Engineering Commons^™

Energy Harvesting For Residential Microgrid Distributed Sensor Systems, Devin C. Whalen

Master’s Theses

Microgrids are localized, independent power grids that can operate while connected to the larger electrical grid. These systems make intelligent decisions regarding power management and use an array of components to monitor power generation, consumption, and environmental conditions. While this technology can save end users money, the complexity of installation and maintenance has limited the adoption of microgrids in residential spaces. To simplify this technology for end users, the next evolution of microgrid components includes sensors that are wireless and ambiently powered.

Even with a microgrid installed, significant energy is wasted in residential spaces. To address this loss, energy harvesting …

Achieving High Renewable Energy Integration In Smart Grids With Machine Learning, Yaze Li

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The integration of high levels of renewable energy into smart grids is crucial for achieving a sustainable and efficient energy infrastructure. However, this integration presents significant technical and operational challenges due to the intermittent nature and inherent uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RES). Therefore, the energy storage system (ESS) has always been bound to renewable energy, and its charge and discharge control has become an important part of the integration. The addition of RES and ESS comes with their complex control, communication, and monitor capabilities, which also makes the grid more vulnerable to attacks, brings new challenges to the cybersecurity. …

Advancing Industrial Participation In Demand Response Within National Electricity Grids Through Systematic Asset Selection, Risk Assessment And Modelling Approaches, Alexander Brem

Theses

Increasing the flexible capacity on national electricity grids will be key to maintain reliable control as the levels of renewables continue to increase annually. The industrial sector has been identified as being capable of contributing and potentially offering flexible capacities, following appropriate investigation. The aim of this thesis is to develop the knowledge, advance the engagement and encourage additional participation in national demand response programmes from the industrial sector to provide this flexibility. The potential within this sector, facilitated by the smart grid and demand response concepts is outlined, specifically detailing their benefits, driving factors and potential barriers as part …

Models And Optimal Controls For Smart Homes And Their Integration Into The Electric Power Grid, Huangjie Gong

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Smart homes can operate as a distributed energy resource (DER), when equipped with controllable high-efficiency appliances, solar photovoltaic (PV) generators, electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS). The high penetration of such buildings changes the typical electric power load profile, which without appropriate controls, may become a “duck curve” when the surplus PV generation is high, or a “dragon curve” when the EV charging load is high. A smart home may contribute to an optimal solution of such problems through the energy storage capacity, provided by its by battery energy storage system (BESS), heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) …

Smart Metering Communication Protocols And Performance Under Cyber Security Vulnerabilities, Oscar A. Alvarez

Theses and Dissertations

The communication process is the key that characterizes the modern concept of smart grid, a new technology that introduced a “two-way communication” in energy measurement systems and can be best represented through the smart meters. Hence, the goal of smart metering communication is to ensure a secure and reliable transmission of information that can only be accessed by end users and energy supplying companies. With the goal of improving the information security in smart energy grids, the research presented in this work focused on studying different advanced metering infrastructure communication protocols and, it showcases a series of experiments performed on …

Exploring Iot-Based Applications In Power Systems Monitoring, Demand Side Management And Protection, Long Zhao

Electrical Engineering Dissertations

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) concept allows objects to share data through wired or wireless connections for communication purposes. Currently, IoT has been involved with the development of smart grids in many applications. In this article-based dissertation, IoT applications in power systems are presented in 7 published research papers. In the first three papers, the developments of the IoT-based monitoring system are presented. Power substation monitoring for the petrochemical facility is discussed in the first paper. Internal design and detection mechanisms are emphasized in this research. The second paper presents the communication and task allocations for a generic power substation monitoring system. …

Probabilistic Framework For Balancing Smart Grid's Performance Enhancement And Resilience To Cyber Threat, Rezoan Ahmed Shuvro

Dissertations (1934 -)

Critical infrastructures such as smart grids rely heavily on the seamless interaction between the grid subcomponents, i.e., the communication networks which transfers information from and to the grid, and the human operators/AI agents for taking necessary control actions. Smart grids are prone to cascading failures, which trigger from a few initial the tripping of a few transmission lines or generators, creating a ripple effect in the entire network, which may, in turn, lead to a total blackout. Having additional information through the communication network increases the probability of taking better control actions (e.g., effective load shedding and other protection mechanisms), …

Computational Intelligence Approaches For Energy Optimization In Microgrids, Tamal Roy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The future electrical system termed as smart grid represents a significant paradigm shift for power industry. Nowadays, microgrids are becoming smarter with the integration of renewable energy resources (RESs) , diesel generators , energy storage systems (ESS), and plug-in electric vehicles (PEV or EV) . However, these integration bring with new challenges for intelligent management systems. The classical power generation approaches can no longer be applied to a microgrid with unpredictable renewable energy resources. To relive these problem, a proper power system optimization and a suitable coordination strategy are needed to balance the supply and demand. This thesis presents three …

Smart Distributed Generation System Event Classification Using Recurrent Neural Network-Based Long Short-Term Memory, Shuva Das

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

High penetration of distributed generation (DG) sources into a decentralized power system causes several disturbances, making the monitoring and operation control of the system complicated. Moreover, because of being passive, modern DG systems are unable to detect and inform about these disturbances related to power quality in an intelligent approach. This paper proposed an intelligent and novel technique, capable of making real-time decisions on the occurrence of different DG events such as islanding, capacitor switching, unsymmetrical faults, load switching, and loss of parallel feeder and distinguishing these events from the normal mode of operation. This event classification technique was designed …

Advanced Metering Infrastructure Security With Software-Defined Network In Smart Grid, Yi-Chen Chung

Theses and Dissertations

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is the most important and basic element in the Smart Grid systems. Technologies grow complicated as the world becomes more convenient. Power grid, smart building, electric vehicles, and other technology need to be managed and maintained flawlessly in case of the possibility of cyberattacks to shut down all the systems and result in huge loss economically or potentially affect people's life. It is important to use communication technologies to provide many functions including facilitate bidirectional communications and remote controls. Since AMI needs to be widely deployed to each home user, power companies are required to …

Analyzing Evolution Of Rare Events Through Social Media Data, Xiaoyu Lu

Dissertations

Recently, some researchers have attempted to find a relationship between the evolution of rare events and temporal-spatial patterns of social media activities. Their studies verify that the relationship exists in both time and spatial domains. However, few of those studies can accurately deduce a time point when social media activities are most highly affected by a rare event because producing an accurate temporal pattern of social media during the evolution of a rare event is very difficult. This work expands the current studies along three directions. Firstly, we focus on the intensity of information volume and propose an innovative clustering …

Analysis And Mitigation Of The Impacts Of Delays In Control Of Power Systems With Renewable Energy Sources, Chang Fu

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Analysis and Mitigation of the Impacts of Delays in Control of Power Systems

with Renewable Energy Sources

by

Chang Fu

Apr. 2019

Advisor : Dr. Caisheng Wang

Major : Electrical and Computer Engineering

Degree : Doctor of Philosophy

With the integration of renewable resources, electric vehicles and other uncertain

resources into power grid, varieties of control topology and algorithms have been proposed to

increase the stability and reliability of the operation system. Load modeling is an critical part

in such analysis since it significantly impacts the accuracy of the simulation in power system,

as well as stability and reliability …

Ict-Enabled Control And Energy Management Of Community Microgrids For Resilient Smart Grid Operation, Mahmoud Saleh

Dissertations and Theses

Our research has focused on developing novel controllers and algorithms to enhance the resilience of the power grid and increase its readiness level against major disturbances.

The U.S. power grid currently encounters two main challenges: (1) the massive and extended blackouts caused by natural disasters, such as hurricane Sandy. These blackouts have raised a national call to explore innovative approaches for enhanced grid resiliency. Scrutinizing how previous blackouts initiated and propagated throughout the power grid, the major reasons are lack of situational awareness, lack of real-time monitoring and control, underdeveloped controllers at both the transmission and distribution levels, and lack …

Robust Engineering Of Dynamic Structures In Complex Networks, Walter Botongo Bomela

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Populations of nearly identical dynamical systems are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems, in which each unit plays a crucial role in determining the functioning of the ensemble. Robust and optimal control of such large collections of dynamical units remains a grand challenge, especially, when these units interact and form a complex network. Motivated by compelling practical problems in power systems, neural engineering and quantum control, where individual units often have to work in tandem to achieve a desired dynamic behavior, e.g., maintaining synchronization of generators in a power grid or conveying information in a neuronal network; in this dissertation, …

Practical Dwell Times For Switched System Stability With Smart Grid Application, William Roy St. Pierre

Masters Theses

"Switched systems are encountered throughout many engineering disciplines, but confirming their stability is a challenging task. Even if each subsystem is asymptotically stable, certain switching sequences may exist that drive the overall system states into unacceptable regions. This thesis contains a process that grants stability under switching to switched systems with multiple operating points. The method linearizes a switched system about its distinct operating points, and employs multiple Lyapunov functions to produce modal dwell times that yield stability. This approach prioritizes practicality and is designed to be useful for large systems with many states and subsystems due to its ease …

Robust Power Interface For Smart Grid With Renewable Energy Source-To-Grid Functionality, Bohyun Ahn

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Many renewable energy companies design wind turbine generators, solar panels, or electrical car batteries with different specifications according to their management philosophy. And typical commercial power converters are not universally designed for all different types of renewable energy systems. Because of this lack of flexibility and interoperability, a universal and scalable smart grid power converter design is desirable. Designing a robust controlled bi-directional power converter is the motivation for this thesis as the first step to develop a more universal converter topology connecting renewable energy sources and the electrical smart-grid of the future.

Renewable energy such as wind or solar …

A Human Side Of The Smart Grid: Behavior-Based Energy Efficiency From Renters Using Real-Time Feedback And Competitive Performance-Based Incentives, Daniel Fredman

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Our energy system is rapidly transforming, partially due to advances in internet and communications technologies that leverage an unprecedented amount of data. Industry proponents of the so-called “smart grid” suggest these technologies facilitate deeper engagement with end-users of energy (utility customers) that can in turn drive behavior-based changes and accelerate a renewable energy transition. While there has been progress in understanding how these technologies change consumer behavior using, for example, real-time feedback, it’s unclear how specific segments (e.g., renters) respond to these interventions; it’s also unclear why feedback is, or is not, producing changes in energy consumption. The literature suggests …

Smart Grid Technology In The Developing World, Jacob R. Young

Honors Projects

A smart grid is the integration of communication and information technologies with contemporary power infrastructure to enhance load service and to incorporate continually evolving end-use applications. It is the latest advancement in the areas of power generation, transmission and distribution. It has advanced beyond the traditional grid structure at every stage; a smart grid is capable of incorporating distributed generation (DG) renewable sources and has improved transmission capabilities through implementation of technologies such as Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Through the addition of control technology in the distribution network a smart grid is able to implement “self-healing” and other methods …

Data Security And Privacy In Smart Grid, Yue Tong

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation explores novel data security and privacy problems in the emerging smart grid.

The need for data security and privacy spans the whole life cycle of the data in the smart grid, across the phases of data acquisition, local processing and archiving, collaborative processing, and finally sharing and archiving. The first two phases happen in the private domains of an individual utility company, where data are collected from the power system and processed at the local facilities. When data are being acquired and processed in the private domain, data security is the most critical concern. The key question is …

Experimental Verification And Integration Of A Next Generation Smart Power Management System, Tavis Clemmer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With the increase in energy demand by the residential community in this country and the diminishing fossil fuel resources being used for electric energy production there is a need for a system to efficiently manage power within a residence. The Smart Green Power Node (SGPN) is a next generation energy management system that automates on-site energy production, storage, consumption, and grid usage to yield the most savings for both the utility and the consumer. Such a system automatically manages on-site distributed generation sources such as a PhotoVoltaic (PV) input and battery storage to curtail grid energy usage when the price …

Locational Marginal Pricing At The Power Distribution Level, Jun Hao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During the development of smart grid at distribution level, the realization of real-time nodal pricing is one of the key challenges. This thesis proposes a novel methodology of locational marginal pricing at power distribution level. The nodal pricing mechanism is implemented utilizing both Direct Current Optimal Power Flow and Alternate Current Optimal Power Flow. The University of Denver campus power grid is used to develop the simulation test bed of the distribution level power system. In order to realize our approach, the first step is to extract the network topology from the DU campus grid utility map. The network topology …

Computational Approaches For Voltage Stability Monitoring And Control In Power Systems, Kangombe Joseph Makasa

Doctoral Dissertations

"The electric power grid is a complex, non-linear, non-stationary system comprising of thousands of components such as generators, transformers, transmission lines and advanced power electronics based control devices, and customer loads. The complexity of the grid has been further increased by the introduction of smart grid technologies. Smart grid technology adds to the traditional power grids advanced methods of communication, computation and control as well as increased use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar farms and a higher penetration of plug-in electric vehicles among others. The smart grid has resulted in much more distributed generation, bi-directional powerflows …

Distributed State Verification In The Smart Grid Using Physical Attestation, Thomas Patrick Roth

Doctoral Dissertations

"A cyber process in a distributed system can fabricate its internal state in its communications with its peers. These state fabrications can cause other processes in the distributed system to make incorrect control decisions. Cyber-physical systems have a unique advantage in the detection of falsified states because processes typically have observable effects on a shared physical infrastructure. This physical infrastructure acts as a high-integrity message channel that broadcasts changes in individual process states. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that there are cases where physical feedback from the shared infrastructure can be used to detect state fabrications. To …

Smart Distributed Generation Systems Using Improved Islanding Detection And Event Classification, Bikiran Guha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distributed Generation (DG) sources have become an integral part of modern decentralized power systems. However, the interconnection of DG systems to the power grid can present several operational challenges. One such major challenge is islanding detection. Islanding occurs when a DG system is disconnected from the rest of the power grid. Islanding can present serious safety hazards and therefore an accurate and fast islanding detection technique is mandated by DG interconnection standards such as IEEE 1547 and UL 1741. Conventional islanding detection techniques passively monitor the local power system parameters such as voltage and frequency to detect islanding. These techniques …

A Dc Distribution System For Power System Integration Of Plug-In Electric Vehicles; Modeling, Stability And Operation, Mansour Tabari

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis is mainly focused on (i) modeling of dc distribution systems for power system integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), (ii) proposing a method to enhance the stability of the dc distribution systems, and (iii) proposing an energy management strategy to control the power flow in the dc distribution system. The dc distribution system is expected to be more efficient and economical than a system of ac-dc battery chargers directly interfaced with an ac grid.

In the first part, a systematic method for developing a model for a dc distribution system, based on the configuration of the system is …

Management Of Plug-In Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Sources In Active Distribution Networks, Junhui Zhao

Wayne State University Dissertations

Near 160 million customers in the U.S.A. are served via distribution networks (DNs). The increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources (RES) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), the implementation of smart distribution technologies such as advanced metering/monitoring infrastructure, and the adoption of smart appliances, have changed distribution networks from passive to active. The next-generation of DNs should be efficient and optimized system-wide, highly reliable and robust, and capable of effectively managing highly-penetrated PEVs, RES and other controllable loads. To meet new challenges, the next-generation DNs need active distribution management (ADM).

In this thesis, we study the management of PEVs and …

Short-Term Load Forecasting Using Neural Network For Future Smart Grid Application, Jixuan Zheng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Short-term load forecasting of power system has been a classic problem for a long time. Not merely it has been researched extensively and intensively, but also a variety of forecasting methods has been raised.

This thesis outlines some aspects and functions of smart meter. It also presents different policies and current statuses as well as future projects and objectives of SG development in several countries.

Then the thesis compares main aspects about latest products of smart meter from different companies.

Lastly, three types of prediction models are established in MATLAB to emulate the functions of smart grid in the short-term …

New Approaches To Smart Grid Security With Scada Systems, Bixiang Tang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The use of information technology in electric power grid introduces the vulnerability problem looming the future smart grid. The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)is the first defense, which itself is undermined by potential malicious attacks. This dissertation studies two particular security threats facing the smart grid and SCADA systems: the unobservable attack and the replay attack. The former is well known in fault detection of the power grid and has received renewed interest in the past a few years, while the latter is motivated by the Stuxnet worm allegedly used against the nuclear facilities in Iran. For unobservable attacks, …

Measurement Of Working, Reflected, And Detrimental Active Power In A Three Phase System, Tracy Toups

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Study of the decomposition of the active power into composite components with respects to power industry economics namely, working active power, reflected active power, and detrimental active power. The working active energy is considered the permanent flow of useful energy to the load that results in deliberate heat, lighting, or torque on the motor shaft. The reflected active energy is the extra component of active energy originating from the load and dissipates on the supply impedance that does not contribute to useful energy. Lastly, detrimental active energy is the flow of harmonic energy from the supply to the load due …

Enabling Sustainable Power Distribution Networks By Using Smart Grid Communications, Chun-Hao Lo

Dissertations

Smart grid modernization enables integration of computing, information and communications capabilities into the legacy electric power grid system, especially the low voltage distribution networks where various consumers are located. The evolutionary paradigm has initiated worldwide deployment of an enormous number of smart meters as well as renewable energy sources at end-user levels. The future distribution networks as part of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) will involve decentralized power control operations under associated smart grid communications networks. This dissertation addresses three potential problems anticipated in the future distribution networks of smart grid: 1) local power congestion due to power surpluses produced by …