Engineering Commons^™

Single-Polarization And Single-Mode Hybrid Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber Design At 2 Μm, Herschel Herring, Mohammad Al Mahfuz, Md Selim Habib

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, a new
type of hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) design using
hybrid silica/high-index material (HIM) cladding is presented
for single-polarization, high-birefringence, and endlessly single-
mode operation at 2 μm wavelength. We show that the inclusion
of a HIM layer in the cladding allows strong suppression of
𝑥−polarization, while maintaining low propagation loss and
single-mode propagation for 𝑦−polarization. The optimized HC-
ARF design includes a combination of low propagation loss,
high-birefringence, and polarization-extinction ratio (PER) or
loss ratio of 0.02 dB/m, 1.2×10−4, and >550 respectively, while the
loss of the 𝑥−polarization is >20 …

Metasurface Beam-Steering Antenna At X-Band Frequencies With Cloaking Applications, Erik Jermaine Kosh

Theses and Dissertations

I intend to use metasurface materials to adjust antenna field properties while applying a cloaking application to the antenna. Cloaking applications have been used to shield the neighboring antenna waveforms so that they do not affect it’s antenna patterns and reduce the mutual coupling between the two antennas [15], [16]. In this application, I propose a metasurface beam-steering antenna at X-band frequencies using mantle-cloaking techniques to adjust and direct the beam-steering while ignoring other adjacent antenna patterns.

The first part of this application provides a method for cloaking antennas that are close to each other in distance (less than a …

Characterization Of Human Mobility From Cellular Data, Zaid Matloub

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates human mobility patterns using crowd-sourced cellular network data from different Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States, spanning the Houston, New York-Newark, NJ City, and 13 other significant MSAs. By focusing on prominent spatial mobility parameters highlighted in existing literature, the study unveils consistent findings regarding the predictability of human mobility across diverse time scales and geographic regions. The research underscores the significance of selecting appropriate sampling thresholds based on the mobility parameters being examined, the size of the dataset, and available computational resources. Through a meticulous analysis, it emerges that while values such as mean …

Qasm-To-Hls: A Framework For Accelerating Quantum Circuit Emulation On High-Performance Reconfigurable Computers, Anshul Maurya

Theses and Dissertations

High-performance reconfigurable computers (HPRCs) make use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for efficient emulation of quantum algorithms. Generally, algorithm-specific architectures are implemented on the FPGAs and there is very little flexibility. Moreover, mapping a quantum algorithm onto its equivalent FPGA emulation architecture is challenging. In this work, we present an automation framework for converting quantum circuits to their equivalent FPGA emulation architectures. The framework processes quantum circuits represented in Quantum Assembly Language (QASM) and derives high-level descriptions of the hardware emulation architectures for High-Level Synthesis (HLS) on HPRCs. The framework generates the code for a heterogeneous architecture consisting of a …

Accelerating Machine Learning Inference For Satellite Component Feature Extraction Using Fpgas., Andrew Ekblad

Theses and Dissertations

Running computer vision algorithms requires complex devices with lots of computing power, these types of devices are not well suited for space deployment. The harsh radiation environment and limited power budgets have hindered the ability of running advanced computer vision algorithms in space. This problem makes running an on-orbit servicing detection algorithm very difficult. This work proposes using a low powered FPGA to accelerate the computer vision algorithms that enable satellite component feature extraction. This work uses AMD/Xilinx’s Zynq SoC and DPU IP to run model inference. Experiments in this work centered around improving model post processing by creating implementations …

Gpu Based Monte Carlo Estimation Of Eddy Current Losses In Electromagnetic Coil-Core System, Adwaith Ravichandran

Theses and Dissertations

A novel parallelizable probabilistic approach to model eddy currents in AC electromagnets is presented in this research. Consequently, power loss associated with the formation of these eddy currents is estimated and validated using experimental data. Furthermore, predicting the effect of ferromagnetic alternating field enhancement on power loss in the source excitation winding has been an active area of research. Unlike a stationary field, an alternating sinusoidal field diffuses partially into the ferromagnetic material leading to a predictably sub-optimal field enhancement. To model these physics, finite element techniques employ nonlinear iterative solvers which are time consuming. A novel method is developed …

Project Thetis: A Low-Cost, Low-Profile Inertial Data Logger, Braidan Duffy

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis details the design, testing, calibration, and verification of a nine degree of freedom inertial measurement data logger for use with floating bodies. The instrument was conceived to address limitations of equipment used in classes within the Ocean Engineering department at Florida Institute of Technology. By meeting with several stakeholders and end users, a series of stakeholder requirements, capabilities, and component-level requirements were de- veloped that informed the design constraints. There were several hardware iterations of the board, culminating in Revision F5 which was extensively tested and proven. The design was inspected after testing concluded to determine which capabilities …

Evaluation Of Human Mobility From Crowd-Sourced Cellular Data, Sasa Knezevic

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding patterns of human mobility plays a vital role in urban planning, traffic management, disease control, environmental impact evaluation, provisioning of services by both public and private enterprise and other areas of human activity. In this thesis, the human mobility patterns are studied using crowd sourced cellular data. The study characterizes human mobility through a meaningful set of mobility parameters. Each parameter is clearly defined, extracted from the available data, and described using statistical modeling tools. The parameters are evaluated at different time scales. It has been determined that despite its apparent randomness on the individual level, human mobility on …

A Voice And Facial Recognition System To Protect Students From Being Forgotten Inside School Buses In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Ibrahim Alferaih

Theses and Dissertations

In this research, we discuss the situation of students in the three to eight year old age group. Every day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during school days, more than 1,000,000 students are transported throughout the country by more than 15,000 school buses. Everything is dependent on the human element. During school transportation around the world, many children are forgotten inside the school bus and with many of them eventually going missing or even dying. The bus driver is usually busy and tired due to the focus on the road, which may make him lose focus on those on …

Deep Learning Approach To Speech Recognition: A Signal Extractor & Producer For Artificial General Intelligence, Ahmad Zuhair S. Hasanain

Theses and Dissertations

The efficient use of a communication bandwidth starts with the data source. The features of the speech signals can be extracted and reconstructed to lower the Internet traffic of the acoustic artificial agents and to increase the quality of the automatic speech recognition systems. The Speech Quefrency Transform (SQT) is hereby introduced in the work to enrich the communication space between the artificial agents and mankind. We describe the motivation, methodology, and deep learning approach in detail as we apply the SQT technology to several applications: sharp pitch track extraction, real-time speech communications, and emotion recognition. The results were excellent. …

Millimeterwave And Mimo Antenna Beamforming For Next-Generationwireless Communications, Ahmed Nadhim Mohammed

Theses and Dissertations

Millimeter wave (mmWave) hybrid precoding systems are likely to have large antenna arrays to overcome the high channel path loss. In such circumstances, low cost hardware and power consumption are the main challenges. Furthermore, the hardware is tasked with computation of high dimensional optimal matrices of hybrid precoding design using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). This dissertation addresses two algorithms to enhance the efficiency of the OMP reconstruction algorithm in mmWave precoding design. The spectral efficiency of the mmWave system using the proposed algorithms is compared with previous works and the optimal case (a fully digital precoder). The results show that …

Infrared Electric Field Enhancement Via A Hyperbolic-Metalens-Coupled Nanoantenna, Mohamed Jebril Kyamo

Theses and Dissertations

The development of near- and mid-infrared applications requires high enhancement of the electric field intensity (EFI) and a high absorption cross-section of the electric field. The high enhancement of EFI can be obtained by concentrating optical energy to areas much smaller than the diffraction limit or by using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Noble metals such as gold (Au) or silver (Ag) are not feasible for infrared (IR) applications because of high losses, lack of tunability, low resolution, and low-intensity enhancement. Our methods to solve these problems are based on appropriate metamaterial selection and on coupling systems with optimization of their …

Over The Ocean Rf Propagation Modeling And System Design For Wireless Broadband Systems, Rayan Enaya

Theses and Dissertations

The research presented in this document considers the development of a terrestrial wireless communication system for providing connectivity to vessels within coastal waters. The system operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band and can provide throughputs that are on the order of 1-20Mbps. Several important aspects of the system design are considered. First, the propagation path loss in the2.4GHz band over the coastal water is characterized. The characterization is performed through an extensive measurement campaign. A practical propagation model is developed. Second, since 2.4GHz is an unlicensed spectrum, it hosts many other wireless systems. These systems create substantial noise in the …

Uplink Throughput Prediction And Device Geolocation In Cellular Communication System Using Machine Learning Methodology, Engin Eyceyurt

Theses and Dissertations

Continuously increasing the number of interconnecting devices, cloud services, and social media usage require enormous amounts of mobile data. Due to the rapid increase in cellular data demand, accurate cellular data prediction has become more critical. The increase in the number of mobile subscribers raised the issue of whether users' location can be determined. The most important uses of geolocation technology are emergencies and security purposes. In addition to emergency and security affairs, geolocation technology can decrease cellular network maintenance costs. Mobile network systems have become highly complex with a large number of parameter and feature add-ons. Along with the …

Dynamic Route Optimization For Waste Collection In Smart City, Abdullah Suliman Alwabli

Theses and Dissertations

Waste collection is a critical component of the municipal service to the community within urban set-ups. Increasing levels of waste generation present significant challenges in urban areas due to unprecedented population growth. Consequently, due to the accumulating amounts of waste, waste management has become a primary concern. Several problems also emanate from the current inadequate and inefficient waste management systems that rely on non-scientific techniques. This paper proposes using IoT-based smart bins to improve the waste management process by optimizing waste collection. Al-Awali District in the Saudi Arabian city of Mecca will be the main focus of this study, where …

Computational Method To Calculate Output Current For Gated Spad To Determine Dcr And Pde, Ahmad Salih Azzahrani

Theses and Dissertations

The problem of detecting a single-photon is receiving considerable attention with the development of new single-photon detectors in stressed free-space optical communication, low probability of intercept (LPI) optical communication, quantum communication, and remote sensing. The theoretical modeling of the waveforms of the single-photon detector output produced in particular systems will expedite the search for and analysis of detected signals. A mathematical model of the output current of a single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) gated with sinusoidal and Gaussian signals is developed and discussed. The mathematical model is combined with existing circuit and physical models to produce a compact model of the …

Graphene Surface Plasmon Applications In Designing Novel Nano-Heterostructure Arrays, Seyededriss Mirniaharikandi

Theses and Dissertations

Graphene is the flat monolayer of carbon atoms constructing a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with an exotic mechanic, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. Interestingly, the graphene has been experimentally shown its unique properties in photonics, where the first commercial application of graphene has been realized. Graphene possesses intrinsic plasmons that are electronically tunable, adjustable, and have low dissipation. Recently, the combination of graphene with noble metals and semiconductors structures promises a variety of exciting applications for conventional plasmonics and photonics. In this thesis, we present how to efficiently design heterostructure by combining graphene plasmonic metasurface with noble metals and semiconductors. First, …

A Novel Design Of Broadband Antennas With A Defected Radiating Patch Structure For Wireless Communication Systems, Ali Giuma F Esseid

Theses and Dissertations

Generally, conventional wireless communication systems transfer data between two points through a channel, consisting of broadband with a multi-frequency band. Broadband or multiband is very important in wireless telecommunication devices. It is quickly advancing as high-speed and high-level data rate wireless modern communication technology. In wireless modern communication the antenna plays a very crucial role. Broadband with a multi-frequency band purpose has been the incitement of this research. However, there are a lot of challenges in designing and accomplishing a broadband with a multi-frequency band antenna than with a tight impedance bandwidth single antenna. Appropriate broadband with multi-frequency band antenna …

Analysis And Computation Of Polaritonic Systems In Infrared Regime For Sensing Applications, Abdelgader Ahmed Alshiekh Alsalhin

Theses and Dissertations

Generally, the aims of this work tend to focus on introducing novel designs for IR-sensing and a solid related knowledge based on computational analysis and investigations for polaritonic systems. This modern field of nanophotonics has been interested and promising nowadays thanks to the development in nano-fabrications and computing power and speed. Therefore, the theme-work is organized into two main parts along with the goals were addressed initially. The first part provides the necessary concepts for different responses of materials exposed to electromagnetic (EM) intensity which usually known as EM-matter interaction. Also, this part highlights how engineering these interactions in nano-scale …

Voltage Controlled Laser Scribed Graphene (Lsg) Microstrip Attenuator, Nathaniel Michael D’Agati

Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, a preliminary design of a voltage-tunable microstrip attenuator using Laser Scribed graphene (LSG) is proposed. The paper will demonstrate that the fabrication of LSG from graphene oxide on standard doubled-sided FR-4 Copper-clad Substrate can be used as a voltage-controlled resistor that results in a tunable microstrip attenuator across the microwave frequencies from 50MHz to 5.5GHz. The measured attenuation ranges from 2.6 dB to 11.5dB at 4 GHz with a DC bias voltage ranging from 0V (minimum attenuation) to 6.0V (maximum attenuation). Graphene is a unique material with interesting electromagnetic and mechanical properties. Graphene conducts electricity better than …

Microgravity Emergency Medical Containment System – A Concept Of Architecture, Prototyping, And Usability Research, Keith Elliott Crisman

Theses and Dissertations

Exploration is intrinsic to human nature but is well understood to be accompanied by inherent risks to the explorer. This is particularly evident in the exploration of extreme environments such as long-duration space habitation; in which risk is increased due in particular to the distance from assistance, services, and replenishment of consumables. One of the major risks to extreme environment survivability is lack of access to emergency medical care. This risk is further amplified in the microgravity environment where terrestrial non-life-threatening conditions can become life threatening due to lack of next-level-care capabilities. The question posed within this research asks, ‘What …

Optical Nanoantenna Coupled Detector And Hybrid Surface Waveguide, Shenjie Miao

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, plasmonic resonant antennas have seen widespread consideration in many detection and chemistry applications due to their potential for enhancing and confining the emission and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Examples include optical couplers to ultra-compact photodetectors, high-resolution optical microscopy, enablers of single molecule Raman signal detection and heating elements that facilitate nanostructure growth. A wideband teardrop shape antenna coupled detector will illustrate in this dissertation. An asymmetric cross-bowtie antenna is investigated for providing a broad circular polarized frequency response in the long wave infrared (LWIR). The asymmetric cross-bowtie antenna is constructed with two perpendicular bowtie antennas with differing …

Infrared Detection And Waveguiding Using Metasurfaces, Navaneeth Premkumar

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this work is to be able to detect thermal radiation in the long-wave and mid-infrared spectrum to a reasonable efficiency. In order to aid this effort, antenna arrays with large collection apertures are coupled with infrared bolometers. This dissertation shows the performance of a series-fed patch type of leaky-wave antenna array coupled to a Nickel bolometer in terms of the angular-frequency scanning abilities of the antenna. The antenna is then made out of electrooptic Graphene in order to be able to dynamically tune the radiation properties of the antenna. A two-dimensional leaky-wave antenna array made from Gold …

Mdt Geolocation Through Machine Learning: Evaluation Of Supervised Regression Ml Algorithms, Aria Canadell Solana

Theses and Dissertations

Minimizing Drive Test is a statistical protocol used to evaluate the network performance. It provides several benefits with respect to traditional drive test analysis; however, multiple inconveniences exist that prevent cell companies from precisely retrieving most of the locations of these reports. . MATLAB and Jupyter Notebook were used to prepare the data and create the models. Multiple supervised regression algorithms were tested and evaluated. The best predictions were obtained from the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm with one ‘k’ and distance-weighted predictions. The UE geolocation was predicted with a median accuracy of 5.42 meters, a mean error of 61.62 meters, and …

Performance Evaluation Of Speech Recognition System Using Conventional And Hybrid Features And Hidden Markov Model Classifier, Hussien Elharati

Theses and Dissertations

Extracting the auditory information from speech signal is considered a computationally demanding task. However, past researches in mathematics, acoustics, and speech technology have provided many methods for signal processing and modeling. Although, all methods have their strengths and weaknesses, but they remain a serious attempt towards speech recognition system. Using multivariate statistical machine learning (Hidden Markov Model), this work investigates the performance of selected conventional and new hybrid feature extraction algorithms in both clean and noisy environments. The resultant conventional features include MFCC, LPCC, PLP, and RASTA-PLP, while the new hybrid features include LPR, MLP, MLR, and MPR. The whole …

Air Quality Monitoring Wireless Sensor Network With Electrochemical Sensing Elements, Saeed Faisal Malky

Theses and Dissertations

Harmful atmospheric pollutants have been attributed to causing adverse weather conditions and health problems, which are particularly prevalent in more populated global regions, such as megacities. Nongovernmental and international agencies throughout the world have likewise called for increased awareness and action to effectively counter the increased rates of air pollution, as the consequences seem ominous. Meanwhile, in several major urban landscapes such as Saudi Arabia, no modern apparatus or efficient systematic mechanisms exist for the qualitative detection of dangerous pollutants and gases. The current counterparts for hazardous gas measurements are expensive, bulky and cumbersome to set up. Thus, sensor devices …

Mathematical Model, Simulated Design And Experimental Results For Parabolic Mirror Based Multiplexer For Spatially Multiplexed Fiber Optic Communication Systems, Ce Su

Theses and Dissertations

Spatial Domain Multiplexing (SDM) is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) architecture. It adds an innovative dimension to optical fiber communication systems by enabling spatial reuse of the optical frequencies. SDM utilizes radially distributed spatial locations for different input signals based on their input launch angles. These input channels propagate in a helical path inside the carrier fiber. These SDM input channels do not encounter any perceptible cross-talk or inter-symbol interference. The SDM system is similar to other optical communication systems. However, they require two added parts. These parts are the spatial multiplexer, also known as the Beam Combiner Module (BCM) and …

Single Photon Avalanche Diode (Spad) Array Quenching And A Novel Quantum Random Number Generator (Qrng), Mano Rahul Kumar Pakalapati

Theses and Dissertations

Single Photon Avalanche Diodes, SPADs is a single-photon sensitive light detector with capabilities of pico-second timing resolutions and offer potential for enhancing various fields of science to evolve into quantum-age. SPAD has applications ranging from quantum computing, cryptography (QKD) to applications in medicine such as neural imaging and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). SPAD arrays are gaining popularity as they enable for parallel photon detection and 3D imaging. To account for the process tolerances and aging, each SPAD-pixel needs a tunable quenching circuit in the frontend for post-fabrication fine-tuning, this research work presents a novel Dual Triggered Tunable Active …

Optimization Of Cabin Design For Enhanced Passenger Experience, Golnoosh Torkashvand

Theses and Dissertations

Passenger experience has been a recent focus of many airline industries. Airline manufacturers and businesses have noticed that in order to stay sustainable in the competition of the market, they need to understand passengers’ needs. Passenger experience, however, is a broad concept that requires more effort to understand. This research is an attempt towards understanding passenger experience and suggesting a framework toward enhancing it in long-haul flights. We consider an activity-centric approach toward redefining passenger experience and evaluating it. In addition, we employ Human-Centered Design (HCD) methodologies to grasp a better understanding of passengers’ perceptions of those activities. HCD is …

Dual-Task Multimodal Web Browsing In Semi-Autonomous Vehicles, Jarrett William Clark

Theses and Dissertations

Drivers should remain alert when operating semi-autonomous vehicles as human intervention is required when the automated systems fail, or an unusual situation is encountered. However, drivers do not always focus solely on the road and sometimes divert their attention to look at cell phones, laptops, tablet computers, or in-dash infotainment systems. In this research, software was created to enable operators of a simulated self-driving car to browse the Human-Centered Design Institute (HCDI) website using multimodal interaction. The software used synthesized speech to read the website aloud and visually highlighted the content on the screen as it was read. Web analytics …