Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 91
Full-Text Articles in Education
Children At-Risk: What Can Be Done To Help Them, Edwin Lisle Anderson
Children At-Risk: What Can Be Done To Help Them, Edwin Lisle Anderson
Graduate Research Papers
Students in society today not only have their own personal or academic barriers to overcome, but also have those placed upon them by many outside sources. Determining those sources, how to deal with them and putting programs into action, are the first steps to helping the rising numbers of at-risk youth (Ames, Gillespie, & Streff, 1972). As educators continue to refine the curricula, management structure and teaching methods, consideration must be given to the changes occurring in the family structure so that the child, does not suffer (Lepley, 1989). Dramatic changes have taken place in the so called •traditional family,• …
Suicide In The Traditional College Student Population: Pertinent Findings For The College Student Personnel Professional, Loren Monroe Wakefield
Suicide In The Traditional College Student Population: Pertinent Findings For The College Student Personnel Professional, Loren Monroe Wakefield
Graduate Research Papers
Many writers agree that the rate of suicide among college students is higher than that of non-students of similar age and of the general population (Bernard and Bernard, 1982). Bonner and Rich (1987) stated that the suicide rate is about 50% higher for college students than for the general population. They also found that the suicide rate among students is higher than among non-students of the same age.
Computer-Assisted Career Exploration: The Maturing Of A Technological Infant, Robert L. Wharram
Computer-Assisted Career Exploration: The Maturing Of A Technological Infant, Robert L. Wharram
Graduate Research Papers
This review of the literature presents information about the history and the current use of computers in career and vocational counseling in high schools. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of computer utilization in the secondary school counseling process are discussed.
Eating Disorders: A Growing Problem In American Society, Barry A. Thompson
Eating Disorders: A Growing Problem In American Society, Barry A. Thompson
Graduate Research Papers
One of the newest and most difficult medical problems facing American society today is that of eating disorders. This paper will focus on two of the most common types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Physical, psychological, and behavioral changes which occur in individuals afflicted with either of these disorders will be developed, as well as the diagnostic characteristics of each disorder.
Developing A Leadership Style Using The Situational Leadership Model, Jon Nordaas
Developing A Leadership Style Using The Situational Leadership Model, Jon Nordaas
Graduate Research Papers
Leadership is a key component in organizations. Successful organizations have one major attribute that sets them apart from unsuccessful organizations: dynamic and effective leadership (Hambleton & Gumpert, 1982). This paper will explore situational leadership as a way for principals to manage their personnel in an effective and successful manner.
What Principals Can Do To Lessen The Effects Of Stress On Teachers, Randall Gene Otto
What Principals Can Do To Lessen The Effects Of Stress On Teachers, Randall Gene Otto
Graduate Research Papers
Stress can affect anyone in any occupation. In this paper, discussion on the effects of stress will be narrowed to only one profession, teaching. The researcher will report the literature as to the definition of what stress is, its symptoms, discuss ways to measure Its frequency, look at the causes of stress within the teaching profession, and finally present ways that principals and other administrators can lessen the effects of stress. A generic definition of stress was offered by Bertlnusen (cited in Parson, 1987) when he stated that stress was a non-specific response of the body to any demand placed …
Aids And Dementia, Mari Lagerstrom
Aids And Dementia, Mari Lagerstrom
Graduate Research Papers
The origin of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is unknown. AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981. Since 1981, AIDS has spread rapidly throughout the country. Initially, cases of AIDS were confined to New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles (Harris County Medical Society, 1987). AIDS is a disease caused by a virus that destroys an individual's defenses against infections (United States Department of Education, 1987). It is essentially a disease of the immune system (Check, 1988). The AIDS virus, known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV can so weaken an individual's immune system that he or …
Programming To Meet The Needs Of Commuter Students, Joanne Kay Loonan
Programming To Meet The Needs Of Commuter Students, Joanne Kay Loonan
Graduate Research Papers
Commuter students are defined as those who live with their parents, spouse, family, or by themselves (Flanagan, 1976) in housing not provided by the institution. They comprise eighty percent of the undergraduate population in American colleges (Stewart and Rue, 1983). Commuters have been dubbed "the neglected majority" (Slade and Jarmul, 1975), because academic and personal counseling, campus activities, and special services have not been provided for these students on a consistent basis.
Family Therapy And The Treatment Of Alcoholism, Stephanie L. Lieder
Family Therapy And The Treatment Of Alcoholism, Stephanie L. Lieder
Graduate Research Papers
The statistics relating to alcoholism indicate the seriousness of this problem within the United States. According to Kinney and Leaton (1983), an estimated 3.3 million adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17 years have serious drinking problems. Steinglass (1981) stated that nine million adults in our society either abused or were addicted to alcohol. The pervasiveness of this problem is demonstrated by Kinney and Leaton (1983) who estimated that "for every person with an alcohol problem, four family members are directly affected" (p. 25). These statistics have important ramifications for family therapy. Since family therapists generally work with two …
Patterned And Predictable Materials In A Beginning Reading Program, Phyllis Boeding
Patterned And Predictable Materials In A Beginning Reading Program, Phyllis Boeding
Graduate Research Papers
Language is the means by which children come to understand the sense that others have made of the world as they seek to make sense of it themselves. Children need to interact with others through language in order to survive and to be fully functional in society. This involvement in the functions of language accounts for the natural acquisition of oral language. Young children are not sent to language school to be taught the rules of oral language, but rather, they interact freely with parents, siblings, and others. Through this interaction, young children begin to learn to use language for …
Adolescent Suicide: The Secondary School's Response, Stephen K. Bomgaars
Adolescent Suicide: The Secondary School's Response, Stephen K. Bomgaars
Graduate Research Papers
The number of adolescent suicides has risen steadily over the past thirty years. The United States Department of Health and Human Services reported that from 1950-1982, the suicide rate for adolescents increased by 300% (McGinnis, 1987). About 6,000 young people murder themselves each year (Keasey & Keasey, 1988). According to Johnson and Maile (1987) the problem of adolescent suicide is not confined to the United States as both Canada and Western European countries have experienced an increase in suicide rates in the past ten years. Neither is the problem confined to a particular area of the United States. The overall …
Essential Ingredients Of Effective Student At-Risk Programs, Terry Lee Christiansen
Essential Ingredients Of Effective Student At-Risk Programs, Terry Lee Christiansen
Graduate Research Papers
At-risk students might be an undefinable group. There is; however, a greater consensus of the characteristics and significance this group plays toward our society as stated by Research for Better Schools (1989). McCann and Austin (1988) maintain that you must differentiate among three sets of definitions. The primary problem is in reference to students "at risk" of not achieving the goal of education which is graduation. These students are perceived as not being able to acquire knowledge or skills that would allow them to become productive members of American society.
Evaluating School Programs For The Talented And Gifted, Kathleen Jo Croell
Evaluating School Programs For The Talented And Gifted, Kathleen Jo Croell
Graduate Research Papers
Evaluating educational programs is always a challenge and when it is a nonstandarized program such as talented and gifted programs the challenge is intensified. These programs do not usually follow a typical classroom structure therefore requiring a customized evaluation. 1 Traditionally an evaluator would study the programs' goals and objectives to see if these have been attained. As Morris and Taylor Fitz-Gibbon (1978) point out a program should start with a list of goals that explains without ambiguity what the planners of the program agree it should accomplish. Tuckman (1979) encourages the evaluator to have the checklist stated in behavioral …
Teacher Isolation, Kevin Wayne Fiene
Teacher Isolation, Kevin Wayne Fiene
Graduate Research Papers
In modern educational Jargon, the discussion topic which occurred ls known as teacher isolation. Teacher isolation in Its simplest form ls not having the time or opportunity to 1 interact with colleagues in order to discuss techniques, problems, solutions. The purpose of this paper ls to explore the existence of teacher Isolation. Although few studies have centered directly on teacher isolation, many reports and studies are linking teacher isolation with problems in education. (Brodinsky, 1984; Driscoll & Shirey, 1985; Gold, 1984; Fimian, 1982; Seidman & Zager, 1986-87). This paper will be concerned with a number of topics related-to teacher isolation. …
The Right To Be Childfree, Mary Fraune-Winter
The Right To Be Childfree, Mary Fraune-Winter
Graduate Research Papers
The number of couples who have voluntarily chosen not to have children has doubled in the last few decades, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, Census Bureau, (Kantrowitz, 1985). In 1960 the number of married women between the ages of twenty-five and twenty-nine who were childless totalled [sic] thirteen percent, which averaged one out of ten women (Kantrowitz, 1985). In 1985 the number of married women in the same age group who chose not to have children was twenty-nine percent, which averaged one out of every four women (Kantrowitz, 1985). The only option for married women, in the …
Cross-Cultural Literacy: An American Imperative, Margaret Baird Davis
Cross-Cultural Literacy: An American Imperative, Margaret Baird Davis
Graduate Research Papers
The world is becoming a global village, say the experts. Just as individuals are dependent upon and, in turn, are depended on by their family, friends, and immediate communities, so are the nations of the world becoming highly interdependent (Brademas, 1987; Horne & Masson, 1988). The more this situation comes to pass, the more important does it become that we all make ourselves cross-culturally literate--that we become knowledgeable, that is, of the political and economic systems that exist around the world and of the many different ways people have of thinking, feeling, acting, and viewing things.
Supervision Of The Marginal Teacher, Michael D. Haluska
Supervision Of The Marginal Teacher, Michael D. Haluska
Graduate Research Papers
Much of today's rhetoric for stemming the "rising tide of mediocrity" in American education has focused on the unsatisfactory performance of America's teachers (Sweeney and Manatt, 1984). Yet, too often the efforts of the nation's very able teachers are overshadowed by the poor performances of a relatively small number of incompetent classroom teachers. The accomplishments of the competent majority will continue to be overlooked and unappreciated unless principals deal directly with unsatisfactory teachers (Bridges, 1985). What we need is a reliable and accurate method for identifying teachers who are not performing up to standard and a systematic process for helping …
Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Nancy Swords Hendrickson
Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Nancy Swords Hendrickson
Graduate Research Papers
An estimated 25 to 28 million children and adults in the United States grew up, or are presently living in alcoholic homes (Ackerman, 1983). Children from alcoholic homes frequently develop defenses similar to those found in children who have been raised in homes with a high degree of chronic stress. Fear of abandonment or loss also causes these children to exert unrealistic control over the uncertainties of life, and they tend to have an omnipotent belief in the ability to control events which are beyond their control. Also there are predictable grief reactions which have been observed in therapy as …
Reassessing Higher Education's Commitment To Access, Lennette S. Hennessy
Reassessing Higher Education's Commitment To Access, Lennette S. Hennessy
Graduate Research Papers
It may be said that one of the greatest ideas Americans ever gave the world was education for all (Brubacher, 1982). But if students are admitted in the name of access--simply because they have a right to be there--then "we have made a mockery of the concept of access, because we are setting the student up for failure" (Smith, 1987, p.24).
The Role Of The Principal In Educational Leadership And Change, Nicholas B. Hobbs
The Role Of The Principal In Educational Leadership And Change, Nicholas B. Hobbs
Graduate Research Papers
Walker and Vogt (1987) state that today's school systems cannot afford to be static institutions because the environment in which they exist demands change at a rapidly increasing rate. Past research indicates that principals spent a large amount of time on housekeeping chores and in meetings with other administrative personnel (Sarason, 1982). Sarason further adds that the smooth operation of the system often becomes an end in itself and that anything or anyone interfering with this smoothness will be closely scrutinized. Goodlad (1969) indicates that administrators favor teachers who maintain orderly classrooms, keep accurate records and maintain stable relations with …
Foreign Student Enrollment In U.S. Postsecondary Institutions: Issues And Implications For Student Affairs, Cherie R. Kingkade
Foreign Student Enrollment In U.S. Postsecondary Institutions: Issues And Implications For Student Affairs, Cherie R. Kingkade
Graduate Research Papers
A foreign student is defined as "a citizen of another country pursuing education in a U.S. school requiring a high-school diploma or its equivalent" (Agarwal & Winkler, 1985, p.510). The leading nation for enrollment of foreign students is the United States, with more than 325,000 enrolled in 1986 (Altbach, 1986). Foreign graduate students comprised approximately 41% of the full-time graduate student enrollment in American higher education in 1987 (Friedman, 1987). These facts highlight the impact of foreign students on postsecondary institutions in the United States and the subsequent implications for foreign student affairs staff.
The Need For Multicultural Training In Counselor Education Programs, Matlhogonolo S. Maboe
The Need For Multicultural Training In Counselor Education Programs, Matlhogonolo S. Maboe
Graduate Research Papers
Multicultural counseling is a one-on-one helping relationship between the counselor and the client when the 1 two are of dissimilar culture and/or ethnic backgrounds (Dillard, 1983). For the past two decades, increased attention has been given to the issues involved in multicultural counseling. During this period the counseling profession recognized that mental health needs of the various racial and ethnic groups in the United States had not been adequately met (Jones & Korchin, 1982; Pedersen, 1985; Sue, 1981).
Alcoholism Among Black Americans, Karen Norris-Henderson
Alcoholism Among Black Americans, Karen Norris-Henderson
Graduate Research Papers
According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), alcohol abuse is the leading health and social problem in Black America today (Hacker, Collins, 1 & Jacobson, 1987). Data analysis from the Secretary's Task Force on Blacks and Minority Health (Ronan, 1986/87) indicated that Blacks suffer disproportionately from health consequences of alcohol abuse and appear to be at disproportionately high risk for certain alcohol related problems. Upton and Jallah (1986) cited another early study, released in 1979 by Dr. Lewis King, which found that alcoholism was the number one social problem in Black America. They further cited how …
The Demands Of Dual Roles For Student-Athletes, Kathleen M. Peters
The Demands Of Dual Roles For Student-Athletes, Kathleen M. Peters
Graduate Research Papers
Since the beginning of intercollegiate athletics in this country, there has been controversy regarding the role they play in the total program of higher education. More recently, attention has been focused on the commercial enterprise college athletics have become. Both aspects of the controversy have affected the student-athlete. Frey (1982) stated that ever since the first intercollegiate event 1n 1852, a crew race between Harvard and Yale, "the history of intercollegiate athletics has been one of balancing the demands of external :interests (e.g., alumni/booster, entertainment and promotion) with those of the internal, educational constituency who asked questions about institutional control" …
The Etiology Of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Theoretical Overview, Andrea Athey
The Etiology Of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Theoretical Overview, Andrea Athey
Graduate Research Papers
Historically, a man's right to control his mate through violence has been legally and culturally sanctioned. The expression "rule of thumb" originates in ancient Rome and refers to the common law practice which allowed a man to strike his wife with a stick provided the stick was no thicker than his thumb (Gelles , 1987) .
Supervisory Referrals To Employee Assistance Programs: Influences On The Use Of Eaps By Supervisors, Garth E. Baker
Supervisory Referrals To Employee Assistance Programs: Influences On The Use Of Eaps By Supervisors, Garth E. Baker
Graduate Research Papers
Employee assistance programming is an outgrowth of the occupational alcoholism programs that had their beginnings in the late 1930's and early 1940's. Since that time, changing attitudes and needs of employers and employees have led to a shift of emphasis away from alcoholism and into a larger area including all human problems and difficulties (Googins, 1988b). Along with this shift in focus has come a reallocation of r resources within organizations, more specifically, within the unit providing the assistance services. Foote and Erfurt (1981) and Googins (1988a) have shown that supervisory referrals have decreased significantly. Recent public attention to the …
Characteristics And Treatment Of Bulimia, Cindy Becker
Characteristics And Treatment Of Bulimia, Cindy Becker
Graduate Research Papers
Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by the episodic ingestion of large quantities of food in a relatively short period of time and, in most cases, these •binges• are followed by self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse or fasting (Ordman & Kirschenbaum, 1986). The vast majority of bulimic cases are women (only 10% are male) and it is estimated that as much as 20% of high school and collegiate-aged females are actively engaged in bulimic behaviors on a regular basis (Hale & Ware, 1984). More specifically, these behaviors include various aspects of the following according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual …
Effects Of Various Prekindergarten Learning Environments On A Child's Social Development And Self-Concept, Joel E. Raasch
Effects Of Various Prekindergarten Learning Environments On A Child's Social Development And Self-Concept, Joel E. Raasch
Graduate Research Papers
An important topic in education today is the issue of preschools for four-year-olds. In particular, there is much talk about what type of curriculum is in the best interest of the prekindergarten youngster. Much is said about "developmentally-appropriate programs for preschoolers", and the search is on for the most appropriate preschool model which will bring about the most desirable and long-term results in our nation's children. This search has been intensified in recent years as state legislatures have begun considering the question of whether or not to issue mandates that would require public schools in their states to offer preschool …
Teacher Decisionmaking: The Role And The Process, Loretta R. Ryan
Teacher Decisionmaking: The Role And The Process, Loretta R. Ryan
Graduate Research Papers
The decisionmaking task of the teacher, often referred to as the teacher's hidden agenda, has only in the last fifteen years been a specific topic of educational research. One prominent researcher in this field goes so far as to say that decisionmaking is "the basic teaching skill" (Shavelson, 1973). Teachers must wrestle daily with a myriad of demands and mandates while simultaneously being expected to provide the best possible instruction for students in their classrooms. It is not news to practitioners in the field that there are countless decisionmaking points in their day, but the current level of research in …
Marketing In College Admissions, Deborah Jo Sienknecht
Marketing In College Admissions, Deborah Jo Sienknecht
Graduate Research Papers
The first rule of effective marketing in business is that you cannot be all things to all people, and you cannot expect to sell to everyone. Marketing higher education is considered by some to be a somewhat undignified or unprofessional approach to the recruitment of students. However, with declining populations of traditional college students and the increased financial stringencies placed on both public and private colleges, many institutions have already adopted marketing approaches and still others may consider changes in their recruitment and admission strategies in the coming years.