Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Army Combat Fitness Test Performance By Sex In Rotc Cadets, Kevin Lee Withrow, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The U.S. Department of Defense recently opened all combat jobs to women. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the U.S. Army’s new assessment for measuring a soldier’s ability to execute combat-related tasks. However, issues have been raised at a national level relative to the impacts of the ACFT on female personnel. As the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) is the initial entry point for many future Army officers, it is important to analyze how male and female cadets compare in their physical abilities. PURPOSE: To investigate the between-sex differences in ACFT performance in cadets from one program. METHODS …

Developing A Predictive Model For Vo2max In Middle-Distance Track And Field Athletes, Nicole Vargas, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Aerobic capacity is an indicator of an athlete’s endurance and a key predictor of performance. The greater the aerobic capacity, the more oxygen available for working muscles, leading to delays in lactate buildup, thus increasing the potential for successful performance. Studies have investigated non-exercise and/or submaximal exercise measures to predict aerobic capacity, but few have analyzed the combination of maximal exercise and non-exercise measures in Division-3 runners. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to determine the predictive ability of heart rate (HR_max), ventilation (VE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on VO …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness When Adjusting For Fitness In College-Aged Adults, Riley Morton, Kyli Alvarez, Estephania Campa, Malia Nowlen, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the largest cause of non-communicable disease death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio predict arterial stiffness. However, there is inconstancy in the literature as to which is the best predictor of arterial stiffness. Measured cardiovascular fitness is also an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and is rarely controlled for in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the superior anthropometric predictor of arterial stiffness after controlling for measured fitness.

METHODS: Healthy young adults were recruited from Grand …

Fit (And Healthy) For Duty: Lipid Profiles And Fitness Relationships From Police Officers In A Health And Wellness Program, Robert G. Lockie, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Police work can place officers at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sedentary activities, stress, shift work, sleep loss, reduced physical activity, and poor dietary choices contribute to this risk. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides) can indicate CVD risk. PURPOSE: To detail the lipid profiles of police officers from a health and wellness program in 2018-2019, and correlate lipid profiles with fitness. METHODS: Archival data for officers from 2 years of the program were analyzed (2018: 169 males, 39 females; 2019: 194 males, 43 females). Bloodwork (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) was collected in a …

Validity Of B-Mode Ultrasound For Body Composition Assessment In The Field, Nathan Jensen, Conner Dearden, Brett Holmes, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a common way to assess athlete body composition in many laboratories. While this method provides accurate values for body composition, it is not a feasible option for field work. Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using ADP. METHODS: To date, 14 actively training runners (≥ 4 hours/week for the last year) have …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Walking, Nathaniel Bodell, Bryson Carrier, Damian Gil, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is the most widely used form of exercise. Advancements in wearable technology allow for the estimation of steps and energy consumption. Polar is a leading brand in wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are commonly used optical sensors for activity tracking. It is unknown as to whether these devices provide a valid estimate of average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while walking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and Verity Sense during self-paced walking. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; 23.5 ± 6.48 years) participated …

Effects Of Various Self-Myofascial Release Devices On 60-Meter Sprint Performance, Jared Steele, Nicole D. Bolter Phd, Maria J. Veri Phd, Matt Lee Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over the past decade, self-myofascial release (SMR) has become a common tool amongst athletes as it is highly regarded in its ability to increase range of motion (ROM), athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 60-meter sprint performances with and without two technologically advanced SMR devices - the percussive massager and clamp roller. Based on the available literature, it was hypothesized that sprint time metrics and stride biomechanics would be improved after the use of either of these advanced SMR devices compared to not using an SMR device. METHODS: The study …

A Comparison Of Multiple Body Composition Measurement Methods To The Department Of Defense’S Physical Fitness And Body Fat Program Procedures, Desmond J. Millender, Holly M. Hall, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Avadney F. Gerard-Osbourne, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: The Department of Defense (DoD) developed body composition standards that require service personnel to meet sex- and branch-specific body mass index criteria. Failing to meet these criteria leads to body fat percentage (%BF) estimation via the DoD’s circumference method. Service members exceeding these standards face administrative action and a possible premature discharge, thus emphasizing the importance of accurately estimating %BF with this method.

PURPOSE: To compare the predictive accuracy of the DoD’s circumference-based equation to estimate %BF compared to hydrostatic weighting (HW); segmental and whole-body bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA), and sex-specific skinfold thickness assessments.

METHODS: Physically active …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Running, Damian Gil, Bryson Carrier, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Running is one of the most common forms of exercise in the world today. Technological advancements have contributed to the rise in the usage of wearable technology. Polar is a household name leading this amelioration of wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are two of the typical models used to measure heart rate and energy expenditure, however, the validity of these devices have yet to be investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and the Verity Sense during self-paced running. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Armband Devices While Self-Paced Biking, Wyatt B. Fullmer, Bryson Carrier, Elias Malek, Damian Gil, Kyle Cruz, Charli Aguilar, Dustin Davis, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jake Manning, Mark Debeliso, Facsm, James Navalta, Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology has become an increasingly utilized tool to track various aspects of physical activity amongst fitness enthusiasts and the general public. Polar is a common brand that is utilized, and many use the devices for a variety of modalities, like walking, running, or biking. However, the validity of Polar’s armband optical devices in estimating average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while biking is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if two devices, the Polar OH1 and Polar Verity Sense, record valid measures of average HR and EE while self-paced biking. METHODS: Twenty participants …

Validity Of The K5 Wearable Metabolic System During The Ymca Bench Press Test - A Pilot Study, Kyle Cruz, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Bryson Carrier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The accelerated advancements in exercise technology have resulted in the development of wearable metabolic units, allowing measurements to occur outside traditional laboratories. The validation of new equipment is essential in various applications. PURPOSE: The pilot study's purpose was to validate the metabolic measurements of the COSMED K5 wearable metabolic system against the criterion Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400 during a modified YMCA Bench Press Test. METHODS: Nine resistance weight-trained participants (six male, three female, age 29.3 ± 8.0 yrs, 78.1 ± 13.8 kg, 173.3 ± 11.5 cm) performed two identical tests on the same day. Because of equipment warm-up times, the …

The Effect Of Perceptually Regulated Recovery On Lift Quality Of Females During Different Resistance Training Conditions, Sarah Matthews, Andrew Wolfe, Matt Laurent, Michael Luera, Ty Hill, Aaron Rinehart, David Sneed, Tyler Frank, Heath Mcpherson, Samantha Derda

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous investigation identified the utilization of perceptually regulated recovery as a comparable, and occasionally optimal, method of regulating rest-time between bouts of exercise. Additionally, substantial variances in mean self-selected recovery time between male and female has recently been reported when completing resistance exercise intended to improve muscular strength. These finding suggested females recover quicker than males, and the current standardized intrasession rest recommendations may necessitate adjustments to account for sex specific responses. PURPOSE: The goal of the current investigate was to examine female lift quality responses to perceptually regulated intrasession recovery during various resistance training protocols. METHODS: Participants …

Difference In Standardized Repetitions Completed At 1- Repetition Maximum Load Percentages For Women, Aaron Rinehart, Andrew A. Wolfe, Matt Laurent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In resistance training, a given training load is determined by two factors, volume (number of repetitions completed) and intensity (weight lifted). The current literature clearly recognizes an inverse relationship between the weight lifted and repetitions completed. The previous studies establishing intensity-to-repetition ratios predominantly utilized male participants. Research has yet to explore and determine appropriate resistance training intensity-repetition ratios for females. PURPOSE: Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between achieved repetitions and load lifted (a percentage of 1RM) of college females. METHODS: Subjects included 11 females with six month of consistent resistance training experience. Each participant …

Effects Of Pre-Workout Caffeine Supplementation On Post-Exercise Hypotension, Emily E. Latta, Shelby L. Gibbs, Eric J. Jones, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) plays an important role in the antihypertensive health benefits of exercise. While it has been shown that resistance exercise is effective at eliciting PEH, commonly consumed sports supplements may attenuate or completely eliminate that response. Caffeine, a popular stimulant, is often consumed prior to exercise. PURPOSE: Determine the effects of pre-workout caffeine supplementation on the PEH response following resistance exercise in adults with above normal blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Participants (n = 7) were recreationally resistance trained men and women with above normal resting BP (SBP > 120 mmHg and/or DBP > 80 mmHg). Following BP screening and maximal …

Offseason Body Composition Changes Detected By Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Versus Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis In Collegiate American Football Athletes, Jake R. Boykin, Grant M. Tinsley, Christine M. Harrison, Jessica Prather, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Shay Smith, Camden Wilson, Lem Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In American football, offseason training is designed to promote increases in muscle strength and size in athletes. Tracking changes in body composition may confer key information about the effectiveness of training programs to football practitioners. PURPOSE: The present study assessed the relationship between body composition changes estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in football players during the initial period of an offseason training program. METHODS: Body composition in 29 NCAA Division III American football players (mean ± SD; age: 19.7 ± 1.5 y; height: 179.8 ± 6.6 cm; body mass [BM]: 96.1 ± …

Sex Moderates The Fitness Tests - Performance Index Relationship In Collegiate Basketball: A Case Study, Nicole Kingsley, Samuel Amsbaugh, Zacharias Papadakis, Grant Morgan, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Performance indicators are used widely in sports, including basketball. Those total performance metrics are mathematical models that are used to determine the “best” athlete per game/week/season. Players with higher metrics get recruited more and/or get offered better contracts. During offseason, strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) perform tests to determine the fitness levels of their players. Although those scores differ by sex, the fitness levels are associated with in-season sport performance and, therefore, performance indices. More insight in the fitness tests - performance index relationship in the collegiate basketball and the differential effects by sex would be valuable for all stakeholders …

Sex Differences In Absolute And Normalized Rapid Force During Maximal Handgrip Contractions, Alisa Soloveva, Garrett Augsburger, Joshua Carr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sex differences in strength are well documented. However, the influence of the strength disparity on the absolute and normalized rate of force development (RFD) is not as well described, particularly for the handgrip. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in absolute and normalized RFD between sexes during maximal handgrip contractions. METHODS: During a single visit, 32 right-hand dominant participants (n = 16 males, n = 16 females) performed maximal, unilateral isometric handgrip contractions with their dominant hands. Maximal force, the RFD from 0-50ms (RFD₅₀), 0-100ms (RFD₁₀₀), and peak RFD (RFD …

Differences In Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio Preceding Injury Occurrence In United Soccer League Players, Steve P. Fell, Brennen Hodge, Andreas Stamatis, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Professional soccer players are prone to injuries. Training loads (TL), including games, are associated with injury occurrence. Acute:Chronic workload ratio (ACWR), an index of TL, is considered an accurate injury rate metric. In respect to the relationship between injury occurrence and ACWR load obtained using global positioning systems (GPS), little evidence exists in United Soccer League (USL) teams. It is possible high ACWR during the season to lead to injuries. PURPOSE: To investigate the interaction effect of players’ injury status with ACWR of professional soccer players of a USL team. METHODS: In 2019-20, in-season data were gathered from 20 …

Handgrip Strength And Vo2max Trends In Police Cadets: A Case Study, Kendrick Morris, Filip Kukic, Nenad Koropanovski, Andreas Stamatis Dr., Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Among other components of physical fitness, performance on tactical tasks depends on cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) and muscular strength (MS). Police academies’ curriculum aim to increase cadets’ CE and MS, with males outscoring females in both tests. Curricula should assist cadets to adopt and adhere to a physically-active lifestyle while in the academy and upon graduation, for both health-related benefits and success in their tactical tasks. PURPOSE: To explore both CE-MS and sex trends between a four-year curriculum. METHODS: Retrospective data of 98 males and 79 females analyzed. Besides the senior year, cadets receive physical education classes. This serves as the …

United States Special Operations Command South Training Program’S Effectiveness: A Case Study, Gene Hansen, Steve Fell, Jarrod Lubbers, Mindy Langlois, Jacob Talcott, Andreas Stamatis, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

United States Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH) plans and coordinates Special Operations to find and fix threats and enable the Interagency, Intelligence Community, and Partner Nations to counter threats to US interests, maintain regional stability and compete in a complex environment. Physical readiness, performance optimization, and injury prevention are critical to the individual operator. SOCSOUTH has allocated significant financial resources associated with operational training and human performance programs in order to improve and maintain operators’ tactical and physical readiness. Whether these efforts are pointed to the right direction are under evaluation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 3 months’ …