Engineering Commons^™

Source Reconstruction In Near Field Scanning For Rfi Application, Hosseien Rezaei

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research is divided into three major topics. The first topic, mechanical magnetic field generator for communication in the ULF range, is discussed in the first paper. The second topic, source reconstruction in near field scanning for RFI application, is discussed over the course of two papers. The third topic, analysis of imbalanced 2 or 3 Wire VHF LISN, is discussed in the last two papers.

In the first topic, the possibility to use a mechanical system (a rotating magnet) as a source (generator or antenna combined) of the ULF magnetic field is investigated. Ultralow frequency (ULF) communication systems have …

Method Of Optimal Battery Scheduling With Optimal Battery And Photovoltaic Sizing, Gideon Hallman

Masters Theses

“Renewable energy generation is on the rise. One of the best ways to capitalize on this intermittent power supply is by using the renewable energy source in tandem with batteries. A joint photovoltaic (PV) and battery system model was created that implemented battery degradation and optimized battery usage using a Markov Decision Process (MDP). This system was then subjected to a series of tests to do a sensitivity analysis while optimizing the battery and PV sizing for the system at hand. Parametric sweeps of solar power and battery capital costs, the cost of energy taken from the grid, the cost …

Modeling For Off-Chip High-Speed Designs, Siqi Bai

Doctoral Dissertations

”Signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) are essential for datacenter application. A typical datacenter rack consists of a switch on the top of the rack, servers, and storage units. Three SI/PI related problems for datacenter application are analyzed in this research.

The first topic is analysis on power via induced Quasi-quarter-wavelength resonance to reduce crosstalk. Using an analytical model and 3D full-wave simulation models, a physical explanation for the unexpected resonance in the differential signal pairs is proposed. Considering the difficulty in changing the pin map of the IC-package, several PCB layouts to eliminate the power via induced quasi-quarter-wavelength …

A Physics-Based Pi Pre-Layout Tool For Pcb Pdn Design, Shuang Liang

Masters Theses

"With increasingly stringent requirements for lower voltage supply, and higher density in PCB PDN design, now integrity (PI) is an increasingly important aspect that must be considered. A pre-layout tool based on the Cavity Model and Boundary Element Method is built to automatically achieve a specified target impedance for a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Power Distribution Network (PDN) design with a minimal number of decoupling capacitors.

The pre-work about the post-layout design and analysis is proposed and the guidelines for creating a decoupling capacitors network with better performance has been built. With limit inputs, physical limitations for the minimal …

Design And Evaluation Of The 3d Printed Electromagnetic Absorber Built With Conductive Carbon-Filled Filament, Rui Mi

Masters Theses

"This research presents an application of the resistive frequency selective surface (FSS) fabricated with a 3D printed conductive material as an electromagnetic absorber for the EMI-reducing door. This solution allows to reduce radiated emissions of a router system. The resistive frequency selective surface has a three-layer structure. The top layer is a 3D printed FSS pattern, the middle layer is an air gap, and the bottom layer is a metal plane.

The first paper presents the methodology for manufacturing a frequency selective surface using the 3D printing technology, including the material characterization, design, fabrication, and evaluation.

The unpublished content presents …

Analysis And Design Of Dc-Link Capacitor In Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Active Front-End Converter, Muhammad Shehroz Malik

Masters Theses

Medium-voltage grid-tied systems often use a cascaded H-bridge multi-level active front-end. In this converter, dc link bus capacitors play an important role in stabilizing the converter and enabling both active and reactive power injections. The present work provides analytical expressions for the capacitor current, which are essential for optimizing system design (especially capacitor size vs. lifetime). Then, the expression is incorporated into the grid connected bidirectional power system model. Consequently, this work contributes to the guiding principles to choose accurate dc link capacitor ratings against grid-side power delivery requirements.

DC-link capacitors come with an expiration date which is dependent on …

The Field Coupling Mechanism Study For Near Field Probe, Shun Liu

Masters Theses

"In this part, the radius of the loop is used to predict the voltage induced by the E- field in the circular loop antenna. The thin rectangle loop and thick rectangle loop have been investigated. The equivalent radius of the rectangle loop is estimated by the average of the one over the distance between the points on the loop to the center of the loop. The estimation matches with the numerical simulation"--Abstract, page iv.

A Simple Background Elimination Method For Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Raman Probe, Bohong Zhang

Masters Theses

"Raman scattering is called a photonic - molecular interaction based on the kinetic model of the analytic. Due to the uniqueness of the Raman scattering technique, it can provide a unique fingerprint signal for molecular recognition. However, a serious challenge often encountered in Raman measurement comes from the requirements of fast, real-time remote sensing, background fluorescence suppression, and micro-environmental detection.

A new Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Raman Probe (MFORP) for Raman spectroscopy, used especially for eliminating background fluorescence and enhancing sampling, is presented. Its main purpose is to provide an overview of excellent research on the detection of very small substances and …

Investigating The Effect Of Operating Condition On Esd-Induced Soft-Failures, Omid Hoseini Izadi

Doctoral Dissertations

"Conflicting observations have been found in the literature regarding the effect of operating conditions on ESD (electrostatic discharge) susceptibility. While some studies have suggested a strong correlation between the two, others observed little to no correlation. In this work, a systematic study has been carried out suggesting the existence of a strong correlation between the ESD susceptibility and operating conditions. It is found that the root cause of this conflict is random ESD noise injection. A measurement approach is proposed to synchronize the noise injection with the system activity such as high/low CPU load. In this approach, the current consumption …

Stability Analysis Of Microgrids Using Markov Jump Linear Systems, Gilles Mpembele

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research discusses stochastic models for a microgrid operating between standalone and grid-tied modes. The transitions between different modes are modeled as a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). In each operating mode, the system is modeled using conventional differential algebraic equations (DAEs), linearized around some equilibrium point.

In Topic-I, a model is developed using the Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHSs) formulation. The microgrid is modeled as a Markov jump linear system (MJLS), which is a type of SHS in which the discrete events evolve according to a Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC). The model allows for the derivation of Ordinary Differential Equations …

Pdn Modeling For High-Speed Multilayer Pcb Boards And Decap Optimization Using Machine Learning Techniques, Ling Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

"In power distribution networks (PDN), there are two main challenges nowadays. One challenge is how to efficiently model and calculate the impedance for arbitrary-shape and multi-layer PDN systems. The second challenge is the optimization of decoupling capacitors in the pre-layout stage. This dissertation proposes novel solutions to these two challenges. To tackle the first challenge, a boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to calculate the quasi-static inductances between vertical vias for arbitrary-shape planes. Then a specialized circuit solver is developed to solve the equivalent circuit of inductances and capacitances for multi-layer PDN structures. Also, a contour integral method (CIM) is …

Instrumentation, Modeling, And Sound Metamodeling Foundations For Complex Hybrid Systems, Natasha Amelia Jarus

Doctoral Dissertations

Many of our critical infrastructures, from power grids to water distribution networks, are complex hybrid systems that use software to control their non-trivial physical dynamics. These systems must be able to capably serve their purpose, while also being reliable, dependable, safe, secure, and efficient. Representation and analysis of these features requires the creation of several distinct models. These models may encode design goals or be derived from collected instrumentation data, reflecting both how a system ought to operate and how it does operate. It is essential to ensure that all of these models consistently and accurately describe the same system. …

Seed Modeling Of An Esd Gun Discharge To A Usb Cable, Yang Xu

Masters Theses

“An IC protected by a transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode may fail if the TVS device does not turn on or does not turn on quickly enough, causing the IC to take the full brunt of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. Transient simulation models have been developed for ESD protection devices for the purpose of system-efficient ESD design (SEED). The TVS modeling methodology has been improved to better represent the physics that occurs during the TVS response and more accurately predict the interactions between off-chip and on-chip protection devices. Moreover, a complicated test scenario -- an ESD gun discharge through …

A Compact Wavelength Meter Using A Multimode Fiber, Ogbole Collins Inalegwu

Masters Theses

“Wavelength meters are very important for precision measurements of both pulses and continuous-wave optical sources. Conventional wavelength meters employ gratings, prisms, interferometers, and other wavelength-sensitive materials in their design. Here, we report a simple and compact wavelength meter based on a section of multimode fiber and a camera. The concept is to correlate the multimodal interference pattern (i.e., speckle pattern) at the end-face of a multimode fiber with the wavelength of the input lightsource. Through a series of experiments, specklegrams from the end face of a multimode fiber as captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera were recorded; the images …

Bond Graph Modeling Of Critical Infrastructures For Cyber-Physical Security Implementation, Michele Jane White

Masters Theses

“In developed societies, there exists infrastructure vital to everyday life. This includes water and power systems. Technology is quickly evolving and being implemented on these utilities. This technology can range from smart metering in neighborhoods to volume sensors in local waste water treatment facilities. When networking, sensing, monitoring, or control devices are integrated with infrastructure it is considered a cyber physical system, or CPS. When information about an important physical system is connected to the virtual world, it is opened up to security risks. Cyber security can be provided to the CPS by monitoring the physical state of the system …

Physics-Based Modeling Of Lithium-Ion Batteries For Control And Estimation Applications, Brody J. C. Riemann

Masters Theses

“Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in many application areas like consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and microgrids. As the world moves towards further electrification of vehicles and more widespread use of renewable energy sources, the need for large-scale battery storage systems will grow. To effectively replace conventional methods, batteries will need to be charged quickly while accounting for degradation to maximize lifetime. Further, larger batteries require more detailed safety monitoring, which is implemented using a battery management system (BMS). A BMS is responsible for state of charge (SOC) estimation, state of health (SOH) estimation, cell balancing, regulating voltage and current according …

Integrated Solar And Ess Ac/Dc Systems For Various Grid Applications, Phani Ratna Vanamali Marthi

Doctoral Dissertations

"Modular multilevel converters (MMC) have gained prominence for high power applications in recent years due to their technical merits such as voltage scalability, harmonic performance, and high efficiency. Integration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage systems (ESS) to the grid using power electronic (PE) resources is increasing due to the techno-economic successes achieved by such systems. Following these developments, the integration of MMCs with PV plants and ESS systems is one of the dynamic research avenues being pursued. Along these lines, an integrated development of PV plants, ESS, and alternating- and direct-current (ac/dc) …

Modeling And Analyzing Parasitic Parameters In High Frequency Converters, Mohamad Saleh Sanjari Nia

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focuses on electromagnetic interference (EMI) / electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design and analysis in power electronics systems. To limit the EMI under the standards, different methods and strategies are investigated. Parasitic parameters of high frequency (HF) transformer are analyzed using a novel analytical method, finite element method (FEM), and experimental measurements for different structures and windings arrangements. Also, the magnetic field, electric field, electric displacement, and electric potential distribution are simulated and analyzed. Moreover, a high voltage system is considered and analyzed to improve the EMC. The EMI propagation paths are analyzed. The EMI noise level of the system …

Theoretical Study Of Magnetic Particles In A Shear Flow Subjected To A Uniform Magnetic Field, Christopher A. Sobecki

Doctoral Dissertations

"Magnetic manipulation of non-spherical magnetic microparticles is important for applications in shape-based and magnetic-based separations such as waste management, disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and mining. Manipulations of magnetic microparticles also include chain formation to assemble compositions for electronics, drug loading designs, and magnetorheological fluids for smart armor, hydraulic brakes, and dampers. In microfluidic devices, separation-formation-effectiveness depends on the shape of the channel, the shear rate, and the magnetic field strength and direction.

Particle separation and chain formation involved highly complex and computational expense-demanding studies in microfluidic devices, magnetic fields, and particle- particle/wall interactions. This research took complex experimental studies and …

Fiber Optic Sensors For Industry And Military Applications, Yiyang Zhuang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have been widely used for measuring various physical and chemical measurands owing to their unique advantages over traditional sensors such as small size, high resolution, distributed sensing capabilities, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. This dissertation focuses on the development of robust FOSs with ultrahigh sensitivity and their applications in industry and military areas.

Firstly, novel fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) inclinometers for one- and two-dimensional tilt measurements with 20 nrad resolution were demonstrated. Compared to in-line fiber optic inclinometers, an extrinsic sensing motif was used in our prototype inclinometer. The variations in tilt angle of the …

Protection Of Modern Distribution Systems, Fahd Amin Hariri

Doctoral Dissertations

“Motivated by the potential for improvements in the electric distribution system’s protection schemes, this work examined the challenges facing protection schemes due to the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs). Traditional protection schemes for radial distribution systems were designed based on the unidirectional power flow from the source down to the loads. Protective devices typically use are overcurrent relays, autoreclosers, fuses, and circuit breakers. However, these protective schemes may no longer be sufficient to ensure correct operation in the new era of distribution systems integrated by DGs. This research investigated the impact of DGs that might mislead the protection schemes in …

Emi Characterization For Power Supplies And Machine Learning Based Modeling In Emc/Si, Jiayi He

Doctoral Dissertations

"Signal integrity (SI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are essential for consumer electronics and high-speed server applications. It is necessary to do EMI and SI modeling at the design stage. In this research, several modeling approaches for EMI and SI problems are proposed. By using measurement-based modeling method, the mechanism of conducted emissions (CE) on ac to dc power supplies in an LED TV is analyzed. A system-level transient simulation model is built to predict the conducted emission (CE). To characterize the equivalent dipole moment sources in RFI and EMI problems, a dipole source reconstruction method based on machine learning techniques …

Fiber-Optic And Coaxial-Cable Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometers For Sensing Applications, Chen Zhu

Doctoral Dissertations

”The fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) is one of the simplest sensing configurations and is widely used in various applications due to its prominent features, such as high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and remote operation capability. In this research, a novel one-dimensional wide-range displacement sensor and a three-dimensional displacement sensor based on fiber-optic EFPIs are demonstrated. These two robust and easy-to-manufacture sensors expand the application scope of the fiber-optic EFPI sensor devices, and have great potential in structural health monitoring, the construction industry, oil well monitoring, and geo-technology.

Furthermore, inspired by the fiber-optic EFPI, a novel and universal ultra-sensitive …

Adaptive Dynamic Programming Methods For Tracking Current Control Of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive, Hamad Alharkan

Doctoral Dissertations

“This research investigates the application of adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) methods for the current control of switched reluctance motors (SRM). Since the traditional current controllers have large current ripples that increase torque ripples and acoustic noise, optimal tracking controllers using reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are introduced as an alternative adaptive technique for SRM drives. The proposed optimal tracking controllers can minimize current ripples and cope with uncertainties within the inductance profile of the SRM. The work is composed of three papers. In the first paper, a novel Q-learning scheduling method for the current controller of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) …

Advanced Control Techniques For Modern Inertia Based Inverters, Sepehr Saadatman

Doctoral Dissertations

”In this research three artificial intelligent (AI)-based techniques are proposed to regulate the voltage and frequency of a grid-connected inverter. The increase in the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power grid has led to the increase in the penetration of fast-responding inertia-less power converters. The increase in the penetration of these power electronics converters changes the nature of the conventional grid, in which the existing kinetic inertia in the rotating parts of the enormous generators plays a vital role. The concept of virtual inertia control scheme is proposed to make the behavior of grid connected inverters more …

Transfer Function Measurement For Automotive Intentional Emi And Thermal Runaway Investigation Of Lithium-Ion Battery By Intentional Emi, Woncheol Song

Masters Theses

"With an increasing demand for electric vehicles and autonomous driving, many components of a vehicle are being replaced as electric components. This implicates the possibility of an increase in the malfunction of electric components due to unknown electromagnetic interferences. In this reason, malicious intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) is being considered as a growing threat for the current and next generation of automotive technology.

In the first topic, the transfer function between the IEMI attacker and the engine control unit (ECU) circuit in an automobile is extracted to analyze how the IEMI affects the vehicle.

In the second topic, to mimic …