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2023

Burnout

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Full-Text Articles in Education

Recognizing Teacher Burnout: Utilizing Teacher Retention Strategies To Help Work Life Balance Of Educators, Meghann Downer Dec 2023

Recognizing Teacher Burnout: Utilizing Teacher Retention Strategies To Help Work Life Balance Of Educators, Meghann Downer

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

The ongoing shortage of special education teachers coupled with an increasing attrition rate has prompted many researchers to investigate why teachers are choosing to leave the field. Multiple studies (Lehmann 2008, et al Cheng 2022, et al Bryant 2023) have been conducted to determine the rates of attrition at multiple levels in education. Results of studies (Hughes 2012, et al Robinson 2019, et al Ogakwu 2022) indicate that there has been a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and burnout among special education teachers. This project provides a literature review focused on special education teacher burnout and attrition along with …


The Relationship Between Principal Burnout, Gender, School Size, School Level, And Hope: A Multiple Regression Analysis, Christine Cummings Anderson Dec 2023

The Relationship Between Principal Burnout, Gender, School Size, School Level, And Hope: A Multiple Regression Analysis, Christine Cummings Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This predictive, correlational, quantitative research study investigated gender, school size, school level, and hope as continuous predictor variables affecting principal burnout in Georgia. Burnout is a severe problem that has consequences beyond the primary person experiencing the phenomenon. Although considerable research has studied burnout in teachers and healthcare workers, less attention has been paid to burnout specific to school principals. There remain unanswered questions about predictor variables and how these variables can be used to design effective burnout prevention methods. This study used a stratified random sample of 1,399 principals with publicly accessible email contact information in Georgia. Principals in …


A Qualitative Study Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions Concerning Involvement In Professional Organizations And The Decision To Remain In The Profession, Cynthia D. Villalovos Nov 2023

A Qualitative Study Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions Concerning Involvement In Professional Organizations And The Decision To Remain In The Profession, Cynthia D. Villalovos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Abstract Teacher retention was a grave situation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that has since become a global epidemic. Losing early career educators has had a cost that hinders the U.S. public school system. There have been previous studies detailing the plight of teacher retention throughout the years indicating the causes of teacher attrition. Each study gave examples of the detrimental costs of teacher retention from the perspective of the school district. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis study was to explore the perceptive phenomenon of teachers’ involvement activities in professional organizations and the decision to remain in the …


Keeping The Light On: Academic Librarians & Burnout (Conference Presentation), Jason D. Phillips, Laura Pitts, Jessica Riedmueller, Joanna Warren Oct 2023

Keeping The Light On: Academic Librarians & Burnout (Conference Presentation), Jason D. Phillips, Laura Pitts, Jessica Riedmueller, Joanna Warren

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

There is substantial research about sources of burnout among academic librarians; however, very little addresses the impact of the local environment. Responding to regional and institutional shifts while still trying to uphold the values of librarianship such as providing confidential and free access to information can quickly lead to mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion, classic symptoms of burnout. A panel discussion was hosted at the Arkansas Library Association (ArLA) / Southeast Library Association (SELA) Joint Conference, on Saturday, October 14, 2023. Academic librarians from different Southern states discussed their local environments, their libraries’ responses to recent events, and their strategies …


A Case Study Of Shifting To A Four-Day Student School Week As A Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic And Its Impact On Teacher Job Satisfaction And Retention, Melanie Hyde Oct 2023

A Case Study Of Shifting To A Four-Day Student School Week As A Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic And Its Impact On Teacher Job Satisfaction And Retention, Melanie Hyde

Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership Dissertations

This study examines the lived experiences of elementary teachers in a rural school district in Northwest Georgia that shifted to a four-day student week, Tuesday-Friday, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. When schools shut down due to COVID-19 in March 2020, it launched a new wave of educators walking out the door nationwide, further impacting an already existing problem of teacher shortages. Situated literature has traditionally pointed to a four-day student schedule due to budget cuts and financial gain. This study provides insight from teacher and school leader perceptions through interviews on how shifting to a modified calendar impacted …


A Predictive Study Of Burnout And The Areas Of Worklife In Secondary Classical Christian School Teachers, Danielle R. Dillenschneider Oct 2023

A Predictive Study Of Burnout And The Areas Of Worklife In Secondary Classical Christian School Teachers, Danielle R. Dillenschneider

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

This study evaluated the relationship between burnout and the six areas of worklife in secondary-level classical Christian school teachers at ACCS-accredited classical Christian schools. Moreover, the focus of the study was to determine the degree to which the six areas of worklife predicted burnout. Burnout was defined as a condition when employees consistently experience emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and inefficacy in relation to their work (Maslach et al., 2001). The six areas of worklife are workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values (Maslach et al., 2001). The areas of worklife significantly predicted a low level of burnout (p = .002), and …


Introversion Versus Extroversion In Dpt Students’ Burnout Prevalence, Shana L. Carter Oct 2023

Introversion Versus Extroversion In Dpt Students’ Burnout Prevalence, Shana L. Carter

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

The purpose of this non-experimental study was to determine if Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) student personality type, introverts versus extroverts, and student selfreported burnout levels were different and whether DPT students reported burnout during program completion. The participant sample consisted of 54 DPT students enrolled in a flex program at one private DPT program in Northern Florida were surveyed using the MBTI and MBI-SS (G) to determine personality type and whether students felt burnout while completing the program. The results of the study revealed non-statistically significant findings for the levels of burnout reported for both students identified as introvert …


Adverse Childhood Experiences And Resilience In Medical School Students: A Scope Of Medical Literature, Andrea Soto Abarca, Yvette Cortino, Juan Carlos Lopez Alvarenga, Maya Guevara Sep 2023

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Resilience In Medical School Students: A Scope Of Medical Literature, Andrea Soto Abarca, Yvette Cortino, Juan Carlos Lopez Alvarenga, Maya Guevara

Research Symposium

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent types of childhood trauma that are associated with long-term negative effects on health and wellbeing. An elevated number of ACEs can lead to depression, suicidality, alcoholism, and substance use. Factors that can protect a person from increased health risks include resilience, which is broadly defined as the ability to bounce back from adversity. Few studies have analyzed the exposure of ACEs in medical students, however, there is extensive literature on how low levels of resilience are linked to higher rates of depression, fatigue, and burnout among medical students. Little is known about the …


Burnout And Depression In Teachers And Members Of Other Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses On Potentially Overlapping Conditions, Gail Swingler Sep 2023

Burnout And Depression In Teachers And Members Of Other Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses On Potentially Overlapping Conditions, Gail Swingler

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Burnout has long been recognized as a workplace issue among teachers, and other occupational groups. Burnout has potentially been increasing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Researchers tend to regard burnout as a distinct syndrome comprising emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (rPA). Recent evidence suggests that burnout (as a tripartite syndrome) lacks discriminant validity vis-à-vis depression. The overlap between burnout and depression was examined through two meta-analytic studies.

The first study (K = 13) examined the relationship between burnout and depression in teachers with burnout assessed using the MBI. The findings indicated that exhaustion (EE), and depression …


Identity And Coping: Deaf Sign Language Interpreters And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Debra L. Russell, Cathy J. Chovaz, Wayne Nicholson, Margie English, Victoria Paquette Aug 2023

Identity And Coping: Deaf Sign Language Interpreters And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Debra L. Russell, Cathy J. Chovaz, Wayne Nicholson, Margie English, Victoria Paquette

Journal of Interpretation

This article describes the results of a mixed methods study with 47 Deaf sign language interpreters (D-SLIs) and their experiences with secondary traumatic stress (STS). By replicating Daly and Chovaz (2020) research, this study contributes data based on the unique experiences of Canadian and American Deaf interpreters and allows us to contrast the findings to the original study with non-Deaf interpreters (ND-SLIs). The findings reveal that the majority of D-SLIs did not experience clinical levels of STS, compassion satisfaction, anxiety, or burnout. In looking at the results, one-third of the D-SLIs showed comparable levels of STS and compassion satisfaction but …


Improving Clinician Wellbeing In Mental Health Care, Michael T. Keough Aug 2023

Improving Clinician Wellbeing In Mental Health Care, Michael T. Keough

The Dissertation in Practice at Western University

Mental health issues among children and youth have steadily been on the rise in Canada. One of the ways that the Provincial Government of British Columbia addresses this issue is by employing mental health clinicians (MHCs) on various community mental health teams across the province. It is well established in the literature that community MHCs experience considerably high levels of occupational stress (OS) in their therapeutic roles (O’Connor et al., 2018). Chronic exposure to OS makes MHCs vulnerable to the compassion fatigue and burnout, which are considered occupational hazards (OHs) of mental health care (Bride et al., 2007; O’Connor et …


Burnout And Job Satisfaction Of Behavior Technicians Working In Public Schools: A Quantitative Correlational Study, Sara B. Dougherty Aug 2023

Burnout And Job Satisfaction Of Behavior Technicians Working In Public Schools: A Quantitative Correlational Study, Sara B. Dougherty

Doctor of Education Program Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if the characteristics of burnout predict job satisfaction of behavior technicians in public schools. There was a need to examine if the high levels of burnout and low job satisfaction experienced by teachers and paraprofessionals that have resulted in high rates of attrition also impact behavior technicians in public school settings (Madigan & Kim, 2021; NCES, 2022; Sims, 2020; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2020). An online survey was created using REDCap consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (Maslach et al., 1996), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire short form (Weiss et al., …


Mindfulness As A Means Of Reducing Teacher Burnout, Chantelle O'Dell Aug 2023

Mindfulness As A Means Of Reducing Teacher Burnout, Chantelle O'Dell

Graduate Teacher Education

Educators are asked to do more tasks every school year. It can be difficult to maintain boundaries and continue feeling like an effective educator, with the demands of everyday teaching. This paper examined how the use of mindfulness, as an individual, assists educators in avoiding burnout. The resources used were a mix of qualitative, quantitative, quasi-experimental, meta-analyses, and mixed methods focusing on strategies and reasons educators should use stress-reducing techniques in their personal lives to help with occupational stress. The conclusion of the research gathered showed the use of mindfulness benefited educators and school systems by reducing absenteeism, reducing healthcare …


An Investigation Into How The Intense Nature Of Youth Sport Participation Influences Women’S Collegiate Basketball Player’S Experiences Of Burnout, Hana M. Adent Aug 2023

An Investigation Into How The Intense Nature Of Youth Sport Participation Influences Women’S Collegiate Basketball Player’S Experiences Of Burnout, Hana M. Adent

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

One area of athlete well-being garnering increasing attention is athletes’ experience of burnout (Gould & Whitley, 2009). According to Coakley (1992), burnout is a social phenomenon grounded in a set of social relations through which young athletes become disempowered in their sport participation that can lead to fatigue and dropout. Therefore, efforts to reduce athletes’ likelihood of experiencing burnout are important. Often overlooked in the college athlete literature are the experiences of college athletes in youth sport. Yet almost all college athletes participate in competitive youth sport. Therefore, in seeking to further our understanding of college athletes’ burnout experience, it …


A Phenomenological Study Of Church Leader's Experiences With Vicarious Trauma In Oviedo, Florida, Judy Rivera-Melendez Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Study Of Church Leader's Experiences With Vicarious Trauma In Oviedo, Florida, Judy Rivera-Melendez

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand and explore the need to help church leaders who are experiencing stress. Christian clergies are classified as priests, pastors, ministers, chaplains, and deacons who interact with the congregation by identifying the Bible Scriptures. Church leaders follow the teachings of the divine and are pulled from many angles. It is up to the congregation to help themselves and church leaders to relieve this stress to avoid vicarious trauma. This study digs deep to decipher if church leaders in Catholicism and Baptist teaching are aware of the stress they acquire from their …


Discouragement And Supportive Relationships In Latin Pastors Planting Churches In Virginia, North Carolina, And Tennessee, Jeannette Arroyo Jul 2023

Discouragement And Supportive Relationships In Latin Pastors Planting Churches In Virginia, North Carolina, And Tennessee, Jeannette Arroyo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The present study investigated the impact of discouragement on Latin pastors planting churches in the missionary field and provided a psychological resource for pastors coping with the challenge. Due to their unique characteristics, supportive relationships were investigated regarding how it impacts the variable of discouragement due to emotional exhaustion and the absence of self-care (Williams, 2019). Since pastors and ministers face this challenge regularly (Stott, 2014), exploring networks for support and help in distress is essential. Social constructivists see motivation as a social phenomenon crucial for individuals, and the Adlerian Theory (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2017) calls attention to relationships and …


Improving Trauma-Informed Practices In A School System, Maria Sloniker Jul 2023

Improving Trauma-Informed Practices In A School System, Maria Sloniker

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

According to research, trauma informed practices have faced disconnect when educating stakeholders who work directly with individuals who have faced a variety of traumatic events. With such disconnect, staff in the school systems have been unable to stay educated on the different resources available and training on best practices used. Administrators being present and working together to provide more effective professional development to help both students and staff who are directly impacted by trauma and trauma informed practices. Current research has supported the lack of knowledge and increase of teacher burnout when working with individuals who have faced adversity. A …


Evaluating The Impact Of Brief Electronic Professional Development On Emotional Intelligence And Burnout Among In-Service Educators, Michelle Fast, Steve Mccallum, Gini Mcclurg, Jiaju Wu Jun 2023

Evaluating The Impact Of Brief Electronic Professional Development On Emotional Intelligence And Burnout Among In-Service Educators, Michelle Fast, Steve Mccallum, Gini Mcclurg, Jiaju Wu

Kentucky Teacher Education Journal: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Kentucky Council for Exceptional Children

To evaluate the impact of an intervention to improve emotional intelligence (EI) and reduce burnout in educators, 48 in-service educators were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group and administered the Scales of Emotional Functioning: Educators (SEF:ED; McCallum et al., 2019) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey (Maslach et al., 2016) before and after intervention. The control group served as a waiting control and completed these instruments again after receiving the intervention. No statistically significant interaction effects from pre to post-test occurred for the SEF: ED Total EI score. A significant main effect did occur between the …


Feeling The Burn: A Phenomenological Study On Burnout Among Adjunct Professors At Higher Education Institutions, Janette B. Whitmore Jun 2023

Feeling The Burn: A Phenomenological Study On Burnout Among Adjunct Professors At Higher Education Institutions, Janette B. Whitmore

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of burnout among adjunct professors at higher education institutions. The central research question guiding this study was what are the lived experiences of burnout among adjunct professors at higher education institutions? This study found that adjunct professors burned-out due to their higher education institutions’ unreasonable work expectations, tight deadlines, and lack of resources. Using the guiding theory of job demands and resources (JD-R) developed by Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, and Schaufeli, the phenomenon’s essence was discovered as it highlighted how excessive work demands and a lack of resources …


The Relationship Between Negative School Climate And Burnout Within Computer Science Teachers In Al-Karak Governorate, Rabea Ghaleb Ahmad Albayaydah Jun 2023

The Relationship Between Negative School Climate And Burnout Within Computer Science Teachers In Al-Karak Governorate, Rabea Ghaleb Ahmad Albayaydah

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education (مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية (للبحوث في التعليم العالي

The article aimed to identify the relationship between negative school climate and burnout within computer teachers in Al-karak governorate. The study sample consisted of (83) male and female teachers working in public schools during the second semester of the academic year (2021/2022). To achieve the objectives of the study two measures were used: a Maslach Burnout Scale and Negative School Climate Scale were used to collect the needed data. The reliability and validity for these scales has been verified. The study ended with some results. First: the level of negative School Climate came medium. Second: the level of burnout among …


Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout, Resilience And Turnover In The Child Welfare Workforce: Results From A 6-Month, Cluster-Randomized Control Trial Of Resilience Alliance, Rebecca Orsi-Hunt, Courtney L. Harrison, Kayla E. Rockwell, Anita P. Barbee Jun 2023

Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout, Resilience And Turnover In The Child Welfare Workforce: Results From A 6-Month, Cluster-Randomized Control Trial Of Resilience Alliance, Rebecca Orsi-Hunt, Courtney L. Harrison, Kayla E. Rockwell, Anita P. Barbee

QIC-WD Journal Articles

Introduction: US child welfare agencies have historically struggled with workforce retention and turnover. As part of the Quality Improvement Center for Workforce Development in Child Welfare, we tested an adaptation of the Resilience Alliance (RA) model in a large, Midwestern state to address workplace stress, burnout and actual workforce turnover. RA is a 24-week, facilitated program designed to mitigate the impact of secondary traumatic stress among child welfare professionals, and to therefore increase job satisfaction, resilience and optimism and to decrease turnover, stress reactivity and burnout.

Methods: Supervisory units of caseworkers and supervisors were randomized to the RA treatment …


Burnout Among Rural Public-School Counselors, Jerry Dooley Jun 2023

Burnout Among Rural Public-School Counselors, Jerry Dooley

Counseling Faculty Research

This study analyzed the risk of burnout for school counselors in rural Appalachia by surveying school counselors in West Virginia. The specific research questions delved into the areas that may predict a higher risk of burnout. These areas were clinical supervision, self-care engagement, levels of education, experience, caseloads, intensity of cases, and peer relationships. Utilizing a quantitative, predictive research design, the researcher asked participants in West Virginia to complete the Professional Quality of Life, version 5 and the Self-Care Assessment for Psychologists instruments as well as a demographic questionnaire to see if those areas could impact the potential risk of …


High School Teachers' Experiences Of Work-Related Stress And Resilience: A Phenomenological Study, Deana A. Diluggo May 2023

High School Teachers' Experiences Of Work-Related Stress And Resilience: A Phenomenological Study, Deana A. Diluggo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe public high school teachers’ experiences of work-related stress and resilience in the state of Connecticut. The theory guiding this study is Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory (SDT), as it looks at the impact of motivation on human behavior and the fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness, and autonomy. This study was designed to answer the central research question, uncovering public high school teachers’ experiences with work-related stress and resilience. The researcher obtained informed consent from 12 participants who participated in semi-structured interviews. Eleven of the interviewed participants …


Using Drama Therapy To Foster Peer Support Among Nurse Leaders, Chyela Rowe May 2023

Using Drama Therapy To Foster Peer Support Among Nurse Leaders, Chyela Rowe

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

This study explored the use of drama therapy to support the social-emotional experiences of nurse leaders at a mid-sized regional hospital system in the Southeastern United States. Nurse leaders have experienced profound changes to their work environments in recent years and burnout has been at an all-time high among healthcare workers globally. Organizational supports for nurses and nurse leaders are both inadequate to meet the needs and under-resourced. The research questions explored 1) whether the drama therapy peer support initiative improved outcomes and 2) whether there was a significant relationship between measures, and 3) what nurse leaders described as facilitators …


The Relationship Between Teacher Burnout And Physical Activity Among High School Teachers, Jonathan Davis May 2023

The Relationship Between Teacher Burnout And Physical Activity Among High School Teachers, Jonathan Davis

Doctor of Education in Teacher Leadership Dissertations

Teaching at any level is a high-stress profession, and high levels of stress may result in increased rates of teacher burnout. The implications of teacher burnout are related to physical and emotional health problems for teachers, reduced student academic performance, and increased rates of teacher migration and attrition. One strategy for mitigating teacher burnout is to increase levels of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between level of physical activity and teacher burnout among high school teachers. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) were used to determine levels …


Factors Of Special Education Teacher Attrition Rates, Christopher Berry May 2023

Factors Of Special Education Teacher Attrition Rates, Christopher Berry

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Special education teacher attrition rates negatively impact school districts, special education students, and parents. Replacing teachers is costly, inefficient, and leads to a constant turnover cycle that impacts student success. A quantitative research method was used to survey special education teachers in a large school district in southern California. Results indicated that administrative support was the most important factor teachers at both elementary and secondary settings reported,. Additionally, a comparison between novice and veteran teachers resulted in administrative support being the most important factor across all four categories. Future research should investigate using a mixed methodological design to gain a …


Wellness Review 2022, Part 2, Martin Huecker, Brian A. Ferguson, Jacob Shreffler Apr 2023

Wellness Review 2022, Part 2, Martin Huecker, Brian A. Ferguson, Jacob Shreffler

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Similar to prior reviews, the Journal of Wellness editors searched the literature from the second half of 2022 for an interesting and impactful selection of publications on wellness in healthcare professionals.

Methods: Editors conducted a standard keyword search in Pubmed, focusing chiefly on large journals, interventional trials, and other prospective research. We included papers published between July 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022.

Literature in Review: Finding several hundred publications, we excluded editorials, reviews, and some smaller, less generalizable papers. A final 25 significant studies focusing on wellness in medical professionals were sorted into the following categories: logistics, creativity …


Mentoring To Minimize Burnout In Early Elementary Teachers, Bethany L. Kohn-Mcfadden Apr 2023

Mentoring To Minimize Burnout In Early Elementary Teachers, Bethany L. Kohn-Mcfadden

Culminating Experience Projects

Research shows that teacher burnout is impacting the educational field in adverse ways, with both teachers and students feeling the negative effects. Teachers are leaving or considering leaving the teaching field at alarming rates, with very few teachers to replace them. With a dwindling teacher population, the need to minimize the symptoms and effects of teacher burnout is imperative. This project combines the positive and researched based practice of new teacher mentoring with knowledge regarding burnout and personal intervention strategies that can help limit the effects of burnout. The mentoring program is designed to be implemented into current and relevant …


A Predictive And Causal-Comparative Study Examining Emotional Exhaustion, Workload, Surface Acting, And Inclusion On Managers, Dana M. Morris Apr 2023

A Predictive And Causal-Comparative Study Examining Emotional Exhaustion, Workload, Surface Acting, And Inclusion On Managers, Dana M. Morris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative and predictive correlational design study is to examine how workload, surface acting, work group inclusion, and emotional exhaustion impact African-American and Caucasian American managers in domestic, white-collar roles. A critical variable is emotional exhaustion which has been identified as a key characteristic and predictor of burnout in the workplace. While many current burnout studies have excluded underrepresented minorities and focused on job performance and job demands in human service industries, this study addresses relevant psychological workplace factors that have been associated with detrimental mental and physical conditions of underrepresented minorities - emotional dissonance and …


Special Education Teacher Burnout: A Phenomenological Study Of The Challenges That Influence Motivation, Sarah Margaret Vaughan Apr 2023

Special Education Teacher Burnout: A Phenomenological Study Of The Challenges That Influence Motivation, Sarah Margaret Vaughan

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the challenges that lead to special education teacher burnout and how these challenges influence the motivation of special education teachers in North Georgia. In this study, factors that lead to special education burnout were generally defined as potential challenges, such as quality teacher preparation, inadequate professional development, and lack of administrative support, and how these challenges impact motivation and extrinsic influences of special education teachers. The theory that guided this study was Deci and Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory, which allowed for a deeper understanding of motivation and how intrinsic and extrinsic …