Engineering Commons^™

Energy Efficiency And Fault Tolerance In Open Ran And Future Internet, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) repre- sent a promising technological advancement within the realm of the future internet. Research efforts are currently directed towards enhancing energy efficiency and fault tolerance, which are critical aspects for both Open RAN and the future internet landscape. In the context of energy saving in Open RAN, there exists a spectrum of methods for achieving energy efficiency. These methods include the toggling of on/off states for different hardware resources such as base station units, distributed units, and radio units. Conversely, for enhancing fault tolerance in Open RAN, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow based techniques …

Improving Energy Efficiency In Open Ran Through Dynamic Cpu Scheduling, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN is a promising cellular technology that is currently undergoing extensive research for future wireless radio access networks. Achieving optimal energy efficiency in Open RAN poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a CPU scheduling algorithm that specifically targets this chal- lenge by optimizing energy consumption at the base station while maintaining optimal performance levels. With the goal of minimizing energy consumption, the proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts the CPU core states, seamlessly switching between active and sleep modes based on the load conditions. To evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in terms of energy saving and performance, experimental testing is conducted …

Poster: Optimising Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure In Dublin Using Geecharge, Alexander Mutiso Mutua, Ruairí De Fréin, Ali Malik, Kibanza Eliel, Sahbane Marco, Pantel Maxime

Conference papers

Range anxiety is a significant challenge affecting electric vehicles use as drivers fear running out of charge without finding a charging point on time. We develop methods to optimise the distribution of charging points. EV portacharge and GEECharge solutions distribute charging points in a city by considering the population density and Points Of Interest (POI) or road traffic. This paper focuses on (1) developing and evaluating methods to distribute Charging Points (CPs) in Dublin city; (2) optimising CP allocation; (3) visualising paths in the graph network to show the most used roads and points of interest; (4) describing a way …

Round Trip Time Measurement Over Microgrid Power Network, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

A focus of the Power Systems and Networking communities is the design and deployment of Microgrid (MG) integration systems that ensure that quality of service targets are met for load sharing systems at different endpoints. This paper presents an integrated Microgrid testbed that allows Microgrids endpoints to share their current, voltage and power values using a Network Published Shared Variable (NPSV) approach. We present Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements for time sensitive Microgrid control traffic in the presence of varying background traffic as an example quality of service measurement. Numerical results are presented using a range of different background traffic …

Poster: Round Trip Time Measurement Over Microgrid Power Network, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

A focus of the Power Systems and Networking communities is the design and deployment of Microgrid (MG) integration systems that ensure that quality of service targets are met for load sharing systems at different endpoints. This paper presents an integrated Microgrid testbed that allows Microgrids endpoints to share their current, voltage and power values using a Network Published Shared Variable (NPSV) approach. We present Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements for time sensitive Microgrid control traffic in the presence of varying background traffic as an example quality of service measurement. Numerical results are presented using a range of different background traffic …

Integrated Dc Microgrid Testbed For Qos Evaluation, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

This poster describes the development of an integrated Direct Current (DC) Microgrid (MG) testbed, consisting of power system and computer networking hardware, e.g. Cisco 4331 Integrated Services Routers (ISR) and 500W AC/DC power supplies, to test the Quality of Service (QoS) of MG control packets which are delivered over Layer-2 and Layer-3 networking topologies. It facilitates an examination of control packets between MG end-points, that enable real-time power load sharing, in the presence of background computer network traffic such as video streaming. The effects of difference levels of background traffic on the round trip time of control packets are demonstrated.

Poster: Integrated Dc Microgrid Testbed For Quality Of Service Evaluation, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

This study demonstrates a testbed for evaluating the effects of background network traffic on the Round-Trip Times (RTTs) of community-based integrated Direct Current (DC) Microgrid (MG) testbed using real hardware and different networking topologies.

The effects of difference levels of background traffic on the RTT of control packets are demonstrated.

Comparing The Iwl-Mvm-Rs And Minstrel-Ht Rate Adaptation Algorithms Under Different Local Error Conditions, Luhan Wang, Mark Davis

Conference papers

WLAN technology has grown rapidly and now provides increasingly reliable and fast wireless connectivity. A number of Rate Adaptation Algorithms (RAAs) which are designed to select the optimal line rate according to the channel conditions have been proposed. Iwl-Mvm-Rs RAA which is implemented in the Intel wireless chips and Minstrel-HT RAA which is implemented in the Linux kernels are two such well known algorithms. Many existing papers evaluate these two algorithms with regard to device mobility and signal fading. However, the causes of frame errors can be divided into two categories: weak signal reception and collisions. Therefore, in this paper, …

Printed-Dipole End-Fire Array For Mm-Wave Applications, Neeraj Kumar Maurya, Max Ammann

Conference papers

A novel curved printed-dipole element in an end-fire array for mmWave communication is presented. The curved dipole element is printed on both sides of a RO5880 substrate of 0.5mm thickness. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency bands n257, n258, and n261 (22.79 GHz - 29.7 GHz) and the 4-element array has a peak gain of 8.85 dBi.

H2020 Auto-Dan Project: Enhance The Participation Of The Community To Demand Response By Providing The State-Of-The-Art Technological And Policy Solution, Rene Peeren, Dharmesh Dabhi, John Dalton

Conference papers

The growing demand for electricity in Europe has increased the need for a more flexible and sustainable power system. In recent years, Demand Response (DR) has emerged as a promising solution to meet this need, by providing an opportunity for residential and smaller commercial consumers to actively participate in the electricity market. This research paper investigates the potential for DR among the residential community and small commercial electricity consumers in Europe and identifies the technological barriers and drivers that impact consumer engagement with DR programs in Europe. The different DR opportunities are identified and validated at the six different demo …

Fully 3d-Printed Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna For C-Band Applications, Jakub Przepiorowski, Irina Munina, Max Ammann, Daniel Trimble

Conference papers

This paper investigates the 3D printing of a hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) on a ground plane made from a 3D printed conductive material. The DRA is designed to operate in the C-band (3700 – 4200 MHz) and is intended for satellite communication (SATCOM) applications. The proposed antenna prototype achieved a -10 dB bandwidth of 12.2% with an average and peak gain of 4.69 dBi and peak gain of 5.39 dBi respectively.

A Strong Scattering Solution With Applications To Remote Sensing Systems Modelling, Jonathan Blackledge

Conference papers

Although not always fully appreciated as such, the linear stationary convolution model for a signal and/or image, generated by the interaction of an incident wave field with an inhomogeneous medium, is based on the ‘weak scattering condition’, commonly referred to as the ‘Born approximation’. This approximation forms the basis for signal processing and analysis associated with applications over a broad range of frequencies. The Born approximation assumes that a scattering interaction is based on single scattering events alone and that the scattered field is therefore a weak field in comparison to the incident field. The physical limitations of such a …

Energy-Aware Ai-Driven Framework For Edge-Computing-Based Iot Applications, Muhammad Zawish, Nouman Ashraf, Rafay Iqbal Ansari, Steven Davy

Conference papers

The significant growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has given impetus to the idea of edge computing for several applications. In addition, energy harvestable or wireless-powered wearable devices are envisioned to empower the edge intelligence in IoT applications. However, the intermittent energy supply and network connectivity of such devices in scenarios including remote areas and hard-to-reach regions such as in-body applications can limit the performance of edge computing-based IoT applications. Hence, deploying state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on such energy-constrained devices is not feasible due to their computational cost. Existing model compression methods, such as network …

Quantum Classifiers For Video Quality Delivery, Tautvydas Lisas, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

Classical classifiers such as the Support Vector Classifier (SVC) struggle to accurately classify video Quality of Delivery (QoD) time-series due to the challenge in constructing suitable decision boundaries using small amounts of training data. We develop a technique that takes advantage of a quantum-classical hybrid infrastructure called Quantum-Enhanced Codecs (QEC). We evaluate a (1) purely classical, (2) hybrid kernel, and (3) purely quantum classifier for video QoD congestion classification, where congestion is either low, medium or high, using QoD measurements from a real networking test-bed. Findings show that the SVC performs the classification task 4% better in the low congestion …

Optimising Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure In Dublin Using Geecharge, Alexander Mutua Mutiso, Ruairí De Fréin, Ali Malik, Eliel Kibanza, Marco Sahbane, Maxime Pantel

Conference papers

Range anxiety poses a hurdle to the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), as drivers worry about running out of charge without timely access to a Charging Point (CP). We present novel methods for optimising the distribution of CPs, namely, EV portacharge and GEECharge. These solutions distribute CPs in Dublin, in this paper, by considering the population density and Points Of Interest (POIs) or road traffic. The object of this paper is to (1) develop and evaluate methods to distribute CPs in Dublin city; (2) optimise CP allocation; (3) visualise paths in the graph network to show the most used roads …

The Role Of Soc In Ensuring The Security Of Iot Devices: A Review Of Current Challenges And Future Directions, Hajar Bennouri, Abdiaziz Abdi, Iqbal Hossain, Alexandre Pujol

Conference papers

The growing popularity and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to serious security concerns. The integration of a security operations center (SOC) becomes increasingly important in this situation to ensure the security of IoT devices. In this article, we will present a summary of IoT device security issues, their vulnerabilities, a review of current challenges to keep these devices secure, and discuss the role that SOC can bring in protecting IoT devices while considering the challenges encountered and the directions to consider when implementing a reliable SOC for IoT monitoring.

Work In Progress: A Virtual Educational Robotics Coding Club Framework To Improve K-6 Students Emotional Engagement In Stem, Kate Carmody, Julie Booth, Jospehine Bleach, Pramod Pathak, Paul Styles

Conference papers

The growing popularity and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to serious security concerns. The integration of a security operations center (SOC) becomes increasingly important in this situation to ensure the security of IoT devices. In this article, we will present a summary of IoT device security issues, their vulnerabilities, a review of current challenges to keep these devices secure, and discuss the role that SOC can bring in protecting IoT devices while considering the challenges encountered and the directions to consider when implementing a reliable SOC for IoT monitoring.

Detection Of Pause In A Pedestrian’S Movement On A Linear Walkway Using Bluetooth Low Energy Received Signal Strength Indicator, Mayank Parmar, Paula Kelly, Damon Berry

Conference papers

In recent years, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has amassed significant attention in several applications. Its potential, however, remains largely unexplored for understanding pedestrian behaviour. This study focuses on investigating the potential of BLE in identifying pedestrian activity in an outdoor linear walkway. We specifically examine the likelihood of detecting pauses in the movement of pedestrians on a linear walkway using the strength of the signals obtained from a BLE device carried by the pedestrian. To accomplish this, a volunteer pedestrian intentionally pauses at selected points on the chosen walkway for varying predetermined intervals. The obtained data was conditioned using a …

Capturing The Behaviour Of Volunteer Pedestrians In A Newly-Developed University Campus Using A Distributed Array Of Bluetooth Low Energy Devices, Ahlam Al Anbouri, Mayank Parmar, David Powell, Paula Kelly, Niall Holmes Dr., Damon Berry, Lorraine D'Arcy

Conference papers

Contemporary public infrastructure projects emphasise sustainable options that integrate pedestrian routes, leisure facilities and convenient access to public transport systems. It is important to understand the effectiveness of these contemporary designs. In the age of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), there is a need to develop technologybased solutions that collect information about the behaviour of pedestrians in public spaces as they commute and engage in leisure pursuits while simultaneously preserving the privacy of these citizens. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), has privacypreserving features that make it worth considering as part of a technology solution for studies of this type. This …

Indication Of Pedestrian’S Travel Direction Through Bluetooth Low Energy Signals Perceived By A Single Observer Device, Mayank Parmar, Paula Kelly, Damon Berry

Conference papers

This paper presents a study to understand the directional sensitivity of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) monitoring device (Observer) and whether, using a single such Observer, the characteristics of its antenna can be used to identify the direction of a pedestrian’s movement. To comprehend the directional characteristics of the antenna of the Observer employed for this study, the device is subjected to BLE signals emitted from a BLE beacon (Broadcaster) in an anechoic chamber. The results of this study confirmed that in the clean, noiseless environment of the chamber, the antenna we employed is clearly more receptive to signals emerging …