric Meters’ Resilience Under Cyber Security Attacks, Harsh Kumar, Oscar A. Alvarez, Sanjeev Kumar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

For the first time, commercial grade smart meters have been subjected to cyber security attacks to understand their operation and security resilience under different attack scenarios. Cyber security is a matter of top concern for utility companies installing smart meters for remote collection of power usage data from customer premises. Keeping power-usage data secure and to maintain system’s resiliency under cyber security attacks is very important. In Smart electric grids, the power usage data from smart meters are periodically reported to the utility company. Reporting and remote monitoring of power usage data requires the use of data network protocols, which …

Performance Modeling And Optimization For A Fog-Based Iot Platform, Shensheng Tang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A fog-based IoT platform model involving three layers, i.e., IoT devices, fog nodes, and the cloud, was proposed using an open Jackson network with feedback. The system performance was analyzed for individual subsystems, and the overall system was based on different input parameters. Interesting performance metrics were derived from analytical results. A resource optimization problem was developed and solved to determine the optimal service rates at individual fog nodes under some constraint conditions. Numerical evaluations for the performance and the optimization problem are provided for further understanding of the analysis. The modeling and analysis, as well as the optimization design …

Prediction And Root-Cause Analysis For Smart Speaker Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Attacks, Tanner Fokkens

Masters Theses

"Smart home and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become ubiquitous in homes over the past decade. The smart speaker itself is often the device that interfaces all these devices together. Because of this, the smart speaker can become a point of attack for someone trying to exploit or hack into the smart home devices. In the past few years, it was discovered that smart speakers with microwave electromechanical system (MEMS) microphones are susceptible to intentional electromagnetic interference (I-EMI) attacks by modulating an audio command to a high-frequency carrier signal. This attack allows for command recognition for long-distances and smart …

Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Of Fm Signals Under Gaussian And Symmetric Alpha-Stable Noise: Deep Learning Versus Time-Frequency Analysis, Huda Saleem Razzaq, Zahir M. Hussain

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) are widely used in many fields but rarely used in the frequency estimation (FE) and slope estimation (SE) of signals. Frequency and slope estimation for frequency-modulated (FM) and single-tone sinusoidal signals are essential in various applications, such as wireless communications, sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), and radio detection and ranging (RADAR) measurements. This work proposed a novel frequency estimation technique for instantaneous linear FM (LFM) sinusoidal wave using deep learning. Deep neural networks (DNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) are classes of artificial neural networks (ANNs) used for the frequency and slope estimation …

Physical Layer Authenticated Image Encryption For Iot Network Based On Biometric Chaotic Signature For Mpfrft Ofdm System, Esam A. A. Hagras, Saad Aldosary, Haitham Khaled, Tarek Hassan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this paper, a new physical layer authenticated encryption (PLAE) scheme based on the multi-parameter fractional Fourier transform–Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MP-FrFT-OFDM) is suggested for secure image transmission over the IoT network. In addition, a new robust multi-cascaded chaotic modular fractional sine map (MCC-MF sine map) is designed and analyzed. Also, a new dynamic chaotic biometric signature (DCBS) generator based on combining the biometric signature and the proposed MCC-MF sine map random chaotic sequence output is also designed. The final output of the proposed DCBS generator is used as a dynamic secret key for the MPFrFT OFDM system in which …

Virtual Sensor Middleware: Managing Iot Data For The Fog-Cloud Platform, Fadi Almahamid, Hanan Lutfiyya, Katarina Grolinger

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

This paper introduces the Virtual Sensor Middleware (VSM), which facilitates distributed sensor data processing on multiple fog nodes. VSM uses a Virtual Sensor as the core component of the middleware. The virtual sensor concept is redesigned to support functionality beyond sensor/device virtualization, such as deploying a set of virtual sensors to represent an IoT application and distributed sensor data processing across multiple fog nodes. Furthermore, the virtual sensor deals with the heterogeneous nature of IoT devices and the various communication protocols using different adapters to communicate with the IoT devices and the underlying protocol. VSM uses the publish-subscribe design pattern …

Quality-Of-Service Provisioning For Smart City Applications Using Software-Defined Networking, Basima Kurungadan

Theses

In the current world, most cities have WiFi Access Points (AP) in every nook and corner. Hence upraising these cities to the status of a smart city is a more easily achievable task than before. Internet-of-Things (IoT) connections primarily use WiFi standards to form the veins of a smart city. Unfortunately, this vast potential of WiFi technology in the genesis of smart cities is somehow compromised due to its failure in meeting unique Quality-of-Service (QoS) demands of smart city applications. Out of the following QoS factors; transmission link bandwidth, packet transmission delay, jitter, and packet loss rate, not all applications …

Algorithm Optimization And Hardware Acceleration For Machine Learning Applications On Low-Energy Systems, Jianchi Sun

All Dissertations

Machine learning (ML) has been extensively employed for strategy optimization, decision making, data classification, etc. While ML shows great triumph in its application field, the increasing complexity of the learning models introduces neoteric challenges to the ML system designs. On the one hand, the applications of ML on resource-restricted terminals, like mobile computing and IoT devices, are prevented by the high computational complexity and memory requirement. On the other hand, the massive parameter quantity for the modern ML models appends extra demands on the system's I/O speed and memory size. This dissertation investigates feasible solutions for those challenges with software-hardware …

Miniaturized Battery Powered Air Quality Monitoring System, Bryan Chacon

All Theses

In this work, an air quality monitoring system was developed using various sensors that measure specific air quality parameters, including Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Dioxide, particulate matter of varying sizes, ambient pressure, humidity, and temperature. This system is based off a Particle micro-controller, Boron LTE CAT-M1 which allows for cellular connectivity for real-time data transmission. It is powered by a 3.7 Volt Li-Po battery and has a miniaturized design which allows for portability. This data is processed through an Internet of Things software provider that allows for the device to be connected and accessed to and from anywhere in the …

Sunsation’S Solar Powered Picnic Table, Michelle M. Barnett, Christopher Barber, Casey Durham, David Mason

Mechanical Engineering

Team SunSation is an interdisciplinary senior design project group that was tasked with developing a semi-permanent seating area for Cal Poly's electrical engineering courtyard. The EE courtyard is populated with plastic folding tables and chairs that are slowly falling apart. Dale Dolan, the head of the EE department, requested that a table design be developed that incorporates the use of solar panels. The addition of the solar panels to the table would help promote clean renewable energy as well as provide shade to those sitting in the courtyard.

The solution that SunSation arrived at is broken up into mechanical/structural, electrical, …

Priority Enabled Content Based Forwarding In Fog Computing Via Sdn, Yasi̇n İnağ, Metehan Güzel, Feyza Yildirim Okay, Mehmet Demi̇rci̇, Suat Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) applications increases, an efficient transmitting of the data generated by these applications to a centralized cloud server can be a challenging issue. This paper aims to facilitate transmission by utilizing fog computing (FC) and software defined networking (SDN) technologies. To this end, it proposes two novel content based forwarding (CBF) models for IoT networks. The first model takes advantage of FC to reduce transmission and computational delay. Based on the first model, the second model makes use of the prioritization concept to address the timely delivery of critical data while ensuring the …

Remote Crop Disease Detection Using Deep Learning With Iot, Ivy Chung, Anoushka Gupta

Electrical and Computer Engineering Senior Theses

Agriculture is such a vital part of our society, and according to the United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), plant diseases are considered one of the two main causes of decreasing food availability. This paper explores not only the methods and findings of building a CNN-based disease detection model, but that of building a deployable remote crop disease detection system incorporating IoT technology. By using transfer learning with AlexNet, we were able to predict with 89.8% accuracy tomato plant images into one of the ten pre-defined disease classes. Our proposed system tracks plant health throughout the day by using …

Assessing Security Risks With The Internet Of Things, Faith Mosemann

Senior Honors Theses

For my honors thesis I have decided to study the security risks associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) and possible ways to secure them. I will focus on how corporate, and individuals use IoT devices and the security risks that come with their implementation. In my research, I found out that IoT gadgets tend to go unnoticed as a checkpoint for vulnerability. For example, often personal IoT devices tend to have the default username and password issued from the factory that a hacker could easily find through Google. IoT devices need security just as much as computers or servers …

Efficient Routing Protocols For Cognitive Radio Networks Of Energy-Constrained Devices And Dissimilar Delay-Sensitive Levels, Rita Ahmad Abu Diab

Dissertations

As the Cognitive Radio (CR) overwhelms spectrum deficiency, it offers a substantial communication environment to accommodate IoT devices demanding connectivity and prompt arrival of their sensed data. The perceived shortage in CR routing protocols concerning delay and energy consumption promotes the novel proposal of two multi-hop routing protocols; Efficient Routing protocol for Cognitive Radio (ERCR) networks and Efficient Hybrid Routing protocol for Cognitive Radio (EHRCR) networks. A proposal for a D/M/1/K queuing model adapted to be applied in a CR network (CRN) is investigated with a retrial service system over a single licensed channel. …

Design And Implementation Of Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Automaton, Iskandar Askarov

Theses

Global domestic electricity consumption has been rapidly increasing in the past three decades. In fact, from 1990 to 2020, consumption has more than doubled from 10,120 TWh to 23,177 TWh [1]. Moreover, consumers have been turning more towards clean, renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic. According to International Energy Agency, global Solar power generation alone in 2019 has reached almost 3% [4] of the electricity supply. Even though the efficiency of photovoltaic panels has been growing, presently, the highest efficiency solar panels available to an average consumer range only from 20%-22% [14]. Many research papers have been published to increase …

Smart Energy Harvesting For Internet Of Things Networks, Fisayo Sangoleye

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this thesis, we address the problem of prolonging the battery life of Internet of Things (IoT) nodes by introducing a smart energy harvesting framework for IoT networks supported by femtocell access points (FAPs) based on the principles of Contract Theory and Reinforcement Learning. Initially, the IoT nodes’ social and physical characteristics are identified and captured through the concept of IoT node types. Then, Contract Theory is adopted to capture the interactions among the FAPs, who provide personalized rewards, i.e., charging power, to the IoT nodes to incentivize them to invest their effort, i.e., transmission power, to report their data …

Designing Blended Experiences: Laugh Traders Design Fiction, Brian J. Okeefe

Frameless

The increasing ubiquity of interactions that involve complementary digital content, physical objects, and spaces, brings about new challenges for designers. There is a need to embed designs in legacy systems, whether those are existing physical structures or existing digital platforms. Traditional approaches to product design, interaction design, and user experience design often do not take this new context into account. Many systems do not consider how designers produce new digital and physical experiences that work harmoniously, while supporting new interactions and relationships with people (Imaz and Benyon 2007; Jetter, Geyer, Schwarz & Reiterer 2012). To address this, we propose the …

Iot Garden Frost Alarm, Andrew James

Honors Theses

Home gardeners are faced with yearly challenges due to spring frosts harming young plants. This is frequently mitigated by covering crops with frost blankets, but only on nights when a frost is predicted. In areas with less predictable climate, an unexpected frost can kill vulnerable plants, reducing the amount of food produced. A system is proposed and designed here to use internet of things (IoT) technology to enable a small weather station in the home garden to report current climate data and predict frosts, then alert the gardener in time for them to cover their plants.

The system as designed …

Pilltank, Lucas Chang, Hayden Tam, Aaron Teh, Krista Round

Electrical Engineering

Imagine an elderly family member, going through their daily routine of taking their pills. They find their pill box; however, they are having trouble identifying all the pills in there. Is there a name on the tablet? Can they read what it says? Do they just trust that the medication in their box is correct? How can they properly take care of themselves if they can not even confirm that what they are taking is the right medication? To combat this issue that many face, we present PillTank.

To decrease the risk of consuming the wrong medication, PillTank identifies the …

Smartmesh Ip Network And Iot System, Marc Aurel Kamsu Tennou

Culminating Projects in Electrical Engineering

In recent years, a great deal of research conducted in a variety of scientific areas, including physics, microelectronics, and material science, by scientific experts from different domains of expertise has resulted in the invention of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). As MEMS became very popular and widely used, the need for combining the capabilities of sensing, actuation, processing, and communication also grew, and led to further research which would result in the design and implementation of devices which could reflect all those four capabilities. These devices became knowns as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and they have been the focus of considerable research …

A Secure Architecture For Defense Against Return Address Corruption, Grayson J. Bruner

Masters Theses

The advent of the Internet of Things has brought about a staggering level of inter-connectivity between common devices used every day. Unfortunately, security is not a high priority for developers designing these IoT devices. Often times the trade-off of security comes at too high of a cost in other areas, such as performance or power consumption. This is especially prevalent in resource-constrained devices, which make up a large number of IoT devices. However, a lack of security could lead to a cascade of security breaches rippling through connected devices. One of the most common attacks used by hackers is return …

Enabling Iot Authentication, Privacy And Security Via Blockchain, Md Nazmul Islam

Doctoral Dissertations

Although low-power and Internet-connected gadgets and sensors are increasingly integrated into our lives, the optimal design of these systems remains an issue. In particular, authentication, privacy, security, and performance are critical success factors. Furthermore, with emerging research areas such as autonomous cars, advanced manufacturing, smart cities, and building, usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to skyrocket. A single compromised node can be turned into a malicious one that brings down whole systems or causes disasters in safety-critical applications. This dissertation addresses the critical problems of (i) device management, (ii) data management, and (iii) service management in …

Dual Bit Control Low-Power Dynamic Content Addressable Memory Design For Iotapplications, V V Satyanarayana Satti, Sridevi Sriadibhatla

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging area in the semiconductor industry for low-power and high-speedapplications. Many search engines of IoT applications require low power consumption and high-speed content addressablememory (CAM) devices for the transmission of data packets between servers and end devices. A CAM is a hardwaredevice used for transfer of packets in a network router with high speed at the cost of power consumption. In this paper,a new dual bit control precharge free (PF) dynamic content addressable memory (DCAM) has been introduced. Theproposed design uses a new charge control circuitry, which is used to control the dual …

Sensitray: An Integrated Measuring Device For Monitoring Children’S Mealtime Dietary Intake, Hunter S. Guru, Anthony D. Weng, Santosh Pitla, Dipti Dev

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Childhood nutrition establishes consumption norms that affect an individual’s health over the course of their lives. However, early nutrition interventions to establish such norms are uncommon owing to the various inefficiencies associated with current methods of measuring childhood nutrition. Here, we present an IoT measuring device, called the SensiTray, which accurately tracks mealtime intake in a child-friendly and cost-effective fashion. Principal technologies underlying the SensiTray (including mass-sensing technologies, microcontrollers) are identified and analyzed, along with other design choices. Operation of the SensiTray is explained with special attention given to SensiTray software peripherals and algorithms. Preliminary testing consisted of static and …

Pengembangan Prototipe Sistem Pengontrolan Daya Listrik Berbasis Iot Esp32 Pada Smart Home System, Afunia Bundha Lasera, Ibnu Hary Wahyudi

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

Internet sudah menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi lapisan masyarakat. Teknologi yang saat ini masih terus berkembang adalah teknologi berbasis Internet of Things. Untuk memanfaatkan teknologi IoT pastinya membutuhkan suatu konektivitas internet yang kuat dan fasilitas yang memadai. Dalam hal ini peneliti membuat suatu projek IoT yaitu sistem Smart Home dengan Kontrol Daya Listrik Berbasis IoT. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan projek adalah 1) identifikasi dan analisis kebutuhan, 2) perancangan serta pembuatan software dan hardware, 3) tahap pengujian. Fitur sistem smart home yang dibuat menggunakan modul wifi ESP32, dikarenakan modul tersebut mampu menggunakan konektivitas wifi ataupun bluetooth. Sedangkan untuk aplikasi interface …

Iot Camera System For Monitoring Strawberry Fields, Simon Schoennauer

Master's Theses

A wireless imaging system for monitoring strawberry fields provides enough quality image data for computer vision algorithms to make meaningful yield predictions. This report contains a design for a wireless sensor network modified with mesh networking techniques to extend coverage range and a solar energy harvesting system to improve sensor node lifetime. A two hop system with six nodes is implemented in a laboratory environment validating the communication systems integrity over an 800’ range. Moving from a primary battery system to solar energy harvesting increases the module lifetime indefinitely.

Artificial Intelligence Enabled Distributed Edge Computing For Internet Of Things Applications, Georgios Fragkos

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques are typically used to model decision-making in terms of strategies and mechanisms that can conclude to optimal payoffs for a number of interacting entities, often presenting competitive behaviors. In this thesis, an AI-enabled multi-access edge computing (MEC) framework is proposed, supported by computing-equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to facilitate Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Initially, the problem of determining the IoT nodes optimal data offloading strategies to the UAV-mounted MEC servers, while accounting for the IoT nodes’ communication and computation overhead, is formulated based on a game-theoretic model. The existence of at least one Pure …