Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Dimensionality Reduction: Principal Component Analysis Of Workload Of An Nba Game, Brian Audelio Serrano

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The worlds of sports science, data analytics, and sports performance are at a crossroads. Each field is accustomed to functioning in relative silos; however, this approach is quickly becoming outdated. Sporting organizations are adopting high-performance models that integrate all departments and their subsequent data pipelines. This has led to a wealth of information not available before to a team’s performance health staff in guiding optimal athletic performance. Within the sport of basketball, these silos can be split further into video coaching, basketball analytics, sports science, player development, and performance health. Specifically, basketball sports science can be categorized into internal and …

Radiographic Measurements Correlate To Isolated Posterolateral Corner (Plc) Injury In A Novel Cadaveric Model, Joseph D. Henningsen, Scott Huff, Andrew Reichard, Andrew W. Froehle, Anil Krishnamurthy

Kinesiology and Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Injury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee often requires surgical reconstruction. There remains no consensus on treatment for PLC injury, and, therefore, it is imperative to have a reproducible injury model to improve the general knowledge of PLC injuries. A novel cadaveric model of isolated PLC injury is proposed and evaluated using radiographic parameters as well as gross dissection.

Material and methods: All protocols were reviewed by the Human Investigation and Research Committee of the home institution and were approved. Translational force in a defined posterior and lateral direction was applied to cadaveric native knees to induce …

The Effectiveness Of A Religiously Framed Hpv Vaccination Message Among Christian Parents Of Unvaccinated Adolescents In The United States, Ayokunle Olagoke, Jennifer Herbert-Beirne, Brenikki Floyd, Rachel Caskey, Andrew D. Boyd, Yamilé Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: The uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has been controversial among religious parents due to beliefs that their children are expected to practice sexual purity and so do not need protection from a sex-related infection. Also, if at all they get infected in the future, God can protect them from sickness without a vaccine. Yet, most HPV vaccination messages are secular, lacking spiritual themes. This study compared the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) on HPV with our intervention message- a scripture-embedded HPV vaccination message (using a randomized controlled …

The Content Of Covid-19 Information Searches And Vaccination Intention: An Implication For Risk Communication, Ayokunle A. Olagoke, Brenikki Floyd, Comfort T. Adebayo, Ayomide Owoyemi, Ashley M. Hughes

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to examine the association between COVID-19 information search activities and vaccination intention.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were collected using online surveys. Independent variables included COVID-19 information search on the (1) science of viral effects of COVID-19 on the body, (2) origin of COVID-19, (3) symptoms and outcomes, (4) transmission and prevention, (5) future outbreak, and (6) policies/procedures to follow. The outcome variable was vaccination intention. A multivariable regression analysis was conducted.

Results:

Participants (N = 501) had a mean age of 32.44 ± 11.94 years, were 55.3% female, and 67.9% were white. Most …

Intentional Storytelling To Sustain Low-Cost/Free Breast Cancer Services: A Latina Example Of Community-Driven Advocacy, Ayokunle Olagoke, Katherine Reyes, Liliana G. San Miguel, Paola Torres, Casandra Robledo, William Kling, Maria Medina, Juanita Arroyo, Carmen Garcia, Nora Coronado, Olivia Hernandez, Araceli Lucio, Hunter T. Norris, Vida Henderson, Yamilé Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Community-based public health advocacy efforts are crucial to sustaining the low-cost/free breast cancer services that support underserved populations.

Objectives: We introduce two ways in which narrative theory may be a useful tool for developing advocacy materials and provide an example, using a community–academic partnership to promote Latina breast health in Chicago, Illinois.

Methods: Community and academic partners 1) engaged 25 Spanish-speaking Latinas in an advocacy workshop, 2) leveraged narrative theory to develop multi-media advocacy materials, and 3) disseminated materials to policymakers.

Lessons Learned: Our project highlights 1) that narrative theory may be useful to describe how Latinas engage policy-makers …

Intentional Storytelling To Sustain Low-Cost/Free Breast Cancer Services: A Latina Example Of Community-Driven Advocacy, Ayokunle Olagoke, Katherine Reyes, Liliana G. San Miguel, Paola Torres, Casandra Robledo, William Kling, Maria Medina, Juanita Arroyo, Carmen Garcia, Nora Coronado, Olivia Hernandez, Hunter T. Norris, Vida Henderson, Yamilé Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Community-based public health advocacy efforts are crucial to sustaining the low-cost/free breast cancer services that support underserved populations.

Objectives: We introduce two ways in which narrative theory may be a useful tool for developing advocacy materials and provide an example, using a community–academic partnership to promote Latina breast health in Chicago, Illinois.

Methods: Community and academic partners 1) engaged 25 Spanish-speaking Latinas in an advocacy workshop, 2) leveraged narrative theory to develop multi-media advocacy materials, and 3) disseminated materials to policymakers.

Lessons Learned: Our project highlights 1) that narrative theory may be useful to describe how Latinas engage policy-makers …

The Moderating Role Of Partners’ Education On Early Antenatal Care In Northern Ghana, Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni, James Kotuah Sakeah, Ayokunle Olagoke, Olufemi Ajumobi

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background

Early antenatal care (ANC) is essential for improving maternal and child health outcomes. The primary aims of this study were to 1) estimate the association between partners’ education attainment and early ANC, and 2) determine whether partners’ level of education modified the relationship between mothers’ education, mothers’ age, planned pregnancy, employment status and early ANC.

Methods

Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted from April to May 2021 among 519 mothers with a live birth in the past year in the Nabdam district in the Upper East Region in northern Ghana. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess …

Impaired Microcirculatory Function, Mitochondrial Respiration, And Oxygen Utilization In Skeletal Muscle Of Claudicating Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease, Song-Young Park, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Cody Anderson, Tyler N. Kambis, Paras K. Mishra, Molly Schieber, Tesean Wooden, Jonathan R. Thompson, Kyung-Soo Kim, Iraklis Pipinos

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that impairs blood flow and muscle function in the lower limbs. A skeletal muscle myopathy characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage is present in PAD; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. We investigated the impact of chronic ischemia on skeletal muscle microcirculatory function and its association with leg skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and oxygen delivery and utilization capacity in PAD. Gastrocnemius samples and arterioles were harvested from patients with PAD (n = 10) and age-matched controls (Con, n = 11). Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation was assessed in response …

Combined Effects Of Aerobic Exercise And 40-Hz Light Flicker Exposure On Early Cognitive Impairments In Alzheimer’S Disease Of 3×Tg Mice, Sang-Seo Park, Hye-Sang Park, Change-Ju Kim, Seung-Soo Baek, Song-Young Park, Cody Anderson, Myung-Ki Kim, Ik-Ryeul Park, Tae-Woon Kim

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative brain disease and the primary cause of dementia. At an early stage, AD is generally characterized by short-term memory impairment, owing to dysfunctions of the cortex and hippocampus. We previously reported that a combination of exercise and 40-Hz light flickering can protect against AD-related neuroinflammation, gamma oscillations, reduction in Aβ, and cognitive decline. Therefore, we sought to extend our previous findings to the 5-mo-old 3×Tg-AD mouse model to examine whether the same favorable effects occur in earlier stages of cognitive dysfunction. We investigated the effects of 12 wk of exercise combined with 40-Hz …

Effects Of Passive And Active Leg Movements To Interrupt Sitting In Mild Hypercapnia On Cardiovascular Function In Healthy Adults, Song-Young Park, Tesean Wooden, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Santosh K. Yadav, Dustin Slivka, Gwenael Layec

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Prolonged sitting in a mild hypercapnic environment impairs peripheral vascular function. The effects of sitting interruptions using passive or active skeletal muscle contractions are still unclear. Therefore, we sought to examine the vascular effects of brief periods (2 min every half hour) of passive and active lower limb movement to interrupt prolonged sitting with mild hypercapnia in adults. Fourteen healthy adults (24 ± 2 yr) participated in three experimental visits sitting for 2.5 h in a mild hypercapnic environment (CO2 = 1,500 ppm): control (CON, no limb movement), passive lower limb movement (PASS), and active lower limb movement (ACT) during …

Disentangling The Role Of Religiosity In Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic, Ayokunle Olagoke, Brenikki Floyd, Rachel Caskey, Jennifer Hebert-Beirne, Andrew D. Boyd, Yamilé Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Religion is a complex and sociocultural driver of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination decisions, but its exact role has been mixed/unclear. We used a cross-sectional study of 342 Christian parents to examine the associations between the three domains of religiosity (organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic) and the intention to (i) seek HPV information and (ii) receive the HPV vaccine. Organizational religiosity was the only domain that was positively associated with information-seeking intention regardless of the type of covariates included. Mixed findings in the association between religiosity and HPV vaccination decisions may depend on the religiosity domain being assessed.

The Interdependent Roles Of The Psychosocial Predictors Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Christian Parents Of Unvaccinated Adolescents, Ayokunle Olagoke, Rachel Caskey, Brenikki Floyd, Jennifer Herbert-Beirne, Andrew D. Boyd, Yamilé Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Despite the availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, uptake has been sub-optimal among certain religious groups. Psychosocial factors (threat appraisal, coping appraisal, and attitudes) have been identified as independent determinants of HPV vaccination. However, their interdependent effects have not been tested. We examined the interdependency of these psychosocial factors in predicting HPV vaccination intention among Christian parents of unvaccinated adolescents (using a theory-driven conceptual model). A cross-sectional study of 342 participants showed that perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.2, 0.11–0.29, p = <0.0001) and perceived response efficacy of HPV vaccine (β = 0.65, 0.53–0.77. p < .0001) were positively associated with vaccination intention. Our mediation analysis (using the Preachers and Hayes’ approach) shows that attitudes toward HPV vaccination mediated 59% of the relationship between perceived self-efficacy to vaccinate child and HPV …

Cigarette Smoking After Aerobic Exercise: The Unfavorable Impacts On Vascular Function, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Song-Young Park

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

It is well-accepted that vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Although vascular dysfunction is multi-faceted, exercise is a commonly recommended prophylactic strategy to preserve vascular function. We and others have shown that exercise training can elicit beneficial effects on vascular function (e.g., blood pressure and conduit artery function) in healthy and clinical populations^1-4. In fact, indices of vascular function are enhanced shortly after acute exercise^5,6, suggesting that the postexercise recovery period may be a crucial component for facilitating long-term vascular adaptations⁷. Poor habits may be …

Shared Determinants For Human Papillomavirus And Covid-19 Vaccination Intention: An Opportunity For Resource Consolidation, Ayokunle A. Olagoke, Leslie R. Carnahan, Olakanmi Olagoke, Yamile Molina

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

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Evaluation Of A School-Based Dissemination Of The Movement Guidelines For Young Children In Hong Kong: Study Protocol, Catherine M. Capio, Catalina S. M. Ng, Kevin K. H. Chung, Rachel A. Jones, Cindy H. P. Sit

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Healthy movement behaviors in early childhood are believed to track to adulthood, potentially imparting protective benefits against non-communicable diseases. Highlighting the collaborative and complementary roles of parents and educators in promoting health of young children, this study aims to enable parents and teachers to successfully promote healthy movement behaviors in young children. Guidelines for physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep of children aged 2 to 6 years will be systematically disseminated to parents and teachers of children enrolled in early childhood education centers (ECECs) in Hong Kong. An evaluation will be conducted to assess the implementation process and …

Acute High-Intensity Exercise And Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiratory Function: Role Of Metabolic Perturbation, Matthew T. Lewis, Gregory M. Blain, Corey R. Hart, Gwenael Layec, Matthew J. Rossman, Song-Young Park, Joel D. Trinity, Jayson R. Gifford, Simranjit K. Sidhu, Joshua C. Weavil, Russell S. Richardson

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Recently it was documented that fatiguing, high-intensity exercise resulted in a significant attenuation in maximal skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, potentially due to the intramuscular metabolic perturbation elicited by such intense exercise. With the utilization of intrathecal fentanyl to attenuate afferent feedback from group III/IV muscle afferents, permitting increased muscle activation and greater intramuscular metabolic disturbance, this study aimed to better elucidate the role of metabolic perturbation on mitochondrial respiratory function. Eight young, healthy males performed high-intensity cycle exercise in control (CTRL) and fentanyl-treated (FENT) conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution respirometry were used to assess metabolites and mitochondrial respiratory …

Phi-010 - Beating The Bugs: The Role Of Microbiology Tests In Antimicrobial Stewardship In Spinal Cord Injury Units, Harveen Kaur, Ayokunle Olagoke, Ashley M. Hughes

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) aim to optimize the prescription of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reduce Clostridioides difficile infections, and lower antibiotic expenditures. Although ASPs are implemented in Veterans Health Administrations (VHAs) in the US, they are not targeted at the Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) population, which, relative to other patient populations, is more vulnerable to AMR. The goals of the study were to (1) assess the effectiveness of microbiology testing as a strategy to combat AMR and (2) assess the potential for collaboration among ASP leaders and SCI prescribers for implementation of ASPs in SCI units in …

Sympathoinhibition And Vasodilation Contribute To The Acute Hypotensive Response Of The Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, Mntnbuoe-2-Pyp5+, In Hypertensive Animals, Sarah L. Schlichte, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Taylor J. Bruett, Elizabeth A. Kosmacek, Bryan T. Hackfort, Jordan M. Rasmussen, Kaushik P. Patel, Song-Young Park, Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan, Matthew C. Zimmerman

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of hypertension has been linked to excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O2•−), in multiple tissues and organ systems. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to scavenge O2•− has been shown to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive animals. We have previously shown that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin SOD mimic currently in clinical trials as a normal tissue protector for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, can scavenge O2•− and acutely decrease normotensive blood pressures. Herein, we hypothesized that BuOE decreases hypertensive blood pressures. Using angiotensin II (AngII)-hypertensive mice, we demonstrate that BuOE administered both intraperitoneally and …

Can Learning Be Enhanced With Active Seating?, Judy Beard, Kirk Mathias

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Overweightness continues to increase at an exponential rate in children. This coupled with the demand to increase academic time in elementary schools has contributed to efforts to discover solutions that meet both challenges. Potential solutions are movement curricula and active seating options. However, little has been published relative to best practices of their implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the lessons learned while utilizing pedal desks in first and second grade classrooms as stations and whole class seating. Additionally, two different types of heart rate monitors (Polar Oh1 and IHT Spirit) were employed, in an attempt …

Virtual Interviews In The Era Of Covid-19: Expectations And Perceptions Of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Candidates And Program Directors, David A. Brueggeman, Garrhett G. Via, Andrew W. Froehle, Anil Krishnamurthy

Kinesiology and Health Faculty Publications

Orthopaedic surgery residency program directors (PDs) and candidates consider interviews to be central to the application process. In-person interviews are typical, but virtual interviews present a potentially appealing alternative. Candidate and PD expectations and perceptions of virtual interviews during the 2020/2021 orthopaedic surgery application cycle were assessed.

Methods: Candidates and PDs were surveyed electronically. Questions covered pre-virtual-interview and post-virtual-interview expectations and perceptions, and past in-person experiences (PDs and reapplicants) on the relative importance of application components, ability to assess fit, interview costs, and preferred interview mode. Identical questions allowed between-group comparisons.

Results: Responses included n = 29 PDs and n …

Body Mass-Normalized Moderate Dose Of Dietary Nitrate Intake Improves Endothelial Function And Walking Capacity In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Tesean Wooden, Santosh K. Yadav, Song-Young Park

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lower extremity conduit arteries, which impairs blood flow and walking capacity. Dietary nitrate has been used to reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve walking capacity in PAD. However, a standardized dose for PAD has not been determined. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of a body mass-normalized moderate dose of nitrate (0.11 mmol nitrate/kg) as beetroot juice on serum nitrate/nitrite, vascular function, walking capacity, and tissue oxygen utilization capacity in patients with PAD. A total of 11 patients with PAD received either nitrate supplement or …

Relationships Between Sports, Physical Activity Participation, And Phys-Ed Gpa: Results And Analyses From A National Sample Of Asian American Students, Howard Z. Zeng, Raymond E. Weston, Juan Battle

Publications and Research

Relationships among sports, physical activity (PA) participation, and educational outcomes have been studied in various venues, however, used a longitudinal method with a national sample of Asian-American High-School Students (AAHSS) was barely covered. This study employed the latest National High-School Longitudinal Study data (Participants, N = 950); hierarchical regression modeling and intersectionality theory examined, analyzed, and evaluated the relationships among sports, PA participation, and the outcomes on the physical education grade point average (Phys-Ed GPA). Moreover, the demographics factors impact on the participants' Phys-Ed GPA was also analyzed and evaluated. The primary results included: 1) the female students who participate …

Developing A Practical Application Of The Isometric Squat And Surface Electromyography, David Phillips, Angelic Rose Del Vecchio, Kevin Carroll, Evan L. Matthews

Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education Scholarship and Creative Works

Electromyography (EMG) is a research tool used in gait analysis, muscle coordination evaluation, clinical evaluation and sports techniques. Electromyography can provide an insight into neural adaptations, cross education effects, bilateral contraction deficiencies, and antagonist activity in exercise-related movements. While there are clear benefits to using EMG in exercise-related professions, accessibility, cost, and difficulty interpreting the data limit its use in strength and clinical settings. We propose a practical EMG assessment using the isometric squat to identify compensatory activation patterns and report early observations. Ten healthy participants were recruited. Participants performed a 2-min isometric handgrip protocol and an isometric squat protocol. …

High Hopes: Physical Education For At-Risk Preschoolers In Northeast Colorado, Jessica Honeycutt Firme

Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

The first few years of life have the most developmental impact on a child, therefore instilling the importance of physical activity best promotes healthy lifestyle behaviors especially those that may be at-risk for delays in the future. Studies have also shown that cognitive development in regards to memory, attention and self-regulation are also improved through participating in physical activity, especially in early childhood development. Previous research supports the importance of physical activity during early childhood although the majority of early childhood education systems are far from meeting the recommended daily amounts of physical activity. Research found that children in early …

Microvascular Dysfunction In Peripheral Artery Disease: Is Heat Therapy A Viable Treatment?, Cody P. Anderson, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Song-Young Park

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the lower-body conduit arteries. PAD is commonly accompanied by microvascular disease, which may result in poor wound healing, plantar ulcer development, and subsequent limb amputation. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of plantar ulcers is a critical step in the development of adequate treatment options for patients with PAD. Skin is classified into two major components: glabrous and non-glabrous. These skin types have unique microcirculation characteristics, making it important to differentiate between the two when investigating mechanisms for plantar ulcer development in PAD. There is evidence for …

Physical Education And Anti-Blackness, Brian Culp

Faculty and Research Publications

This commentary is not intended to be an all-inclusive “catch-all” but a starting point to inspire behavior change, cultural fluency, and an “ideological repositioning” of how we think about our professional work. In defining anti-Blackness, the article provides perspectives from educational literature, research, and personal observations before providing a challenge to SHAPE America and all professionals involved in efforts related to the promotion of quality physical education.

We Have A Bone To Pick, Madalyn Foster

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

Join the adventure of life to find out if you know what contributes to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed in 5.1% of men over 65 and in 24.5% of women over 65. Osteoporosis occurs when there has been an excess amount of bone loss or when the body does not make enough bone. Due to this, the bones become brittle and break easily. Factors that increase risk of diagnosis are sex, older age, family history, and diet. Furthermore, lifestyles that can affect the probability of the disease include a sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. The most commonly affected …

Psychological Pathways Linking Public Trust During The Coronavirus Pandemic To Mental And Physical Well-Being, Ayokunle Olagoke, Olakanmi Olagoke, Ashley M. Hughes

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The well-being of the public during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is deeply rooted in institutional trust in the government’s risk communication effort. The objective of this study was to examine the psychological pathway through which public trust in the government is associated with mental and physical well-being. We collected cross-sectional data from 501 participants aged ≥18 years using an online panel. Public trust in the government was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for psychological distress by combining the Patient Health Questionnaire and the General Anxiety Disorder scale. Physical well-being was examined using self-rated health. We further assessed …

Intention To Vaccinate Against The Novel 2019 Coronavirus Disease: The Role Of Health Locus Of Control And Religiosity, Ayokunle Olagoke, Olakanmi Olagoke, Ashley M. Hughes

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The urgency to develop a vaccine against the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has waxed stronger in speed, scale, and scope. However, wisdom dictates that we take a vantage position and start to examine the demographic predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The objective of this study was to examine the role of health locus of control (HLOC) in the relationship between religiosity and COVID-19 vaccination intention. In a cross-sectional survey (N = 501), we found a significantly negative association between religiosity and COVID-19 vaccination intention. This relationship was partially mediated by external HLOC. Collaborative efforts with religious institutions may influence COVID-19 vaccine …

Correlation Of Pre-Hypertension With Carotid Artery Damage In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Jinkee Park, Yongseong Na, Yunjung Jang, Song-Young Park, Hyuntae Park

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The intima–media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In …