Engineering Commons^™

Modeling Of Amine-Based Co2 Capture Process, Zafar Safarovich Turakulov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

A significant factor influencing climate change is the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere as a consequence of human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Climate change can be slowed down by taking action to mitigate industrial-scale CO₂ emissions. Currently, the most advanced technology for capturing CO₂ from industrial flue gases is the post-combustion CO₂ capture based on amine absorption. However, due to the high energy penalties of existing CO₂ capture technologies and insufficient carbon markets, it is necessary to develop methods that compete with these technologies or minimize their …

Amine-Functionalized Interpenetrating Polymer Networks For Co2 Capture, James Wills

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The research performed looked to advance the studies of vacuum swing absorption of Carbon Dioxide to help combat global climate change issues. The focus of the project was to create an anime-polymer sorbent that will weakly absorb and desorb CO2. The sorbent must be durable and be able to withstand multiple uses. The creation of a porous polymer matrix aided in the amines' ability to absorb CO2. Created samples underwent several qualitative and quantitative tests to determine their usefulness as an industrial sorbent. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effectiveness of the amine sorbents. Studying the changes in the …

Production Of Lime-Ammonium Nitrate Based On Chalk, Nitrate And Ammonium Sulfate, O.X. Rasulov, Abdurasul Mamataliyev, M.X. Dadaxodjaeva, Sh.S. Namazov, B.M. Beglov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article studies the process of obtaining carbonate-ammonium nitrate (CAN) based on the mixing of melt ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) with chalk (СаСО₃) and ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄). For the granulation of nitrate-sulfate-carbonate melt the prilling method is applied using a granulation tower. Determined the composition and properties of new types of fertilizers. It is shown that with the ratio NH₄NO₃ : СаСО₃ : (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 100 : 24 : 1 the product contains 28,03% N, SO₃ – 0,50%, 10% …

Study Of The Influence Of Construction And Mode Parameters On The Hydrodynamics Of A Hollow Vortex Apparatus, Bakhronov Khoshim, Akhmatov Abdumalik, Juraev Dadakhon

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The research was to determine the more efficient design of the swirler from the point of view of hydrodynamics and heat and its optimal parameters. Various swirl designs were manufactured and tested. After preliminary studies conducted on a laboratory installation with a glass working apparatus, several swirlers were selected taking into account their hydraulic resistance, the structure of the swirling gas-liquid flow, and the amount of liquid entrainment by gas. The results of an experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a hollow vortex apparatus with one and two tangential and axial swirlers. Hydraulic losses in the channel and in the …

Understanding Absorption, Supersaturation, And Drug Activity In Solution: Working Towards Developing A More Biorelevant Media, Freddy Arce

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

With the looming dominance of poorly water-soluble chemical entities within the pharmaceutical pipeline, the pharmaceutical industry has leaned on the use of supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDSs) to achieve efficacious concentrations within the gastrointestinal fluids. SDDSs aim to achieve concentrations in solutions greater than the solubility of the lowest energy crystalline form. However, the generation of supersaturated solutions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) creates a strong crystallization potential, which is undesirable.

In product development, supersaturating products often fail in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials due to poor oral bioavailability and a lack of in vivo efficacy. Pre-clinical testing …

Prevention Of Harmful Algal Blooms By The Mitigation Of Phosphorus Nutrient Loading Via Filtration By Steel Wool And Activated Carbon, Ronald Simpson, Sara Kidd, Samantha Zidd

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a devastating ecological and economic consequence of the abundance of nutrient-rich agricultural runoff entering aquatic ecosystems (Baker et al. 2014). Bio-available phosphorus from synthetic fertilizers is one of the major nutrients contributing to this global issue. Previous studies indicated that dissolved phosphorus can be removed from an aqueous environment when passed through a composite mixture of granular steel wool particles and activated carbon (Erickson, Gulliver, and Weiss, 2007). In this project, we conducted experiments using higher quality concentration measurements to determine what grades of steel wool (SW-0000, SW-000, SW-00) and types of activated carbon (granulated …

Absorption Of Carbon Dioxide Via Single And Blends Of Aqueous Amine Solutions And Nanofluids In Gasliquid Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor, Zia Ur Rehman Said Rehman

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Theses

In this work, CO₂ gas was absorbed from a gas mixture (20 vol.% CO₂ + 80 vol.% N₂) in a custom made Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane contactors by using a variety of single and blends of aqueous amine solutions and nanofluids. An ultrasonic dispersion method was used to prepare nanofluids where SiO₂ nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in deionized (DI) water without adding any surfactant. The prepared solvents were fed into the tube side of the membrane module, whereas the gas mixture was passed through the shell side. CO₂ absorption experiments were carried out using four …

Experimental And Modeling Of Co2 Removal From Gas Mixtures Using Membrane Contractors Packed With Glass Beads., Farah O.S. Abuhatab

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Theses

Natural gas is one of the major natural resources in UAE which carries significant amounts of acid gases. For the purpose of utilizing or liquefying, the gas must be pre-treated by separating the major non-hydrocarbon gases, namely C0₂. Typical C0₂ separation processes involve separation using sorbents or solvent, cryogenic or membrane. Among these processes, the chemical absorption considered to be the most effective process to remove C0₂. However, this process carries several drawbacks such as flooding, foaming, entraining, channeling, and most importantly high capital and operating costs.

An integrated unit called gas absorption membrane (GAM) …

Experimental And Modeling Of Co₂ Removal From Gas Mixtures Using Membrane Contactors Packed With Glass Beads, Farah O. S. Abuhatab

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Theses

Natural gas is one of the major natural resources in UAE which carries significant amounts of acid gases. For the purpose of utilizing or liquefying, the gas must be pre-treated by separating the major non-hydrocarbon gases, namely CO₂. Typical CO₂ separation processes involve separation using sorbents or solvent, cryogenic or membrane. Among these processes, the chemical absorption considered to be the most effective process to remove CO₂. However, this process carries several drawbacks such as flooding, foaming, entraining, channeling, and most importantly high capital and operating costs.

An integrated unit called gas absorption membrane (GAM) consists of combining chemical absorption …

Understanding The Thermodynamics And Oral Absorption Potential Of Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersions, Nico Setiawan

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Supersaturating drug delivery systems, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), have been used extensively to elevate the apparent solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, despite the numerous examples of success in increasing solubility and oral bioavailability using ASDs, physical stability challenges remain as formulators seek to employ high drug loading for cost reduction and improved patient compliance. Therefore, stability in both the solid and solution state must be considered for ASDs to be successful. In the solid state, the drug must remain amorphous in the solid matrix throughout the shelf life of the product. Although excipients, such …

Sorption Of Benzene, Dichloroethane, Chloroform And Dichloromethane By Polyethylene Glycol, Polycaprolactone And Their Copolymers At 298.15 K Using A Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Abhijeet Radhakrishna Iyer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are acoustic wave sensor systems which are used majorly for vapor and liquid sensing. QCM come under the category of thickness shear mode (TSM) sensors. There are several methods to study organic vapor sensing; the QCM method is the one that offers the highest sensitivity and generates the most data. Solubilities of benzene, dichloroethane, chloroform and dichloromethane in polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), and several di-block PEG/PCL copolymers at 298.15 K are reported. There are literature data available for most of the solvents in the homopolymers PEG and PCL but no literature data is available for …

Ionic Liquids Tethered To Activated Carbon For Capture Of Airborne Toxins, Devin Peck

Dissertations and Theses

Ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated for functionalization of activated carbon (AC) adsorbents for the filtration of warfare toxins. Preliminary steps were taken by testing absorption capacity of neat ILs and tethering ionic liquids to the surface of AC. AC is known to have good adsorption ability for warfare agents. Functionalizing the AC with ILs could enhance the capture ability significantly. ILs have been found to be good absorbents for a variety of gaseous species. The absorption selectivity and capacity can be tuned by changing the anion-cation pair. By tethering ILs to AC, the beneficial properties of gas absorption from ILs …

Experimental Investigation Of Co2 Transport Through Combined Membrane Absorber And Regenerator, Nima Mohammadrasool Atbaei

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Theses

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have been known to contribute significantly to global warming, which in turn has resulted in serious global environmental problems. Carbon dioxide is the main gaseous contaminant in the atmosphere, representing about 80% of greenhouse gases. It is reported that industry and power plants using fossil fuels such as coal-combustion power generators produce half of the CO₂ emissions. These emissions create the need for low energy-consumption, and efficient technologies for the capture and removal of CO₂ from gas mixtures produced by industrial sources.

Conventional gas absorption processes for the removal of CO_{2 …}

A Novel Approach To Carbon Dioxide Capture And Storage, Brett P. Spigarelli

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

The novel approach to carbon capture and storage (CCS) described in this dissertation is a significant departure from the conventional approach to CCS. The novel approach uses a sodium carbonate solution to first capture CO₂ from post combustion flue gas streams. The captured CO₂ is then reacted with an alkaline industrial waste material, at ambient conditions, to regenerate the carbonate solution and permanently store the CO₂ in the form of an added value carbonate mineral. Conventional CCS makes use of a hazardous amine solution for CO₂ capture, a costly thermal regeneration stage, and the underground storage …

Chlorine Absorption Utilizing Caustic Sodium Sulfite, Henry Mcdonald

All Theses

A scrubber was required to abate a waste stream containing chlorine gas created in the electrolytic dissolution step of the aqueous polishing process at the Mixed Oxides Fuel Fabrication Facility at Savannah River Site, South Carolina. A method of absorption that utilized caustic sodium sulfite as the scrubbing agent was studied for implementation in the process. This method was found to be highly efficient with respect to process requirements, and it was also found to provide enhanced performance over the more conventional method of chlorine scrubbing which uses only aqueous sodium hydroxide as a reagent. Sulfite provides an additional advantage …

A Model On An Entrained Bed-Bubbling Bed Process For Co2 Capture From Flue Gas, Jeong-Hoo Choi, Chang-Keun Yi, Sung-Ho Jo

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

A simplified model has been developed to investigate effects of important operating parameters on performance of an entrained-bed absorber and bubbling-bed regenerator system collecting CO2 from flue gas. The particle population balance was considered together with chemical reaction to determine the extent of conversion in both absorber and regenerator. Effects of several absorber parameters was tested in a laboratory scale process. The CO2 capture efficiency decreased as temperature or gas velocity increased. However, it increased with static bed height or moisture concentration. The CO2 capture efficiency was exponentially proportional to each parameter. Based on the absolute value of exponent of …

The Rate Of Fluid Absorption In Porous Media, Ran Wei Rioux

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fluid flow in porous media is an important process for many applications such as oil recovery, packed bed absorption colun~ns and filtration. Short time fluid uptake is important for processes such as textile sizing, paper coating and printing. But more work is needed to characterize the parameters that determine the absorption rate. This work is focused on short time absorption rate on uncoated and coated paper. Absorption rate is measured with a Bristow Wheel device for seven different uncoated papers and eleven coated papers. Gloss dynamics of freshly printed samples and tack dynamics are measured with two novel devices. Various …

Absorption Of Co2 Through Hollow Fiber Membranes Using Aqueous Solutions Of Various Absorbents, Praveen Babu Kosaraju

Theses

Absorption behavior of CO₂ was studied in different hollow fiber membrane modules fabricated using Celgard (polypropylene) and poly(4-methylpentene-1) microporous hollow fibers. Pure water, aqueous solutions of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation zero and monoethanolamine (MEA) were used as the absorbent; the absorbent solution flowed through the fiber bore, the gas mixture of C02 and N2 flowed countercurrently on the shell side. The system consisted of absorption in one module and stripping with Helium in another module of the same fibers. The absorption characteristics of the dendrimer solution and the MEA solution were studied in the modules built of Celgard …

The Effects Of Multiple Electroplated Zinc Layers On The Inhibition Of Hydrogen Permeation Through An Iron Membrane, D. H. Coleman, G. Zheng, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

The Devanathan-Stachurski permeation technique was used to investigate the rate of hydrogen permeation through an iron membrane with consecutively electroplated zinc layers. Hydrogen evolution rates and hydrogen permeation rates were followed as functions of time at different applied potentials. Hydrogen evolution and permeation decreased with each successive zinc layer until finally reaching an average decrease of 93 and 96%, respectively, as compared with bare iron. Hydrogen surface coverage, exchange current density, absorption-adsorption reaction constant, and hydrogen recombination constant were estimated on bare iron and on zinc-plated iron. It was found that the decrease in the permeation rate of hydrogen through …

Effect Of Temperature On Rate Of Absorption Of Ammonia By Water In Packed Tower, Chhotu B. Patel

Theses

Measurements of the rate of absorption of ammonia in water have been made using a 4-inch diameter Lucite column With porcelain Raschig rings packed to a height of 3 feet, Tests were made with water rates of 462 and 695 lbs./ hr-ft² and a constant gas rate of 130 lbs/hr-ft² with liquid temperature verying from 72° F. to 110° F.

At constant liquid and gas rate, the mass transfer coefficient, Κ_Ga, decreases with increasing liquid temperature and in represented by straight lines on plot of Κ_Ga versus temperature. The variation of Κ_Ga …