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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Mapping Of Auditory Cortical Functions Using Electrocorticography, James Robert Swift
Mapping Of Auditory Cortical Functions Using Electrocorticography, James Robert Swift
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Communication is a dynamic process through which we translate our inner thoughts in such a way that they can be shared with another person. This complex neurological phenomenon is a key predictor of our productivity and health. When our ability to communicate is compromised, our quality of life suffers. Although numerous methods to investigate the neuroscientific underpinnings of human language exist, our understanding of this process remains incomplete. Improving our understanding of where, when, and how auditory cortical activity occurs can enhance diagnostic techniques and improve treatment methods for neurological conditions that can impact auditory processing, such as epilepsy, or …
Intrabodies Reveal Critical Steps Involved In Ricin's Interactions With The Ribosome, Timothy Francis Czajka
Intrabodies Reveal Critical Steps Involved In Ricin's Interactions With The Ribosome, Timothy Francis Czajka
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ricin is a highly lethal protein toxin derived from the seeds of the castor plant, Ricinus communis. It is a Type II ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), meaning it is a heterodimer with one subunit, ricin toxin B (RTB), that mediates cell surface attachment and intracellular trafficking and a second subunit, ricin toxin A (RTA), that irreversibly shuts down protein synthesis in the cytosol. During trafficking, RTA and RTB necessarily separate in the endoplasmic reticulum, wherein RTA unfolds and translocates into the cytosol where it refolds into an enzymatically active conformation. RTA is remarkably fast acting and efficient, with few molecules …
The Brain's Large-Scale Electrophysiological Signals : Fundamental Attributes And Neurosurgical Applications, Mohammad Amin N/A Nourmohammadi
The Brain's Large-Scale Electrophysiological Signals : Fundamental Attributes And Neurosurgical Applications, Mohammad Amin N/A Nourmohammadi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Brain’s electrophysiological signals are most certainly the ultimate source for studying the sophisticated neural network inside our cranium. The unparalleled complexity of these biosignalsis the quintessential manifestation of their underlying complicated neurophysiological processes. Studying brain signals on the cellular level provides valuable information regarding the brain’s electrophysiology on the small-scale. However, it is the remarkable network in the large-scale that gives rise to the brain’s extraordinary attributes and exceptional capabilities—perception, cognition, computation, and consciousness are all the emergent byproducts of the dynamic neuronal interactions on the network level. In this sense, the large-scale electrophysiological signals, recorded from the surface of …
Increasing Performance Of Classifiers For Ssvep-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Extension Methods, Ethan Douglas Webster
Increasing Performance Of Classifiers For Ssvep-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Extension Methods, Ethan Douglas Webster
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide an alternative communication method that does not require standard physical mediums (speech, typing, etc.). These systems have been implemented to provide additional communication and control options for people with certain motor disabilities. Classification is an important part of BCI systems and consists of inferring user commands from brain activity. Supervised classification methods often achieve higher accuracy, but unsupervised classification methods are useful when training is not practical for the user. This thesis focuses on unsupervised classification algorithms used for a BCI speller application and presents extensions for two existing classifiers that improve classification accuracy and thus …
Investigation Of The Ms2 Bacteriophage Capsid As An Mri-Capable, Brain-Targeted Nanoparticle Platform, Stephanie M. Curley
Investigation Of The Ms2 Bacteriophage Capsid As An Mri-Capable, Brain-Targeted Nanoparticle Platform, Stephanie M. Curley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Novel methods are needed to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to specific targets in the brain. To this end, MS2 bacteriophage was explored as a multifunctional transport and targeting vector. The MS2 capsid exterior was modified with two different targeting moieties for delivery across the BBB and targeting specific regions of interest in the brain. Successful modification of MS2 capsids with a brain targeting peptide and NMDAR2D-targeting antibody was confirmed by immunoblotting and fluorescence detection. To measure transport efficiency of MS2 particles across an in vitro BBB model, a highly sensitive RT-qPCR protocol was developed and implemented. …
Detecting And Analyzing Trna Modification Systems And Homologs Using In Silico And Colorectal Cancer Models, Khadijah Onanuga
Detecting And Analyzing Trna Modification Systems And Homologs Using In Silico And Colorectal Cancer Models, Khadijah Onanuga
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
tRNA modifications can be considered epitranscriptomic signaling components that regulate translation and play integral roles in stress response pathways. As such, tRNA modification enzymes have roles in cancer etiology and potential utility as biomarkers of pathological states. For my thesis project I have used computational and wet bench approaches to study tRNA modification systems. Chapter two of my thesis deals with tRNA modification detection, as current methods are costly, time consuming, and require RNA fragmentation. I present a single-molecule-based approach for RNA modification detection, which involves in slico studies using a 5-layered graphene nanopore. Our simulations using a 1.5 nm …
Profiling Resistance To P450-Activated Food Carcinogens Using Toxicogenomic Approaches In Budding Yeast, Nicholas Stjohn
Profiling Resistance To P450-Activated Food Carcinogens Using Toxicogenomic Approaches In Budding Yeast, Nicholas Stjohn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The human response to environmental carcinogens, some of which require metabolic activation, is highly variable. Factors such as environment, lifestyle, and genetics all influence the rates of exposure to and ultimate bioactivation of these compounds. Genetic factors include mutations to cell-cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and DNA repair genes; however, epidemiological studies may lack significance due to inadequate patient numbers. We used budding yeast as a model organism to determine genetic susceptibility to food-associated carcinogens, including aflatoxin (AFB1) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Budding yeast does not contain P450s that activate these compounds, so expression vectors were induced that contain human …
Investigation Of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen As A Novel Nanodendrimer For Therapeutic Delivery, Sarah Ann Engelberth
Investigation Of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen As A Novel Nanodendrimer For Therapeutic Delivery, Sarah Ann Engelberth
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The field of medicinal chemistry is ever expanding, designing and discovering new therapeutic strategies. Oftentimes, it is challenging for these therapeutics to undergo clinical translation due to ineffective administration or unwanted toxicity in vivo. As such, drug delivery vehicles are designed to overcome these hurdles, allowing for delivery to the site of action by improving biodistribution, protecting therapeutic cargo, and decreasing toxicity. The work presented here aims to investigate a naturally-derived carbohydrate nanodendrimer, enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) for drug delivery. This nontoxic, highly-branched, glucose-based structure has interior void volumes to allow for cargo encapsulation as well as a large density …
Restriction And Characterization Of Human Breast Cancer Using A Three-Dimensional Embryonic Stem Cell Model, Bridget Mooney
Restriction And Characterization Of Human Breast Cancer Using A Three-Dimensional Embryonic Stem Cell Model, Bridget Mooney
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Human breast cancer is currently the highest diagnosed form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American women. Triple negative breast cancer is of the basal subtype and displays the worst prognosis owing to its highly metastatic properties. Current treatments focused on eradicating breast tumors in lieu of or following local therapy include chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. Hormonal therapy is not an option for triple negative breast cancer as it does not contain hormone receptors and there are currently no approved biological targeted therapies. Chemotherapy has proven unsuccessful because triple negative breast cancer is …
Nanotechnology & Human Stem Cells : Applications In Cardiogenesis And Neurogenesis, Martin Lyubomirov Tomov
Nanotechnology & Human Stem Cells : Applications In Cardiogenesis And Neurogenesis, Martin Lyubomirov Tomov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Human stem cell research holds an unprecedented promise to revolutionize the way we approach medicine and healthcare in general, moving us from a position of mostly addressing the symptoms to a state where treatments can focus on removing the underlying causes of a condition. Stem cell research can shed light into normal developmental pathways, as we are beginning to replicate them in a petri dish and can also be used to model diseases and abnormal conditions. Direct applications can range from finding cures for single or multigene diseases to demonstrating that we can replace these genes with a normal copy. …
3d-Bioengineering Of The Conventional Outflow Tract For High Throughput Drug Or Gene Transfer Screening For Glaucoma Treatment, Cula Nolise Dautriche
3d-Bioengineering Of The Conventional Outflow Tract For High Throughput Drug Or Gene Transfer Screening For Glaucoma Treatment, Cula Nolise Dautriche
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Among ocular pathologies, glaucoma remains the second leading cause of blindness. The molecular mechanisms that lead to glaucoma have been attributed to damage of the conventional outflow tract. Conventional outflow tissues, a composite of the trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's canal, regulate and maintain homeostatic responses of aqueous humor outflow. In glaucoma, drainage of aqueous humor into the Schlemm's canal is hindered, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). That increase in IOP is directly correlated with retinal ganglion cell death, eliminating the relay of visual information to the thalamus and visual cortex, leading to blindness. Although disturbance in …
Comparison Of Glucose, Fructose And Sucrose Amperometric And Thermal Sensors For Detection Of Carbohydrates In Living Plant Tissue, Scott Mcadoo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ecologists currently cannot test concentrations of carbohydrates in sap in vivo. Testing carbohydrates with current technology would require destructive tissue sampling. The tissue sampling involves large amounts of time and money to collect and test. Aphids are an insect that can bypass a tree’s passive immune system and feed off a phloem region for weeks. A series of enzymatic biosensors could be used to detect the concentration changes of specific carbohydrates. A calcium chelant can be added to defeat a tree’s immune system like an aphid. The detection of three carbohydrates, fructose, glucose and sucrose are involved in this study. …
Creation Of A 3d Construct To Aid Cell Migration And Promote Cell Capture, Joseph Michael Sanders
Creation Of A 3d Construct To Aid Cell Migration And Promote Cell Capture, Joseph Michael Sanders
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Most cancer-related deaths are attributed to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is a complex environment which is not fully understood. The Nano Intravital Device (NANIVID) is a versatile, biocompatible device that allows for the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment in vitro and in vivo, providing a platform to study various aspects of tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to modify the NANIVID to resemble the tumor microenvironment in order to allow for a seamless transition from the in vivo environment into the engineered environment within the NANIVID. This engineered microenvironment will promote cell migration and cell capture. It has …
Bioengineering In Vitro Human Trabecular Meshwork Models For Glaucoma Therapeutic Screening, Karen Yud Torrejon
Bioengineering In Vitro Human Trabecular Meshwork Models For Glaucoma Therapeutic Screening, Karen Yud Torrejon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Glaucoma refers to a group of slowly progressing eye disorders that lead to damage to the optic nerve, resulting in irreversible vision loss. Recent statistics by the World Health Organization places glaucoma as a leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting nearly 80 million people. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only effective target for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma. IOP is mostly controlled by the outflow of the aqueous humor (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The TM and adjacent endothelium of Schlemm’s canal, known as the conventional outflow-tract, control AH outflow and thus determine IOP.
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes …
Expanding Applications Of The Nano Intravital Device As A Platform For Exploring Tumor Microenvironments, Michael Padgen
Expanding Applications Of The Nano Intravital Device As A Platform For Exploring Tumor Microenvironments, Michael Padgen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated to be a key determinant in the progression of cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the different microenvironments (cytokine gradients, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, etc) have not been fully elucidated. Identifying these mechanisms can lead to targeted, individualized therapy to prevent metastasis. The Nano Intravital Device (NANIVID) is a microfabricated, implantable device designed to initiate specific microenvironments in vivo so that the time course of the effects can be observed. With both spatial and temporal control over the induced environments, the affected regions of the tumor can be compared to the rest of the tumor. The NANIVID …
Biomacromolecule Conjugated Nanofiber Scaffold For Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering, Kavitha Jayarathanam
Biomacromolecule Conjugated Nanofiber Scaffold For Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering, Kavitha Jayarathanam
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT :
Ph Regulation And The Assessment Of Renal Injury Biomarkers In A Warm Perfusion Renal Allograft Preservation System, Aaron Meyer
Ph Regulation And The Assessment Of Renal Injury Biomarkers In A Warm Perfusion Renal Allograft Preservation System, Aaron Meyer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A shortage of viable kidneys available for transplantation exists today, as the number of individuals waiting for a kidney transplant continues to grow while the number of kidneys available each year for transplantation has remained stagnant. The development of technology that will allow for transplantation of organs that currently may be considered too damaged for transplant will provide access to a large number of donors who have experienced traumatic injury deaths resulting in loss of cardiac function. These potential donors account for the majority of all traumatic injury deaths in intensive care units, however their organs have experienced a degree …
Probe Immobilization Strategies And Device Optimization For Novel Transistor-Based Dna Sensors, Nicholas Michael Fahrenkopf
Probe Immobilization Strategies And Device Optimization For Novel Transistor-Based Dna Sensors, Nicholas Michael Fahrenkopf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research presented herein exploits the terminal phosphate group on single stranded DNA molecules for direct immobilization to surfaces utilized in semiconductor device fabrication with the end goal of transistor based DNA sensors. As a demonstration of the feasibility of this immobilization strategy DNA immobilization to a variety of surfaces was evaluated for usefulness in biosensor applications. It was determined that DNA can be directly immobilized to a variety of semiconductor surfaces through the terminal phosphate group. Further, this immobilization allows for the hybridization of the immobilized DNA to complementary target in solution. The immobilization of DNA to hafnium dioxide …
Micropatterned Electrospun Nanofibrous Substrates As Scaffolds For Engineered Salivary Glands, David Alexander Soscia
Micropatterned Electrospun Nanofibrous Substrates As Scaffolds For Engineered Salivary Glands, David Alexander Soscia
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The salivary gland is a complex organ exhibiting a branching, 3-dimensional structure made up of acinar (saliva-producing), and ductal (saliva transporting and modifying) epithelial cells. The high surface area of the gland allows it to efficiently provide the mouth with saliva, maintaining oral cleanliness and comfort. Salivary gland hypofunction, a significant clinical problem often caused by the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or head and neck radiation for cancer patients, affects millions of Americans and is characterized by a loss of function of salivary gland acinar cells. Chronic xerostomia, or dry mouth, arises as a result of salivary gland hypofunction and …
Bioengineering Embryonic Microenvironment For Exploring Stem Cell-Breast Cancer Cell Interactions, Nurazhani Abdul Raof
Bioengineering Embryonic Microenvironment For Exploring Stem Cell-Breast Cancer Cell Interactions, Nurazhani Abdul Raof
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells and breast cancer cells share similar signaling pathways that allow cells to proliferate and differentiate. However, signaling molecules in cancer cells are misexpressed. Cell microenvironments that consist of many factors such as soluble factors, extracellular matrices, and neighboring cells, play a pivotal role in determining cellular fate. The exposure of ES cell microenvironments to cancer cells may address the missing components in the tumor microenvironment, which could inhibit tumorigenesis or reprogram cancer cells into a less invasive phenotype. In this thesis, in vitro ES cell microenvironments have been engineered three-dimensionally via alginate hydrogel encapsulation and patterned …
Virus Capsids As Nanoscale Delivery Vessels Of Photoactive Compounds For Site-Specific Photodynamic Therapy, Brian Alexander Cohen
Virus Capsids As Nanoscale Delivery Vessels Of Photoactive Compounds For Site-Specific Photodynamic Therapy, Brian Alexander Cohen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research presented in this work details the use of a viral capsid as an addressable delivery vessel of photoactive compounds for use in photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that involves the interaction of light with a photosensitizing molecule to create singlet oxygen, a reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of singlet oxygen in cells can cause oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and eventually cell death. Challenges with the current generation of FDA-approved photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy primarily stem from their lack of tissue specificity. This work describes the packaging of photoactive cationic porphyrins inside the MS2 bacteriophage capsid, followed …
Nanivid : A New Research Tool For Tissue Microenvironment Studies, Waseem Khan Raja
Nanivid : A New Research Tool For Tissue Microenvironment Studies, Waseem Khan Raja
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Metastatic tumors are heterogeneous in nature and composed of subpopulations of cells having various metastatic potentials. The time progression of a tumor creates a unique microenvironment to improve the invasion capabilities and survivability of cancer cells in different microenvironments. In the early stages of intravasation, cancer cells establish communication with other cell types through a paracrine loop and covers long distances by sensing growth factor gradients through extracellular matrices. Cellular migration both in vitro and in vivo is a complex process and to understand their motility in depth, sophisticated techniques are required to document and record events in real time. …
Biotechnology For Immune Cell Detection And Evaluation : Devices Specifically Designed To Capture, Detect Or To Evaluate Alterations In Leukocyte Structure And Function, Thomas Joseph Zieziulewicz
Biotechnology For Immune Cell Detection And Evaluation : Devices Specifically Designed To Capture, Detect Or To Evaluate Alterations In Leukocyte Structure And Function, Thomas Joseph Zieziulewicz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The advent of Nano-biotechnology has opened a whole new area of biological study that has allowed us to pattern, manipulate, separate, evaluate and detect biological structures and functions that were previously not possible. This dissertation will describe different types of micro-fabricated devices that were designed to quantify and/or evaluate the functional activities of cells of the immune system. The micro-fabricated devices were developed in collaboration with our colleagues at Princeton University as part of our Cellular Micro-dynamics Program of the Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC) at Cornell University.
Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Cell Culture Systems For Modeling Neural Tissue, John P. Frampton
Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Cell Culture Systems For Modeling Neural Tissue, John P. Frampton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Two-dimensional (2-D) neural cell culture systems have served as physiological models for understanding the cellular and molecular events that underlie responses to physical and chemical stimuli, control sensory and motor function, and lead to the development of neurological diseases. However, the development of three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture systems will be essential for the advancement of experimental research in a variety of fields including tissue engineering, chemical transport and delivery, cell growth, and cell-cell communication. In 3-D cell culture, cells are provided with an environment similar to tissue, in which they are surrounded on all sides by other cells, structural molecules …
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Microsensor With A Nanoscale Conducting Matrix And Redox Mediator, Daniel Pesantez
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Microsensor With A Nanoscale Conducting Matrix And Redox Mediator, Daniel Pesantez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The major limiting factor in kidney clinical transplantation is the shortage of transplantable organs. The current inability to distinguish viability from non-viability on a prospective basis represents a major obstacle in any attempt to expand organ donor criteria. Consequently, a way to measure and monitor a relevant analyte to assess kidney viability is needed. For the first time, the initial development and characterization of a metabolic microsensor to assess kidney viability is presented. The rate of glucose consumption appears to serve as an indicator of kidney metabolism that may distinguish reversible from irreversible kidney damage. The proposed MetaSense (Metabolic Sensor) …