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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Preparing Water Supply Systems For Climate Change: The Role Of Hydrologic Forecasting In The Northeast, Leslie Decristofaro
Preparing Water Supply Systems For Climate Change: The Role Of Hydrologic Forecasting In The Northeast, Leslie Decristofaro
Doctoral Dissertations
Fresh water is a resource strongly impacted by climactic conditions. Water supply systems in the northeastern United States will see the effects of climate change on their water quality and quantity in various ways, including changes in seasonality of flows, changes in the frequency and magnitude of extreme precipitation events, and changes in the variability of precipitation and water availability. Five northeastern water supplies examined are expected to maintain at least 95% monthly reliability over a range of climates wider than the current projections. However, model results indicate that turbidity levels in New York City's Ashokan Reservoir will change with …
Experimental Investigation Of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid On Shale And Soil, Zhenning Yang
Experimental Investigation Of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid On Shale And Soil, Zhenning Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
Mitigation and prevention of shale-formation damage caused by hydraulic-fracturing fluid/rock interactions play an important role in well-production stability and subsequent refracturing design. This study presents three experimental investigations on the interaction of water/shale, fluid/clay, and fluid/shale. A series of experiments were designed to investigate fluid/shale interactions: hydrophilic to hydrophobic alteration through chemical-vapor deposition, nanoindentation testing on shale sample, geotechnical laboratory experiments on contaminated clay, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) on shale sample. A clay-matrix-based data-screening criterion is proposed for nanoindentation. The continuous-stiffness-measurment (CSM) method is proved to have better definition and characterization of …
Compressibility And Normalized Undrained Shear Behavior Of Soft Coastal Fine-Grained Soils, Arash Pirouzi
Compressibility And Normalized Undrained Shear Behavior Of Soft Coastal Fine-Grained Soils, Arash Pirouzi
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis investigates empirical correlations between consolidation design parameters and index properties of soft fine-grained soils from coastal Louisiana region, normalized undrained shear behavior of high liquid limit organic fine-grained coastal soils, and consolidation behavior of fine-grained soils. The first phase of this research consisted of studying a database of site investigation data from 15 marsh creation projects across the coastal Louisiana region. The database includes a wide variety of fine-grained soils ranging from low-plasticity inorganic clays and silts to high-plasticity organic clays and silts with a large range of water content and liquid limit. Most of the empirical correlations …
Evaluating Policy And Climate Impacts On Water Resources Systems Using Coupled Human-Natural Models, Hassaan Furqan Khan
Evaluating Policy And Climate Impacts On Water Resources Systems Using Coupled Human-Natural Models, Hassaan Furqan Khan
Doctoral Dissertations
Extensive human intervention in the terrestrial hydrosphere means that virtually every river basin globally reflects the interaction between human and natural hydrologic processes. Thus, sustainable watershed management needs to not only account for the diverse ways humans benefit from the environment but also incorporate the impact of human actions on the natural system. Informed policy making to address our water challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of these feedbacks and how they might be affected by future changes in climate. This work develops coupled human-natural models for improved surface water and groundwater management in water-scarce regions under future changes in climate. …
Evaluation Of The Erodibility Of Soft Clays And The Influence Of Biopolymers, Pamela Judge
Evaluation Of The Erodibility Of Soft Clays And The Influence Of Biopolymers, Pamela Judge
Doctoral Dissertations
Erosion of silts and clays is less well understood than erosion of sands. Further, current and anticipated climate change impacts along coastlines compel consideration of new approaches to coastal protection measures; seawalls and breakwaters designs now include natural and nature-based measures. The first research topic consists of the Adaptive Gradients Framework which was a theoretically-informed facilitation tool. The framework was intended to aid a collaborative and interdisciplinary decision-making process to encourage inclusion of natural and nature-based measures in coastal protection planning and design. This research is the culmination of a series of workshops and fieldtrips executed by the Sustainable Adaptive …
Flood Risk Assessment, Management And Perceptions In A Changing World, Katherine Schlef
Flood Risk Assessment, Management And Perceptions In A Changing World, Katherine Schlef
Doctoral Dissertations
Floods are a global challenge that is increasing due to changes in climate and human populations. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this work contributes novel methodologies and knowledge to three key challenges associated with floods. The first chapter builds upon the atmospheric and statistical sciences to provide a general methodology for climate informed approaches to projecting long-term flood events based on large-scale ocean-atmospheric processes. The second chapter builds upon the engineering, decision analysis, and economics disciplines to integrate climate-informed projections with decision-scaling, a decision-making under uncertainty framework, to further flood risk management. The third chapter builds upon the social sciences to …
Intersection Signal Control And Design For Improved Person Mobility And Air Quality In Urban Multimodal Transportation Systems, Farnoush Khalighi
Intersection Signal Control And Design For Improved Person Mobility And Air Quality In Urban Multimodal Transportation Systems, Farnoush Khalighi
Doctoral Dissertations
Alternative geometric designs (e.g. roundabouts) and multi-objective signal control strategies are promising measures to improve sustainability of traffic networks. However, roundabouts are mostly used because of their safety and operational advantages. There has been less attention to the environmental performance of roundabouts. Also, the existing studies have been mostly used through field measurements and current simulation models, which need high calibration efforts and they are not inclusive in terms of considering all influencing factors on vehicular emissions at roundabouts. Furthermore, the existing real-time signal control strategies do not account for the emission rates of different vehicle types (e.g. cars and …
Origins And Seasonal Variation Of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors, Ran Zhao
Origins And Seasonal Variation Of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors, Ran Zhao
Doctoral Dissertations
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed from the disinfectant (e.g., chlorine) reacting with components of natural organic matter (NOM) in water drawn from surface water supplies, and are considered as the cause of potential serious human health problems. DBP precursors originate in large reservoirs from at least three types of sources: (1) watershed or allochthonous, (2) algal or autochthonous, and (3) bottom sediments or benthic. The properties of the NOM and the DBP precursor content of that NOM are unique to each source. The first objective of this dissertation was to use temporal and spatial water quality data from a drinking …
Modeling Deformation Behavior And Strength Characteristics Of Sand-Silt Mixtures: A Micromechanical Approach, Mehrashk Meidani
Modeling Deformation Behavior And Strength Characteristics Of Sand-Silt Mixtures: A Micromechanical Approach, Mehrashk Meidani
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation is comprised of six chapters. In the first chapter the motivation of this research, which was modeling the deformation behavior and strength characteristics of soils under internal erosion, is briefly explained. In the second chapter a micromechanis-based stress-strain model developed for prediction of sand-silt mixtures behavior is presented. The components of the micromechanics-based model are described and undrained behavior of six different types of sand-silt mixtures is predicted for several samples with different fines contents. The need for a more comprehensive compression model for sand-silt mixtures is identified at the end of this chapter. This desired compression model …
An Experimental Investigation Of The Influence Of Sampling On The Behavior Of Intermediate Soils, William Lukas
An Experimental Investigation Of The Influence Of Sampling On The Behavior Of Intermediate Soils, William Lukas
Doctoral Dissertations
Laboratory tests were performed in order to determine the effects of tube sampling disturbance on intermediate soils. Synthetic soils composed of Kaolin clay and silica silt, a reconstituted natural silt, and block sample specimens of a sensitive marine clay were tested. Tube sampling disturbance was simulated in a triaxial stress path system with bender element using the Ideal Sampling Approach prior to reconsolidation and undrained shear. ISA strain cycles of ±0.5, ±1 and ±3% were used to represent progressively greater degrees of disturbance. The influence of overconsolidation ratio (OCR) was explored by testing at OCRs of 1, 1.8, 3.6 and …
Role Of Manganese Oxide In The Formation Of Disinfection Byproducts In Drinking Water Treatment, Arianne A. Bazilio
Role Of Manganese Oxide In The Formation Of Disinfection Byproducts In Drinking Water Treatment, Arianne A. Bazilio
Doctoral Dissertations
This work examined the role of manganese oxide (MnOx) in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment. DBPs are of increasing concern as more is being learned about their carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. Studies were performed to determine the impact of MnOx and free chlorine (Cl2), used for dissolved manganese (Mn(II) removal, on the formation of these undesirable byproducts. Batch experiment results showed that the presence of MnOx did not significantly increase the haloacetic acid or trihalomethane concentrations. Rates of DBP formation were also similar in the absence and presence of Mn(II) …