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Electrical and Computer Engineering

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1988

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Free Carrier Density Profiling By Scanning Infrared Absorption, Jack L. Boone, Michael D. Shaw, Gene Cantwell, William C. Harsch Dec 1988

Free Carrier Density Profiling By Scanning Infrared Absorption, Jack L. Boone, Michael D. Shaw, Gene Cantwell, William C. Harsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A prototype instrument for making contactless measurements of free carrier concentration as a function of the surface coordinates has been developed. The instrument requires minimal sample preparation, and the measurements are nondestructive. Measurements are based upon the free carrier absorption of photons at a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The measurement sensitivity is determined by the ability to resolve small variations in the transmitted wave. These variations can be significantly influenced by changes in sample thickness. A scheme has been devised which eliminates thickness variations by rotating the sample through small angles to achieve a transmission maximum at each data point. …


Variable Angle Spectroscopic Magneto-Optics And Ellipsometry: Application To Dyco Multilayers, Thomas E. Tiwald, William A. Mcgahan, Z. S. Shan, Alan M. Massengale, John A. Woollam Nov 1988

Variable Angle Spectroscopic Magneto-Optics And Ellipsometry: Application To Dyco Multilayers, Thomas E. Tiwald, William A. Mcgahan, Z. S. Shan, Alan M. Massengale, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we describe the adaptation of a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer (VASE) to magneto-optic measurements covering 3000–8000 Å, and 0 to ±8 kOe. Second, we describe application of VASE to determine Kerr rotation and ellipticity for a series of Dy/Co multilayers prepared by sputter deposition. We report spectroscopic ellipsometric and Kerr effect results for samples exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, since these are relevant as magneto-optic recording media.


Mulch: A Multi-Layer Channel Router Using One, Two, And Three Layer Partitions, Ronald I. Greenberg, Alex T. Ishii, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Nov 1988

Mulch: A Multi-Layer Channel Router Using One, Two, And Three Layer Partitions, Ronald I. Greenberg, Alex T. Ishii, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Chameleon, a channel router for three layers of interconnect, has been implemented to accept specification of an arbitrary number of layers. Chameleon is based on a strategy of decomposing the multilayer problem into two- and three-layer problems in which one of the layers is reserved primarily for vertical wire runs and the other layer(s) for horizontal runs. In some situations, however, it is advantageous to consider also layers that allow the routing of entire nets, using both horizontal and vertical wires. MulCh is a multilayer channel router that extends the algorithms of Chameleon in this direction. MulCh can route channels …


Thin-Film Hermeticity: A Quantitative Analysis Of Diamond-Like Carbon Using Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, S. Orzeszko, Bhola N. De, John A. Woollam, John J. Pouch, Samuel A. Alterovitz, David C. Ingram Oct 1988

Thin-Film Hermeticity: A Quantitative Analysis Of Diamond-Like Carbon Using Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, S. Orzeszko, Bhola N. De, John A. Woollam, John J. Pouch, Samuel A. Alterovitz, David C. Ingram

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we report on the successful application of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry to quantitative thin-film hermeticity evaluation. Secondly, it is shown that under a variety of film preparations and moisture introduction conditions water penetrates only a very thin diamondlike carbon (DLC) top surface-roughness region. Thus DLC is an excellent candidate for use as protective coatings in adverse chemical and aqueous environments.


Variable Angle Of Incidence Spectroscopic Ellipsometric Characterization Of Tio2/Ag/Tio2 Optical Coatings, Kazem Memarzadeh, John A. Woollam, Abe Belkind Oct 1988

Variable Angle Of Incidence Spectroscopic Ellipsometric Characterization Of Tio2/Ag/Tio2 Optical Coatings, Kazem Memarzadeh, John A. Woollam, Abe Belkind

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Optical constants (3000–8000 Å) and layer thicknesses of TiO2/Ag/TiO2 optical coatings are determined using variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry. Ellipsometrically determined silver layer thicknesses agree well with those obtained by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Also, spectral characteristics, absent in bulk silver data, are observed in n and k spectra for the thin silver layers. It is suggested that these structures may be caused by plasmon effects from the silver layers.


Reflectance Of An Absorbing Substrate For Incident Light Of Arbitrary Polarization: Appearance Of A Secondary Maximum At Oblique Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam, A. M. El-Saba Oct 1988

Reflectance Of An Absorbing Substrate For Incident Light Of Arbitrary Polarization: Appearance Of A Secondary Maximum At Oblique Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam, A. M. El-Saba

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The reflectance of an absorbing substrate Rθ(ɸ) is considered as a function of the angle of incidence ϕ and an incident polarization parameter θ, where cos2θ and sin2θ give the power fractions of incident radiation that are p-and s-polarized, respectively. Taking GaAs as an example, we find that at certain wavelengths (e.g., 0.248 and 0.620 µm), the Rθ vs ɸ curve becomes oscillatory in a narrow range of θ > 45° with an unexpected secondary maximum appearing at oblique incidence. The extrema of the function Rθ(ɸ) are determined numerically, and their angular …


Division-Of-Wave-Front Thin-Film Beam Splitter For Generating Binary Patterns Of Orthogonal Elliptical Polarization States, R. M.A. Azzam Sep 1988

Division-Of-Wave-Front Thin-Film Beam Splitter For Generating Binary Patterns Of Orthogonal Elliptical Polarization States, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

A division-of-wave-front thin-film beam splitter is described that reflects monochromatic light at oblique incidence with orthogonal elliptical polarization states. It consists of a metallic substrate partially covered with a transparent thin film that inverts the ratio ρ of the complex p and s reflection coefficients at the principal angle of the metal. Any pattern of coated and uncoated areas of the substrate is imprinted upon the reflected wave front as a corresponding two-dimensional spatial binary polarization pattern. A specific design is given that uses a Au substrate at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The effects of small errors in the …


Thin-Film Devices For Polarized Light- Introduction, R. M.A. Azzam, William H. Southwell Sep 1988

Thin-Film Devices For Polarized Light- Introduction, R. M.A. Azzam, William H. Southwell

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Estimation Of X-Band Scattering Properties Of Tree Components, David E. Pitts, Gautam D. Badhwar, Eddie Reyna, R. Zoughi, Linkim Wu, Richard K. Moore Sep 1988

Estimation Of X-Band Scattering Properties Of Tree Components, David E. Pitts, Gautam D. Badhwar, Eddie Reyna, R. Zoughi, Linkim Wu, Richard K. Moore

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An X-band FM-CW very fine range resolution scatterometer was used to acquire backscattering data for individual branches for a number of tree species. Using a model to describe the scattering source function, dσ/dR = f(η, κ), and an experimental procedure for selected removal of plant parts, allows the estimation of η, the volume backscatter coefficient, and κ, the volume extinction coefficient. It is found that 1) leaves are strong attenuators as well as scatterers, 2) the albedo, ω = η/κ, at a given angle of incidence, is nearly independent of the tree type, 3) the tree …


Measurements Of Radar Backscatter From An Artificial Tree An Indication Of Azimuthal Variations And Polarisation Sensitivity Of Trees, Richard K. Moore, M. S. Osman, R. Zoughi Sep 1988

Measurements Of Radar Backscatter From An Artificial Tree An Indication Of Azimuthal Variations And Polarisation Sensitivity Of Trees, Richard K. Moore, M. S. Osman, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements of radar backscatter from an artificial tree were made in the laboratory at 6 and 10 GHz at horizontal incidence. The system has resolution cylinder 18 cm in diameter and 11 cm long. The tree itself was only 30.5 cm high so about half the tree was within the beam. The scattering was azimuthally uniform. Tilted polarizations gave results favoring an angle corresponding with that of the branches. Measurements were made with and without leaves.


Extrema Of The Magnitude And The Phase Of A Complex Function Of A Real Variable: Application To Attenuated Internal Reflection, R. M.A. Azzam Aug 1988

Extrema Of The Magnitude And The Phase Of A Complex Function Of A Real Variable: Application To Attenuated Internal Reflection, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

Given a complex function F(ω) = |F(ω)|exp[jΔ(ω)] of a real argument ω, the extrema of its magnitude |F(ω)| and its phase Δ(ω), as functions of ω, are determined simultaneously by finding the roots of one common equation, Im[G(ω)] = 0, where G= (F′/F)2 and F′ = ∂F/∂ω. The extrema of |F| and Δ are associated with Re G < 0 and Re G > 0, respectively. This easy-to-prove theorem has a wide range of applications in physical optics. We consider attenuated internal reflection (AIR) as …


Physical Mechanism Of Triggering In Trigatron Spark Gaps, F. E. Peterkin, P. F. Williams Jul 1988

Physical Mechanism Of Triggering In Trigatron Spark Gaps, F. E. Peterkin, P. F. Williams

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

Since the first trigatron spark gap was described by J. D. Craggs, M. E. Haine, and J. M. Meek [J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 93A, 963 (1946)], there has been controversy about the physical mechanism responsible for triggering the devices. In this letter we present experimental evidence that directly shows the sequence of physical events responsible for triggering in the gap we studied, and we present a model for trigatron triggering based on this information. We believe this model to be general and discuss it in light of existing literature. We briefly discuss the implications of the model for the engineering …


The Lunar Date Of Ramesses Ii, Lee W. Casperson Jul 1988

The Lunar Date Of Ramesses Ii, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Due largely to the efforts of R. A. Parker, the various calendars used in Egypt are now fairly well understood. Dates which the Egyptians expressed in both their civil and lunar calendars can sometimes be determined exactly, and the study of such dates has been extremely important in efforts to establish an accurate Egyptian chronology. However, the successful use of this method obviously depends on one's ability to reconstruct accurately the astronomical and observational conditions on which the lunar calendar was based. The author re-examined the methods used to calculate lunar dates and have suggested some ways in which those …


A 100-Khz - 22 Ghz Instrumentation Photoreceiver, Dennis J. Derickson, C. M. Miller, R. L. Van Tuyl May 1988

A 100-Khz - 22 Ghz Instrumentation Photoreceiver, Dennis J. Derickson, C. M. Miller, R. L. Van Tuyl

Electrical Engineering

A photoreceiver consisting of a high-speed p-i-n photodetector and a 100-kHz to 22-GHz distributed amplifier is described. Photoreceiver calibration is accomplished by optical heterodyne techniques. The photoreceiver is used with a microwave spectrum analyzer to produce a fully amplitude-calibrated 22-GHz-bandwidth lightwave signal analyzer system for displaying intensity-modulated light with -65-dB (optical) sensitivity at 1300-nm and 1550-nm wavelengths.


Digital Optical Iterative Pattern Recognizer, Samuel Peter Kozaitis, C. S. Kischuk May 1988

Digital Optical Iterative Pattern Recognizer, Samuel Peter Kozaitis, C. S. Kischuk

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

An optical pattern recognizer which classifies an input sequence into one of two classes is described. The language of regular expressions is used to identify a set of input sequences to be recognized. The system is realized without memory elements by using an optical iterative array it with the method of symbolic substitution. The hardware must be able to implement arbitrary and multiple substitution rules for the general design of a pattern recognizer. © 1988 SPIE


General Analysis And Optimization Of The Four-Detector Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam, I. M. Elminyawi, A. M. El-Saba May 1988

General Analysis And Optimization Of The Four-Detector Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam, I. M. Elminyawi, A. M. El-Saba

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) is analyzed for an arbitrary spatial configuration and any reflection characteristics (ri, ψi, Δi) of the first three detectors. The instrument matrix A, which relates the output signal vector I to the input Stokes vector S by I = AS, and its determinant are derived explicitly. The essential condition that A be nonsingular (det A ≠ 0) is satisfied in general with uncoated absorbing detector surfaces, assuming that the plane of incidence (POI) is rotated between successive reflections by other than 90°. Therefore no special coatings on …


On Purely Exponential Logic Queries, Kazem Taghva, Tian-Zheng Wu May 1988

On Purely Exponential Logic Queries, Kazem Taghva, Tian-Zheng Wu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

The recursive nature of logic programs has long been the subject of optimization techniques [2, 8]. Recently, the database community has taken interest in extending the expressive power of relational algebra by augmenting it with function-free Horn style logic queries. This extension has led to various optimization techniques [2, 6, 8]. It seems, almost invariably, these techniques are most efficient in the processing of linear recursive queries. Moreover, as the equivalence of nonlinear rules to linear rules in general is undecidable [3, 9], the best one can hope is to rewrite some nonlinear rules as linear rules. For this reason, …


Spectral Behavior And Pulse Train Instabilities Of A Synchronously Pumped Mode-Locked Dye Laser, Duncan Leo Macfarlane, Lee W. Casperson, Anthony A. Tovar May 1988

Spectral Behavior And Pulse Train Instabilities Of A Synchronously Pumped Mode-Locked Dye Laser, Duncan Leo Macfarlane, Lee W. Casperson, Anthony A. Tovar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The pulse-train envelope of a synchronously pumped mode-locked dye laser has been experimentally studied as a function of cavity length detuning. When a bandwidth-limiting birefringent tuning filter is included and the cavity is adjusted to the length that yields optimally short (˜2-psec) pulse, there is a slow (≤800 kHz), erratic amplitude modulation that provides a 20% variation in pulse energies. As the cavity length is detuned on the order of one part in 10⁴, the modulation vanishes, but the individual pulse lengths increade dramtically. Further detuning results in a clean periodic envelope with a 20% modulation depth and a˜5-μsec period. …


Spontaneous Coherent Pulsations In Standing-Wave Laser Oscillators, Lee W. Casperson May 1988

Spontaneous Coherent Pulsations In Standing-Wave Laser Oscillators, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Spontaneous pulsation phenomena in xenon lasers are now well known, and related effects have been observed with other laser types. Most theoretical analyses of such pulsations are formulated for unidirectional ring lasers, whereas most experiments involve standing-wave resonator geometries. Described here are rigorous semiclassical models governing the spontaneous pulsation instability in standing-wave laser oscillators. The standing-wave results are more complex and closer to experimental observations than the ring results for operation in the Lambdip region near line center.


Modal Interference Techniques For Strain Detection In Few-Mode Optical Fibers, Bradley D. Duncan Apr 1988

Modal Interference Techniques For Strain Detection In Few-Mode Optical Fibers, Bradley D. Duncan

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

Interference between the modes of an optical fiber results in specific intensity patterns which can be modulated as a function of disturbances in the optical fiber system. These modulation effects are a direct result of the difference in propagation constants of the constituent modes. In this presentation it is shown how the modulated intensity patterns created by the interference of specific mode groups in few-mode optical fibers (V < 5.0) can be used to detect strain. A detailed discussion of the modal phenomena responsible for the observed strain induced pattern modulation is given and it is shown that strain detection sensitivities on the order of 10-9 can be expected. Data taken during the evaluation of an actual experimental strain detection system based on the developed theory is also presented.


Photodetector Arrangement For Measuring The State Of Polarization Of Light, Rasheed M.A. Azzam Feb 1988

Photodetector Arrangement For Measuring The State Of Polarization Of Light, Rasheed M.A. Azzam

University of New Orleans Patents

An apparatus and method for the measurement of at least one parameter of the state of polarization of a light beam is described. The apparatus includes only a photo detector and no other optical elements. Thedetector surface is partially specularly re?ecting and intercepts the light beam at an oblique angle of incidence. The absorbed fraction of incident radiation produces a cor responding electrical output signal that is detected and from which the at least one parameter of the state of polarization can be determined; The detector may also be rotated to modulate the electrical output signal to determine the elliptic …


Evidence For Band-Gap Narrowing Effects In Be-Doped, P-P+ Gaas Homojunction Barriers, H. L. Chuang, Paul David Demoulin, M. E. Klausmeier-Brown, Michael R. Melloch, Mark S. Lundstrom Jan 1988

Evidence For Band-Gap Narrowing Effects In Be-Doped, P-P+ Gaas Homojunction Barriers, H. L. Chuang, Paul David Demoulin, M. E. Klausmeier-Brown, Michael R. Melloch, Mark S. Lundstrom

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The electrical performance of Be‐doped, pp+ GaAs homojunction barriers is characterized and analyzed. The results of the analysis show that minority‐carrier electrons, at 300 K, have a mobility of 4760 cm2/V s at a hole concentration of 2.3×1016 cm−3, and that the effective recombination velocity for these homojunction barriers is about 6×104 cm/s. We present evidence that this unexpectedly high recombination velocity is a consequence of an effective reduction in band gap due to the heavy impurity doping. The effective band‐gap shrinkage in this Be‐doped material grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy appears to be comparable to that already …


Effects Of Heavy Impurity Doping On Electron Injection In P+-N Gaas Diodes, M. E. Klausmeier-Brown, Mark S. Lundstrom, Michael R. Melloch, S. P. Tobin Jan 1988

Effects Of Heavy Impurity Doping On Electron Injection In P+-N Gaas Diodes, M. E. Klausmeier-Brown, Mark S. Lundstrom, Michael R. Melloch, S. P. Tobin

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Measurements of electron injection currents in p+‐n diodes are presented for a range of p‐type dopant concentrations. A successive etch technique was used to characterize the electron injection current in terms of the product (noDn). Measurements are presented for Zn‐doped GaAs solar cells with p‐layer hole concentrations in the range 6.3×1017−1.3×1019 cm−3. The results demonstrate that so‐called band‐gap narrowing effects substantially increase the injected electron current in heavily doped p‐type GaAs. These heavy doping effects must be accounted for in the modeling and design of GaAs solar cells and heterostructure …


Architectural Considerations For Photonic Switching Networks, Harvard S. Hinton Jan 1988

Architectural Considerations For Photonic Switching Networks, Harvard S. Hinton

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Photonic technologies are reviewed that could become important components of future telecommunication systems. Photonic devices and systems are divided into two classes according to the function they perform. The first class, relational, refers to devices, that map the input channels to the output channels under external control. The second class, logic, perform some type or combination of Boolean logic functions. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of operating in the photonic domain are presented. Relational devices and their applications are discussed. Optical logic devices and their potential applications are reviewed.


Simulation Of Communication Systems Using Personal Computers, William H. Tranter, Carl R. Ryan Jan 1988

Simulation Of Communication Systems Using Personal Computers, William H. Tranter, Carl R. Ryan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microcomputer simulation provides a powerful tool for computer-aided design and analysis of communication systems and requires a minimum of investment. Two different simulation examples are presented: a fixed topology simulation program for digital data links written in Pascal; and a simulation of an analog link using Fortran. These examples are followed by a consideration of the new 32-bit single-board computers and their potential impact on microcomputer simulation. © 1988 IEEE


New Directions In Subband Coding, Y. Shoham, Steven L. Grant, N. Seshadri, R. V. Cox, S. R. Quackenbush, N. S. Jayant Jan 1988

New Directions In Subband Coding, Y. Shoham, Steven L. Grant, N. Seshadri, R. V. Cox, S. R. Quackenbush, N. S. Jayant

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two very different subband coders are described. The first is a modified dynamic bit-allocation-subband coder (D-SBC) designed for variable rate coding situations and easily adaptable to noisy channel environments. It can operate at rates as low as 12 kb/s and still give good quality speech. The second coder is a 16-kb/s waveform coder, based on a combination of subband coding and vector quantization (VQ-SBC). The key feature of this coder is its short coding delay, which makes it suitable for real-time communication networks. The speech quality of both coders has been enhanced by adaptive postfiltering. The coders have been implemented …


Simulation Of Photovoltaic Power Systems And Their Performance Prediction, S. Rahman, Badrul H. Chowdhury Jan 1988

Simulation Of Photovoltaic Power Systems And Their Performance Prediction, S. Rahman, Badrul H. Chowdhury

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A number of photovoltaic (PV) performance-analysis models are tested for their ability to estimate the AC power output and validated against historical observations from a PV test facility. A method to estimate meteorological parameters is developed for use in PV performance models for predicting future AC power output from a PV test site. Twelve such PV performance models are examined, and the PVFORM system analysis program and lifetime cost and performance models are extensively tested. These two models are tested using the typical meteorological year and the VPI model-generated estimates of long-term data. Performance prediction results are compared against actual …


A Bulk Optically Controlled Semiconductor Switch, Rudolf K.F. Germer, Karl H. Schoenbach, Stephen G.E. Pronko Jan 1988

A Bulk Optically Controlled Semiconductor Switch, Rudolf K.F. Germer, Karl H. Schoenbach, Stephen G.E. Pronko

Bioelectrics Publications

Turn‐on and turn‐off of bulk semiconductor switches, based on excitation and quenching of photoconductivity, respectively, have been demonstrated with copper‐doped II‐VI semiconductor crystals. The increase of the conductivity (turn‐on) was realized with a xenon flash‐lamp pulse of 15‐μs duration. A reduction of the conductivity (turn‐off) was obtained by irradiating the samples with IR light using an 8‐ns Nd:YAG laser pulse (YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet). For turn‐on in CdS:Cu the conductivity follows the xenon flash excitation. The turn‐off time constant was 250 ns. ZnS and ZnSe crystals showed a slower response. A memory effect for the IR light was observed.


Linear State Variable Dynamic Model And Estimator Design For Allison 1406 Gas Turbine Engine, Vittal S. Rao, D. Moellenhoff, J. A. Jaeger Jan 1988

Linear State Variable Dynamic Model And Estimator Design For Allison 1406 Gas Turbine Engine, Vittal S. Rao, D. Moellenhoff, J. A. Jaeger

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes a procedure for developing a State Variable Model for the Allison T406 gas turbine engine. This linear model is useful for designing controllers using modern control techniques. The engine and V-22 rotor system is modeled around an operating point by using four state variables and one input variable. For a given power setting, it is observed that two linear models are sufficient to represent the engine dynamics over the entire flight envelope. A relationship between surge margin and the state variables is also developed. It is demonstrated that these linear models are useful in designing an estimator …


Distribution Automation For The Association Of Missouri Electric Cooperatives—A Statewide Evaluation Of Load Management, Jack F. Morris, Frank J. Kern Jan 1988

Distribution Automation For The Association Of Missouri Electric Cooperatives—A Statewide Evaluation Of Load Management, Jack F. Morris, Frank J. Kern

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Presented is an in-depth technical and economic feasibility study utilizing one- and two-way management systems for statewide load control and distribution automation. Included are 1) an evaluation of the generation and transmission load patterns of the state cooperatives and the determination of the amount of controllable load for use by a load management system, 2) an in-depth economic cost-benefit study as a result of implementing a load management system on a statewide basis, 3) communication alternatives for implementing the statewide load management and distribution automation system, 4) an investigation into using an existing statewide microwave communications system for direct load …