Engineering Commons^™

Underwater Source Localization Based On Modal Propagation And Acoustic Signal Processing, Luca Saeid

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Acoustic localization plays a pivotal role in underwater vehicle systems and marine mammal detection. Previous efforts adopt synchronized arrays of sensors to extract some features like direction of arrival (DOA) or time of flight (TOF) from the received signal. However, installing and synchronizing several hydrophones over a large area is costly and challenging. To tackle this problem, we use a single-hydrophone localization system which relies on acoustic signal processing methods rather than multiple hydrophones. This system takes modal dispersion into consideration and estimates the distance between sound source and receiver (range) based on dispersion curves. It is shown that the …

Performance Evaluation Of Iot Protocols For Environment Monitoring, Nishat Sultana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For the last few decades, environmental pollution has created adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The pollutant of natural origin or man-made may cause diseases, allergies, and widespread damages to humans, animals, and food crops. The environmental issues could be generated by pollution of all kinds, i.e. air pollution, water pollution, and climate changes. For example, the wildfires incidents in Canada have a massive influence on air pollution since the caused devastation has increased significantly over the past years.

An environmental surveillance and monitoring system can be an effective tool to minimize the concern. However, developing a system for …

Performance Analysis And Improvement Of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy For Online Estimation Of Battery Parameters, Marzieh Abaspour Ghadi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Battery internal impedance measurement is of great importance for a battery management system, which is tasked with ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of a battery pack. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an active method of estimating battery impedance parameters, where an excitation signal spanning a wide frequency spectrum is applied to the battery to measure its response. Even though the EIS approach is accurate and reliable, it is limited to laboratory experiments due to its dependence on high-precision measurement systems. In order to benefit from the EIS approach in real-time applications, e.g., the battery management system of an electric …

Microstrip Array Antenna For Wireless Power Transfer, Sahereh Sahandabadi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, a triangular microstrip patch antenna is used to transfer wireless power at 2.4 GHz. First, the simple patch antenna is studied and its performance is investigated. Then, the new design is introduced to boost the efficiency and transmission coefficient of the simple patch antenna. Since the simple patch aimed to operate at 2.4GHz, its dimension is optimized to be 56mm with a reflection coefficient of -28.2 dB at the resonance frequency. An identical patch acting as a receiver is then placed in a 50mm distance to the main patch acting as a transmitter to enable us to …

Data Imputation Using Differential Dependency And Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming, Mohammadreza Safi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Missing or incomplete data is a serious problem when it comes to collecting and analyzing data for forecasting, estimating, and decision making. Since data quality is so important in machine learning and its results, in most cases data imputation is much more appropriate than ignoring them. Missing data imputation is often based on considering equality, similarity, or distance of neighbors. Researchers use different approaches for neighbors' equalities or similarities. Every approach has its advantages and limitations. Instead of equality, some researchers use inequalities together with a few relationships or similarity rules. In this thesis, after recalling some basic imputation methods, …

Cognitive Load Estimation Using Heart Rate Variability Measures For Driver Monitoring Systems, Safoura Kavousi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The society of automotive engineers define six levels of automation in vehicles from Level-0 (no automation) to Level-5 (full automation). Until the Level-5 automation is achieved, driver monitoring systems play a major role in road safety in partially automated vehicles. A driver monitoring system uses sensors to extract various psychophysiological measurements from the driver in order to monitor their readiness to safely operate the vehicle. Some driver monitoring systems use webcam type cameras to extract various features related to the alertness of the driver, such as, head-pose patterns, eye-closing patterns, and facial features. The use of physiological features such as …

Hardware In The Loop Design And Evaluation Of Battery Management Algorithms, Joan Anibal Benitez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Batteries are one of the most used and viable energy storage systems that we use nowadays due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact. Today, batteries are the most important elements in the transportation industry and the electronic development field. To maximize battery performance and extend battery life, it is important to have a Battery fuel gauge (BFG) that accurately tracks its State of Charge (SOC), that consequently helps estimate the equivalent circuit model (ECM), and have its parameters estimated by the battery management system. Without accurate ECM modeling and parameter estimation it is not possible to have an …

Development Of A Novel Quartz Crystal Microbalance Based On Distribution Of Mass Loading Area For Improving Mass Sensitivity, Siddharth Swaminathan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The growing concerns regarding atmospheric toxins and their detrimental effects on life establishes the necessity to identify and monitor them. Environmental monitoring demonstrates an effective method to controlling the impact of atmospheric pollutants using gas sensors. The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one such device which has been widely used for detecting microgram level mass changes in gas and liquid phase. In this research a novel approach to designing QCM electrode configurations based on distributing the mass loading area to improve the mass sensitivity is proposed. Conventional QCM designs comprise a circular electrode configuration with an evenly distributed mass loading …

Approaches For Eye-Tracking While Reading, Xiaohao Sun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we developed an algorithm to detect the correct line being read by participants. The comparisons of the reading line classification algorithms are demonstrated using eye-tracking data collected from a realistic reading experiment in front of a low-cost desktop-mounted eye-tracker. With the development of eye-tracking techniques, research begins to aim at trying to understand information from the eyes. However, state of the art in eye-tracking applications is affected by a large amount of measurement noise. Even the expensive eye-trackers still suffer significant noise. In addition, the inherent characteristics of gaze movement increase the difficulty of obtaining valuable information …

Optimization Of Chemical Compositions Of Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Sr Alloys With High Strengths And Electrical Conductivities, Yuxian Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mechanical strengths and electrical conductivity are the very important engineering properties of lightweight metallic materials used in the automotive industry, especially for battery-powered electric vehicles (BEV). However, the main issue is that high strength and high electrical conductivity are mutually exclusive due to physical nature of these properties. The aim of this study is to develop new cast aluminum alloys for the production of rotor bar in the rotor with high as-cast strength and electrical conductivity. A design of experiment (DOE) technique, Taguchi method, was used to develop high as-cast strength and electrical conductivity alloys with various element addition of …

Design And Implementation Of Low Power Sram Using Highly Effective Lever Shifters, Neda Rezaei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The explosive growth of battery-operated devices has made low-power design a priority in recent years. In high-performance Systems-on-Chip, leakage power consumption has become comparable to the dynamic component, and its relevance increases as technology scales. These trends are even more evident for SRAM memory devices since they are a dominant source of standby power consumption in low-power application processors. The on-die SRAM power consumption is particularly important for increasingly pervasive mobile and handheld applications where battery life is a key design and technology attribute. In the SRAM-memory design, SRAM cells also comprise the most significant portion of the total chip. …

The Impact Of High Voltage Electrode Diameter On Spark Discharge Process, Jiaming Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ever-growing demands to meet the exhaust emission regulations and fuel economy requirements, drive the development of modern spark ignition (SI) engines towards lean or diluted conditions at boosted intake pressure and with intensified charge motions. Boosted in-cylinder pressure conditions require additional energy to initiate the spark discharge, thereby challenging the ignition system. Additionally, the geometry of the spark plug has a profound influence on the spark discharge characteristics. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of high voltage electrode diameter on breakdown voltage and equivalent spark gap resistance at elevated background pressures (1-25 bar abs.). …

Development Of A Pneumatically Controllable Microdroplet Generator With Electrical Sensing, Gnanesh Nagesh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Microfluidic droplet generation is popular in lab-on-a-chip based biochemical analysis because it can provide precise and high throughput fluids in the form of small droplets. This thesis presents a T-junction microdroplet generator with pneumatic actuation for regulating droplet size and a capacitance-based sensor with real-time sensing capability for characterizing droplet composition and size. The multi-layer device developed in this thesis is compatible with rapid manufacturing using a desktop-based laser cutter to fabricate the fluidic and pneumatic layers. A finite element based numerical model was developed to predict the best operating and geometric parameters for droplet generation. It was revealed that …

Novel Approaches To Cognitive Load Estimation In Automated Driving Systems, Prarthana Pillai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Automation has become indispensable in all walks of everyday life. In driving environments, Automated Driving Systems (ADS) aid the driver by reducing the required workload and by improving road safety. However, the present-day ADS requires the human driver to remain vigilant at all times and be ready to take over whenever the driving task requires. Thus, continuous monitoring of the drivers is important for adopting ADS. Such monitoring can be done in ADS by measuring the cognitive load experienced by the drivers. Studies show various methods to estimate cognitive load, however, the state of the art in cognitive load estimation, …

Development And Implementation Of Novel Intelligent Motor Control For Performance Enhancement Of Pmsm Drive In Electrified Vehicle Application, Soumava Bhattacharjee

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The demand for electrified vehicles has grown significantly over the last decade causing a shift in the automotive industry from traditional gasoline vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). With the growing evolution of EVs, high power density, and high efficiency of electric powertrains (e–drive) are of the utmost need to achieve an extended driving range. However, achieving an extended driving range with enhanced e-drive performance is still a bottleneck.

The control algorithm of e–drive plays a vital role in its performance and reliability over time. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) based intelligent control methods have proven their continued success …

Underwater Pipeline Leakage Detection Using Vision Based Techniques: Semi-Auv (Sauv) Approach, Anisha Alkarim Thobhani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis intends to convert a Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) to a Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (SAUV) using a vision-based control system. The SAUV was used for automatic underwater gas pipeline tracking and leakage detection. the leakages in the pipeline using Computer Vision. The SAUV was designed to operate both manually and automatically in underwater conditions. The proposed SAUV has 6 thrusters to achieve 4 degrees of freedom controlled by the controller unit and powered by LiPo battery packs. Our underwater vehicle is equipped with sensors providing continuous feedback signals to automatically control the vehicle to track predefined trajectories. The SAUV …