Special Education and Teaching Commons^™

A Phenomenological Study On Childcare Teachers’ Experience Teaching Children With Developmental Delays And Disabilities, Joan Morris Fraser

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of childcare center teachers who taught students with developmental delays and disabilities (DDDs) in three childcare centers located in New York State. Grounded in Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory, the study explored how teachers foster inclusive classroom environments that support children’s learning through social interaction and cultural context. The central research question asked: What are the shared experiences of childcare teachers who taught students with DDDs in New York State? Twelve teachers from three inner-city childcare centers serving children ages two through five participated in the study. Data …

Analysis Of Needs For Web-Based Mobile Learning Development Based On Universal Design For Learning For Students With Special Needs, Murni Winarsih, Mayasari Manar, Rohmah Ageng Mursita, Mita Septiani

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Higher education institutions still have substantial challenges when it comes to accommodating students with special needs, especially those who are visually or aurally impaired. Access to learning resources is still an issue, as are the limitations of adaptive learning media and the dominance of more conventional verbal and visual methods of information transmission. Hence, not all pupils are given the same chances throughout the learning process. With its emphasis on providing a variety of representational, interactive, and expressive tools, Universal Design for Learning (UDL) aims to meet the requirements of students with a wide range of learning styles. In order …

A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Exploring Middle School Special Education Teachers’ Experiences In Their Undergraduate Preparation Programs, Alfredia D. Simmons

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perceived effectiveness of undergraduate educator preparation programs for special education teachers in middle schools in central Georgia. The theory guiding this study was transformative learning, as proposed by, which explored adult learning and the ways individuals reflected on experiences to shift their perspectives and develop new understandings. The central research question asked: How did middle school special education teachers perceive the effectiveness of their undergraduate preparation programs in relation to their current teaching responsibilities? This transcendental phenomenological study included 10 middle school special education teachers in central Georgia. Data were …

Making Sense Of The Iep: Teacher Perspectives In Implementation In Suburban Schools, Siranda J. Patchel

All NMU Master's Theses

The Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legal requirement and instructional framework to support students with disabilities. However, inconsistency among IEP classroom implementation is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of IEPs for students with disabilities as reported by general and special educators in suburban settings, in addition to examining educators’ perceptions of their preparedness and comprehension of IEP-related responsibilities.

The qualitative research design incorporated a survey and follow-up interview response analysis of educators who worked in suburban schools. The responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach that consisted of open coding and …

Effects Of Peer-Mediated Constant Time Delay Instruction On Science Vocabulary Acquisition For Students With Moderate Intellectual Disabilities, Amy S. Roberts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effectiveness of combining peer-mediated embedded instruction with constant time-delay (CTD) procedures to improve Agriscience vocabulary learning among secondary students with moderate intellectual disability who were educated in an inclusive Agriscience classroom. A multiple-probe across participants design was conducted with three students with moderate intellectual disability. Trained peer tutors provided embedded vocabulary instruction during naturally occurring classroom activities. Results showed an increase in independent correct responding for all participants following the implementation of the intervention. Procedural fidelity, interobserver agreement, Tau-U effect size, and social validity data further demonstrated that the intervention was implemented consistently and was viewed …

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of Novice Elementary Teachers' Perceptions Of Managing The Behavioral Needs Of Students With Disabilities In Inclusive Classrooms, Jordan Brooke Royalty

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of managing the behavioral needs of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms for novice elementary general education teachers at public elementary schools in a southern state. The theory guiding this study is Bandura’s social cognitive theory, as it underscores the role of personal experiences, social interactions, and self-efficacy in shaping behavior and professional competence. The central research question guiding this study is: What are the lived experiences of novice elementary general education teachers managing the behavioral needs of students with disabilities in an inclusive classroom setting in …

Preparing General Education Teachers For Implementing Accommodations In Inclusive Classrooms, Katherine J. Ramirez

PhD in Education

The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of general education teachers and their perceptions of preparedness to implement accommodations after attending specialized, targeted training. The study included one research question, which focused on the teachers’ perceived preparedness to implement accommodations after attending specialized training. The study was influenced by the work of Mezirow (1997) and Meyer et al. (2014) and incorporated transformative learning theory and universal design for learning (UDL) elements. The researcher used convenience sampling to select seven general education teachers who taught inclusion classes in Central Florida to participate in the study. …

Educator Perception Of Principal Leadership For Developing Teacher Self-Efficacy In Inclusive Education, Jessica L. Jones

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative study explored general education teacher perceptions of the most impactful principal leadership actions for developing teacher self-efficacy for the education of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms and schools. An Inclusive Leadership Practices survey was developed by the researcher using qualitative research from Whybrew (2018), the Essential Best Practices in Inclusive Schools Tool (Jorgensen et al., 2012), and leadership research by Hitt and Tucker (2016). General education teachers with experience teaching students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms who chose to participate in this study completed the survey as a measure of their perceptions on inclusive leadership practices. They …

Perceptions Of Effective Co-Teaching Partnerships In High School Inclusive Classrooms, Korri-Lee S. Wood

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the characteristics and contextual factors that general education and special education teachers perceive as essential for effective co-teaching partnerships in high school inclusive classrooms. The study, which involved in-depth interviews with general and special education teachers in co-teaching partnerships, was conducted within a constructivist paradigm to shed light on interpersonal, communicative, and systemic variables that contribute to a positive, productive co-teaching experience. Purposeful sampling was employed to select general and special education teachers who were part of co-teaching partnerships. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data from semi-structured interviews, and an …

A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Higher Education Faculty Towards Inclusion Of Racial And Ethnic Minority Students With Disabilities, Aimee Grace Regala

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of higher education faculty toward the inclusion of racial and ethnic minority students with disabilities at a historically Black college and university in the mid-Atlantic region in the United States. The theory guiding this study was Alexander Astin's input-environment-outcome (I-E-O) model. Transcendental study captured the essence of higher education faculty's experiences in implementing inclusive practices for racial and ethnic minority students with disabilities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group interviews. Data were analyzed through epoché, phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation to answer the …

Exploring The Experiences Of Physically Challenged Students Enrolled In Path-Fit Courses: A Case Study, Princess Jhoarn A. Sarael, Shermina C. Yusop, Jessel A. Lapinig, Chandelyn C. Linto, Vanessa Lynne C. Seville

Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities

This qualitative case study explores physically challenged students’ experiences in PATH-fit courses within Philippine higher education, investigating their challenges and adaptive strategies. Through in-depth interviews with five students and two instructors in Pagadian City, researchers uncovered significant barriers, including exercise difficulties, physical discomfort, and social exclusion that profoundly impacted course participation. Despite facing substantial obstacles, students demonstrated remarkable resilience by developing innovative coping mechanisms such as proactive instructor communication, creative alternative activity engagement, and strategic leveraging of written assignments. Employing Resiliency Theory, the research challenged conventional disability perspectives, emphasizing that students’ true potential lies in psychological flexibility and problem-solving skills …

Hip-Hop Culture As A Catalyst For Belonging Among Black Male High School Students Who Stutter, Antonio L. Ellis

Journal of the Arts and Special Education

This ethnographic study explores how Hip-Hop culture fosters belonging, identity, and agency among six Black male high school students who stutter in a public charter school in Baltimore, Maryland. Grounded in culturally sustaining pedagogy, DisCrit, and Hip-Hop pedagogy, the research draws on participant observation, interviews, and field notes to examine how students use freestyling, beat-making, and cyphering as expressive tools. Findings reveal that Hip-Hop repositions stuttering as rhythmic expression, cultivates emotional safety through peer collaboration, and challenges deficit-based speech norms. Participants described Hip-Hop spaces as sites of affirmation where their voices were valued and their identities celebrated. The study calls …

Supporting Students’ Progress And Academic Attainment: The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Inclusive Education In Uae Schools, Ahmed Adel Aggour

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This thesis examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in strengthening student progress tracking and advancing inclusive education in United Arab Emirates (UAE) schools. Aligned with UAE Vision 2071 and the AI Strategy 2031, it addresses gaps in traditional systems such as delayed interventions, teacher workload, and lack of real-time feedback. Three research questions guided the study: What challenges do teachers face in tracking student progress? How can AI support effective monitoring? What is its impact on inclusion?

A convergent mixed-methods design was applied. A bilingual (Arabic–English) questionnaire produced 211 responses from educators across the Emirates, complemented by twelve semi-structured …

Beyond Community To Collective Care: Reimagining Inclusion For Rural Students With Disabilities, Y. Radeen Yang, Katie M. Mccabe, Sarah Bubash, Carlyn Mueller

The Rural Educator

This conceptual piece examines how prevailing notions of community in rural schools influence inclusive education practices for students with disabilities. While rural communities often emphasize care and belonging, these values can mask exclusionary practices when inclusion is treated as sameness or is assumed rather than actively cultivated. We explore how disability is acknowledged or overlooked within rural community traditions and how these dynamics sustain outdated models of special education service delivery and reinforce exclusionary practices. To reframe inclusion as a collective and relational practice, we introduce a care-based framework rooted in three interrelated components: mattering, interdependence, and accountability. Informed by …

It Shouldn’T Be About Where They Sit, But About Where They Can Succeed: A Pilot Study About Teachers’ Experiences With Lre In A Rural Middle School, Angela D. Norris, Silvia Correa-Torres, Heather Tellier

Journal of Educational Research and Innovation

One of the key principles of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) is to ensure that students with disabilities receive quality education with their non-disabled peers in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). Teachers are pivotal in fostering inclusive classrooms, yet rural schools face challenges in resource allocation, professional development, and recruitment and retention of qualified teachers and other personnel, making implementing inclusion and the LRE principle difficult. Research indicates rural educators feel ill-prepared to implement inclusive practices due to a lack of knowledge, limited resources, and specialized skills to support students who have disabilities. The purpose of this …

B. Hooks Elementary School’S Commitment To Inclusion: A Single Instrumental Case Study, Sadie Childs Cora

Educational Studies Dissertations

This study contributes to understandings of inclusive school reform by examining one school’s efforts to create a more equitable educational experience for all students. Despite widespread advocacy and legal mandates for inclusion, segregation of students with dis/abilities persists, along with significant achievement and opportunity gaps. Inclusion is one possible solution that is consistent with democratic values. This single instrumental case study was guided by three research questions focusing on how educators conceive of their efforts toward the inclusion of students with dis/abilities, changes made to support inclusion, and how educators define the success of inclusion efforts. Drawing on multiple data …

Reflection On The ‘Power Of Us’ Conference: How Mainstream Schools In England Offer Provision To Children With Special Educational Needs (Sen), Grace H A Cooper

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

The majority of children in England with Special Educational Needs or Disabilities (SEND) are educated within mainstream schools. Due to the broad range of needs of children, it is essential that mainstream schools are provided with adequate funding, preparation and training to ensure that the inclusion of every child is achievable and expected. Furthermore, sometimes schools feel that they cannot offer ample provision to give every child an equitable access to learning and therefore they are directed to SEND schooling – can a mainstream school be considered inclusive if they cannot support all children? This article will consider these arguments …

The Use Of Threat Assessment Protocols In K-12 Schools On Disciplinary Outcomes For Students With Disabilities, Natasha Lynn Mcdonald

Theses and Dissertations

School personnel utilize the BTAM process to investigate threats of violence made by students through identifying, assessing, and managing potentially dangerous situations. This process is not intended to be disciplinary in nature, and previous studies conducted have shown that when a BTAM model is implemented, students who make threats toward others receive fewer suspensions or other types of removal as a result of the threat; however data on threat assessment outcomes has not been conducted in South Carolina. The purpose of this study was to examine administrators' knowledge and perceptions of BTAM models and perceptions of discipline outcomes for students …

Behavioural Intentions And Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge Of Teachers Towards Using Artificial Intelligence To Teach Students With Learning Difficulty/Disabilities In The United Arab Emirates, Fatima Zraydi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers significant potential for identifying and supporting all students including those with learning difficulties. Although discussions on potential of AI to advance the learning of students is ongoing, AI usage among teachers to support the teaching of students with learning disabilities in non-western context such as the United Arab Emirates, is unresearched. The goal of this study was to explore the synergy between teachers’ behavioural intention and pedagogical content knowledge towards using AI to teach students with learning difficulties. The study was guided by unified theory of acceptance and use of technology …

Enhancing Digital Accessibility For Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Learners- Innovative Strategies For Inclusive Education, Felicia Rutledge Ph.D.

Developmental Disabilities Network Journal

This research-to-practice brief explores innovative strategies to enhance digital accessibility for Deaf or Hard of Hearing (D/HH) learners, focusing on practical applications for inclusive K-12 education. Despite advances in digital learning, D/HH learners face unique barriers due to auditory-centered designs. Accessibility legislation such as the ADA, Section 504, and IDEA mandate educational inclusion for these learners. Key strategies include the integration of assistive technologies (e.g., captioning, ASL video interpretation), the application of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) 3.0 guidelines, and adherence to WCAG 2.1 principles for accessible content design. The research-to-practice brief provides actionable insights for educators, administrators, and …

Bridging The Gap: Effective Training For Paraprofessionals Supporting Social-Emotional Development In Students With Sld And High-Leverage Practices For Inclusive Environments, Amanda R. Swendra

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

Abstract

As inclusive education becomes increasingly prevalent, the roles of paraprofessionals in supporting students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) have evolved significantly. Effective paraprofessional support hinges not only on daily assistance but also on meaningful training rooted in research-based strategies. High-Leverage Practices (HLPs)—core instructional, behavioral, and collaborative approaches—have emerged as essential tools in ensuring students with disabilities, including those with SLD, experience academic and social-emotional success. These students often require tailored support due to comorbid conditions such as attention difficulties, executive functioning challenges, and emotional-behavioral regulation issues (Chieffo et al., 2023; Al-Dababneh & Al-Zboon, 2018). However, the literature consistently points …

The Lived Experiences Of Disabled Students In Inclusive Classrooms, Tanner Mizel

Dissertations

This dissertation explores the lived experiences of disabled students in inclusive classrooms, with a focus on those participating in extensive support needs (ESN) programs. Intentionally inclusive of students who communicate through diverse methods, including augmentative and alternative communication devices, picture exchange communication systems, American Sign Language, and other nonspoken forms, this phenomenological case study centers the perspectives of students in one middle school’s ESN program through mobile interviews and reflective document analysis. Student perspectives are triangulated through surveys reflecting the perspectives of parents, guardians, and school staff. Grounded in disability studies in education, this study challenges deficit-based approaches to inclusive …

Understanding The Sense Of Belonging Within Inclusive Elementary Settings: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Precious La'shawn Sanders-Lewis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand how educators foster a sense of belonging for students in inclusive elementary schools. The results of this study were intended to help policymakers and teachers in inclusive elementary schools make decisions about how to encourage both students’ involvement and teachers’ effectiveness. The theory that guided this study was social identity theory, which helped in understanding how individuals perceive and express their feelings towards belonging in social groups. Tajfel’s social identity theory provided a framework to answer the central research question: What are the lived experiences of educators regarding the sense …

Public Elementary School Administrators' Perceptions Of The Systemic Factors That Relate To The Implementation Of Inclusive Education Within Their Schools, Sarah L. Mitchell

Doctor of Education Program Dissertations

This qualitative transcendental phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of public elementary school administrators in Washington state and their perceptions of the systemic factors that relate to the implementation of inclusive education within their schools. Inclusive education was defined as the placement of students with and without disabilities into general education classes to create inclusive communities, in which no differentiation is made between students with and without disabilities (Heyder et al., 2020). Systems theory was used as a theoretical framework to examine existing literature on factors that relate to inclusive education as well as to analyze data from semi-structured interviews …

Perceptions Of Educators On The Inclusion Of Students With Disabilities In The General Education Classroom, Abigail Donde

University Honors Theses

This study analyzed the perceptions of educators on how students with disabilities are supported in general education classrooms. We used semi structured interviews to find out how students with disabilities are supported both within their school, and within the district as a whole. We interviewed a total of six participants (two general education teachers, two speech language pathologists, a learning specialist, and a special education teacher) from three different schools in Oregon to see how students with disabilities are included and how those systems of inclusion differ. The results revealed that many inclusive practices and systems are implemented within schools …

Perceptions Of Teachers And Administrators On Inclusive Practices For Students With Special Needs, Jury Segers

Graduate Theses & Dissertations

This qualitative case study explores the intricate dynamics between regular education teachers, special education teachers, and administrators within the context of inclusive education and was guided by three research questions: (1) What is the existing relationship between regular education and special education teachers? (2) What role do administrators play in fostering collaborative relationships between co-teachers? (3) How does this relationship impact inclusive practices for students with special needs? Data were collected through a survey, one-on-one interviews, and focus group discussions, revealing three primary themes: leadership and direction, training, and challenges.

The findings highlight the critical role of leadership in shaping …

School Leadership For The Practice Of Inclusive Education In Elementary Schools In The United Arab Emirates, Aysha Saeed Al Nuaimi

Dissertations

The number of students with disabilities in regular classrooms is increasing. In 2020, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) introduced a new policy with the goal of promoting inclusive education in all public schools. Although the UAE government is committed to the education of children with disabilities, the role of school leaders is vital to the successful implementation of inclusive education in schools. While school leaders have been found to be the main agents in steering inclusive practices, their contribution to practices in schools in the UAE context remains empirically unresearched. The objective of this study was to explore elementary school …

Inclusion For Asd Students In The Mainstream Setting, Stephanie Rohwer

Graduate Teacher Education

This comprehensive review delves into the complexities surrounding the education of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The exploration begins by addressing educator, parental, and paraprofessional perspectives. It reveals challenges related to a lack of autism competence among teachers, managing student behavior, and the pursuit of alternative placements by parents seeking tailored educational experiences. Examining the historical context of ASD, considering its neurodevelopmental nature, emphasizes the importance of continuously evolving teacher preparedness to meet the diverse needs of students. The studies draw attention to the multifaceted challenges educators face, particularly in the absence of consistent training in evidence-based practices (EBPs) …

How Virtual Reality Simulations Prepare Teachers In Teacher Preparation Programs For Inclusive Classrooms, Lorilei G. Thompson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Teacher preparation programs are ever evolving based on research and student needs. The use of technology, such as virtual reality (VR), is at the forefront of education to help provide opportunities for teacher candidates to practice teaching in a semi-authentic classroom environment of students with and without exceptionalities. VR is a way for teacher candidates to practice teaching in a structured and conceivably less stressful environment in comparison to a real brick and mortar inclusive classroom. This qualitative study utilizes interviewing with video cuing for two novice teacher participants who went through the same inclusive education course at a major …

Investigating Teachers’ Sensemaking Process And Experiences Of Working With Students With Labels Of Autism In Saudi Arabian Public Schools: A Qualitative Collective Case Study, Hind Alharbi

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I conducted a collective qualitative case study to understand the personal experiences and sensemaking processes that teachers developed to educate students with labels of autism in inclusion settings in Riyadh public schools. Specifically, I aimed to understand how teachers’ attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding the inclusion of autistic students explained why teachers did what they did in their school context. In three rounds of semistructured interviews with eight teachers, participants explained their experiences and process of teaching students with autism. Participants also shared documents and artifacts to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of inclusion offered …