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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Comparative Study Of Yokeless And Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux Pm Machine Topologies For Electric Traction, Narges Taran, David Klink, Greg Heins, Vandana Rallabandi, Dean Patterson, Dan M. Ionel
A Comparative Study Of Yokeless And Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux Pm Machine Topologies For Electric Traction, Narges Taran, David Klink, Greg Heins, Vandana Rallabandi, Dean Patterson, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This article systematically compares two axial flux permanent magnet machines designed for a university student racing car application: a double-rotor single-stator yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) structure, and a single-stator single-rotor configuration. Both machines are optimized for minimum loss and active weight using three-dimensional finite element analysis and the highest performing candidate designs are compared in more detail. The studies indicate that the benefits offered by the YASA configuration over the single-stator single-rotor machine are achieved only for specific designs that are heavier. For the design space with lower mass, albeit with increased losses, the Pareto front designs overlap. In …
Virtual Power Plant Control For Large Residential Communities Using Hvac Systems For Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Andrew G. Frye, Donald G. Colliver, Dan M. Ionel
Virtual Power Plant Control For Large Residential Communities Using Hvac Systems For Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Andrew G. Frye, Donald G. Colliver, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems use the most electricity of any household appliance in residential communities. HVAC system modeling facilitates the study of demand response (DR) at both the residential and power system levels. In this article, the equivalent thermal model of a reference house is proposed. Parameters for the reference house were determined based on the systematic study of experimental data obtained from fully instrumented field demonstrators. Energy storage capacity of HVAC systems is calculated and an equivalent state-of-charge is defined. The uniformity between HVAC systems and battery energy storage system is demonstrated by DR control. The aggregated …
Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Coreless Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Wave Winding Pcb Stators, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Greg Heins, Dan M. Ionel
Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Coreless Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Wave Winding Pcb Stators, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Greg Heins, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper presents a systematic design optimization and experimental study of coreless axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with wave winding printed circuit board (PCB) stators. Existing PCB winding configurations are briefly reviewed and compared to serve as a performance reference. A new concept –the “macro coil”– is proposed to model PCB stator windings in 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to facilitate large-scale multi-objective optimization with the winding eddy current losses evaluated in each design candidate. The detailed trace-by-trace model for a selected optimal design is then built to check the voltage difference between parallel paths and the resulting circulating currents. …
On The Modeling Of Bearing Voltage And Current In Pwm Converter-Fed Electric Machines Using Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis, Peng Han, Yibin Zhang, Murat G. Kesgin, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Thiele, Dan M. Ionel
On The Modeling Of Bearing Voltage And Current In Pwm Converter-Fed Electric Machines Using Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis, Peng Han, Yibin Zhang, Murat G. Kesgin, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Thiele, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Bearing voltages and resulting currents in electric machines driven by PWM converters with fast switching and high dv/dt can cause premature bearing failures. With the transition from conventional Si devices to wide bandgap (WBG) devices and increase in switching frequency, bearing voltages and currents become more significant and need to be addressed from the early design stage. This paper proposes to use coupled field-circuit electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) to model bearing voltage and current in electric machines, which takes into account the influence of distributed winding conductors and frequency-dependent winding RL parameters. The three known bearing current types are …
Design Optimization Of A Very High Power Density Motor With A Reluctance Rotor And A Modular Stator Having Pms And Toroidal Windings, Peng Han, Murat G. Kesgin, Dan M. Ionel, Rohan Gosalia, Nakul Shah, Charles J. Flynn, Chandra Sekhar Goli, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Design Optimization Of A Very High Power Density Motor With A Reluctance Rotor And A Modular Stator Having Pms And Toroidal Windings, Peng Han, Murat G. Kesgin, Dan M. Ionel, Rohan Gosalia, Nakul Shah, Charles J. Flynn, Chandra Sekhar Goli, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper proposes a new high power density permanent magnet (PM) motor design for traction applications to achieve the 50kW/L target set by the US Department of Energy by increasing the torque capability and operating speed compared to conventional PM machine topologies. A large-scale multi-objective design optimization based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA) and differential evolution algorithm was conducted to achieve the best trade-off among high efficiency, high power density and high power factor. The torque-speed envelopes are also checked for the Pareto front designs to make sure they have a constant power speed ratio of at least 3:1. …
Generalized Energy Storage Model-In-The-Loop Suitable For Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan M. Ionel
Generalized Energy Storage Model-In-The-Loop Suitable For Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The paper proposes a generalized energy storage (GES) model for battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric water heaters (EWH) and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The analogies, including state of charge versus water temperature differential, are identified and explained, and models-in-the-loop (MIL) are introduced, which are compatible with the Energy Star and CTA-2045 general specifications and command types. Emphasis is placed on the proposed EWH model as it needfully fulfills a gap in present literature. The corresponding MIL has been implemented in the DER integration testbed, which was originally developed by EPRI, and satisfactorily validated against experimental results. A …
Power Factor And Reactive Power In Us Residences – Survey And Energyplus Modeling, Hope C. Anderson, Abdullah Al Hadi, Evan S. Jones, Dan M. Ionel
Power Factor And Reactive Power In Us Residences – Survey And Energyplus Modeling, Hope C. Anderson, Abdullah Al Hadi, Evan S. Jones, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Electric power systems are experiencing a growing number of electronic loads in the residential sector as modern appliance technology progresses, and it has become increasingly more important to consider the total power factor (PF) of residential communities. This paper provides a survey based on literature and publicly available information of typical appliance PF values and effects at the residential level as well as a discussion on appliance energy use and corresponding operation schedules. A procedure for the calculation of equivalent PF is proposed and exemplified with minutely experimental data at 15-minute and hourly time intervals, which correspond to smart metering …
Aggregated Generic Load Curve For Residential Electric Water Heaters, Huangjie Gong, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Tim Rooney, Brian T. Branecky, Dan M. Ionel
Aggregated Generic Load Curve For Residential Electric Water Heaters, Huangjie Gong, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Tim Rooney, Brian T. Branecky, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Advanced control techniques may be used to regulate the operation of residential appliances to establish a virtual power plant. The electric water heater may be regarded as a “uni-directional battery” and a major component of a hybrid residential energy storage system. One of the main constraints of implementing demand response with EWH relates to the unpredictable customer behavior, which influences the domestic water tank temperature as well as the EWH operation cycle. This study analyzes the operation of multiple water heaters and develops an aggregated generic water heater load curve for the average residential customer based on experimental data retrieved …
Modeling Of Bearing Voltage In Electric Machines Based On Electromagnetic Fea And Measured Bearing Capacitance, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Modeling Of Bearing Voltage In Electric Machines Based On Electromagnetic Fea And Measured Bearing Capacitance, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Bearing voltages and associated bearing currents in electric machines driven by pulsewidth modulation converters with high switching frequencies and high dv/dt can cause premature bearing failures. This article proposes a new modeling approach for the prediction of steady-state and transient bearing voltages based on two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic finite element analysis with coupled external circuits using measured bearing capacitance values. The distributed-element external circuit was employed mainly to take into account the influence of wire distribution and frequency dependency, which are typically neglected by traditional equivalent circuits. The developed model was then used to simulate bearing voltages for various scenarios and …
On The Design Of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines For Electric Aircraft Propulsion, Damien Lawhorn, Peng Han, Donovin Lewis, Yaser Chulaee, Dan M. Ionel
On The Design Of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines For Electric Aircraft Propulsion, Damien Lawhorn, Peng Han, Donovin Lewis, Yaser Chulaee, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper presents design and prototyping studies for coreless and slotless permanent magnet (PM) machines, which have the potential for high power density and efficiency, and discusses their feasibility for electric aircraft propulsion. The emphasis is on axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with printed circuit board (PCB) stators that have advantages over their wired counterparts in terms of design flexibility, coil accuracy, manufacturing process reliability, and heat dissipation. Detailed electromagnetic finite element analysis models were developed and employed alongside analytical sizing equations to evaluate the performance of two dual-rotor single-stator coreless AFPM designs employing wave and spiral PCB winding …
Combined Use Of Ev Batteries And Pv Systems For Improving Building Resilience To Blackouts, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Combined Use Of Ev Batteries And Pv Systems For Improving Building Resilience To Blackouts, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Californian residencies face increased risk of blackout. The state depends more on imported electricity that may not always be available to fill the gap between renewable generation and demand. For buildings with PV panels, storing the surplus solar power to support the load during a blackout can be achieved with a large energy storage system (ESS). The electric vehicle (EV) provides potential solutions as it can expand the energy capacity of the residential ESS with its battery. In this paper, a reference house in California was modeled in EnergyPlus. The building resilience for a house with different load percentages were …
Analysis Of Torque Production In Axial-Flux Vernier Pm Machines Of The Magnus Type, Murat G. Kesgin, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Dan M. Ionel
Analysis Of Torque Production In Axial-Flux Vernier Pm Machines Of The Magnus Type, Murat G. Kesgin, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The paper presents a study of the torque production in a novel vernier-type axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machine topology named MAGNUS. Two computational methods are employed, one based on the 3D FEA Maxwell stress calculations on individual stator and rotor components and one based on the analytical derivation of the air-gap flux density harmonics. Examples are provided for a design with a 40-pole spoke-type PM rotor and two stators, one active including a 3-phase winding with 6 concentrated coils wound around main teeth in a single layer arrangement and a second stator that has neither coils nor main slots and …
Integrated Ac To Ac Converters For Single-Phase Input To Two-Phase Output Motor Drives, Yibin Zhang, Damien L. Lawhorn, Peng Han, Dan M. Ionel
Integrated Ac To Ac Converters For Single-Phase Input To Two-Phase Output Motor Drives, Yibin Zhang, Damien L. Lawhorn, Peng Han, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The single-phase to two-phase converters have become attractive for low-power motor drives due to the full electromagnetic isolation between phases of two-phase motors. One of the commonly used topologies is the ac/dc/ac pulse width modulation (PWM) converter which contains twelve active power semiconductor switches and a common dc link. To minimize the system cost and size for low power applications, an integrated ac/ac converter with a single-phase input and a two-phase output which reduces the switch count to six is proposed in this paper. Additionally, modulation scheme and filters for the proposed converter are developed and modeled in details. In …
Integrated Modular Motor Drives Based On Multiphase Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Yibin Zhang, Dan M. Ionel
Integrated Modular Motor Drives Based On Multiphase Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Yibin Zhang, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The integrated motor drive (IMD) concept with possible modularization has attracted much attention in a broad spectrum of applications ranging from low-power general-purpose industrial drives to high-power electric propulsion. This paper presents the feasibility study and performance evaluation of using common axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings in IMDs, with the same diameter and a minimum increase in its axial length. Different winding configurations are compared in terms of the torque/power capability and fault tolerance without changing the winding current rating. The possibility of further torque improvement is discussed from the perspective of making full use of the …
Multi-Objective Optimization For Aircraft Power Systems Using A Network Graph Representation, Damien Lawhorn, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel
Multi-Objective Optimization For Aircraft Power Systems Using A Network Graph Representation, Damien Lawhorn, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Today, the electrification of flight is more popular than ever, creating a wide array of concept aircraft and associated power system topologies. In order to gain insights into benefits of these varying architectures, this paper introduces the development of a framework for electric aircraft power system (EAPS) optimization. The proposed framework accepts inputs from a designer in the form of component parameters and desired flight mission characteristics. A collective graph representing many possible architectures is formed, from which, subgraphs that describe power system topologies meeting the flight requirements are extracted and analyzed. Optimal EAPS architectures with respect to goals of …
Peak Reduction And Long Term Load Forecasting For Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. Mcintyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel
Peak Reduction And Long Term Load Forecasting For Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. Mcintyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being …