Education Commons^™

Leading And Mentoring Women In Stem: Mitigating Gender & Microaggressions, Lilicia Bailey, April Curry

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Microaggressions, behaviors that can be nonverbal or verbal, can occur when individuals “communicate negative, hostile, and derogatory messages to people rooted in their marginalized group membership (based on gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality).” This statistic, according to the Institutional Transformation program at the University of New Hampshire,¹ is in alignment with what researchers indicate regarding microaggressions, asserting that they can be “intentional or unintentional” can occur daily, and are unacknowledged (Making the Invisible Visible: Gender Based Microaggressions, n.d.).

We consider the various types of microaggressions, specifically those based on gender, and assess the effect it has on women in leadership …

A Typology Of Perceived Negative Course Evaluations, Heather Carmack, Leah E. Lefebvre

Journal of the Association for Communication Administration

Instructors and administrators continue to debate the merit and value of using course evaluations to assess instructor effectiveness and course outcomes, especially when students see course evaluations as satisfaction surveys where they can unload negative and/or hurtful comments directed at instructors. Little is known about instructors’ perceptions of negative course evaluations. This study qualitatively examined faculty’s (N = 90) perceptions of negative course evaluation qualitative comments. Using a grounded analyst-constructed typologies approach, three types of negative course evaluation comments were identified: professional, personal, and performance. These types of negative comments call into question the disconnection between what students and instructors …

Supporting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered And Queer (Lgbtq) Youth In Southern Middle Schools, Xiomarra A. Beverly

South Carolina Association for Middle Level Education Journal

During my experience teaching in a conservative, southern middle school, I have found that gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered and queer (LGBTQ) youth are not afforded the same support systems as other minority groups within the classroom. I have noticed that students who self- identified as a member of the LGBTQ community were less engaged, had lower overall grades, and were frequently victimized by both students and faculty at times. I believed that I could increase the overall mental and physical health in the classroom by instilling supportive means that would translate inside and outside of the classroom. From both personal …

Unmasking Microaggressions On The Homefront: Exploring Faculty And Staff Perceptions After Attending An Online Workshop On Microaggressions In Higher Education, Andrea N. Crenshaw, Natasha N. Ramsay-Jordan, Allyson Deskins

Georgia Educational Researcher

Microaggressions are brief and everyday slights, insults, indignities, and denigrating messages sent to people of color and/or marginalized groups (women, LGBTQ+, etc.) by well-intentioned [people] who are unaware of the hidden messages being communicated (Sue et al., 2007). Microaggressions are connected to broader conceptualizations of the impact of implicit bias and systems of inequity. Specifically, in K-12 and higher education, microaggressions impact the physical, social, and emotional well-being of those who experience them. Growing research posits the need for more discussions in education about racism, sexism, and other bias prevalent in the field of education (Bergerson, 2003). As such, some …

Navigating Microaggressions In Online Learning Environments, Shreya Vaishnav, Donya D. Wallace

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Microaggressions are prevalent in academic online spaces and harm those involved. This showcase paper explores the literature around microaggressions and their impact in academia. The authors offer practical tips and tools for navigating microaggressions in the classroom, including how to engage in difficult dialogues with peers, students, and colleagues. Finally, strategies to create inclusive spaces in academia are discussed, specifically in a classroom setting or one-on-one interactions.

“Starting From Square One”: Results From The Racial Climate Survey Of Writing Center Professional Gatherings, Rachel Azima, Kelsey Hixson-Bowles, Neil Simpkins

Writing Center Journal

Though the conversation about race and racism in individual writing centers has developed in the last 30 years (Coenen et al., 2019; Condon, 2007; Dees et al., 2007; Denny, 2010; Faison, 2018; García, 2017; Greenfield, 2019; Greenfield & Rowan, 2011; Grimm, 1999; Kern, 2019; Lockett, 2019), scholars rarely discuss the racial climate of writing center professional spaces. This article reports on the findings from the Racial Climate Survey of Writing Center Professional Gatherings. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in spring 2019, when participants were asked about their experiences and perceptions of the racial climate of international, national, regional, and …

Increasing Student Comfort With Addressing Microaggressions: Ouch! That Stereotype Hurts, Devin Boggs Riley, Breanna Lewis, Bryan Hill, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Students on college campuses are not prepared or equipped to defend themselves or their peers when they experience or witness a microaggression. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the Ouch! That Stereotype Hurts program on s tudent comfort level when addressing microaggressions and other gender, racial and cultural insults. This educational program provides examples of different types of microaggressions seen in classrooms and workplace scenarios. The program is a 30 minute in dividual, self paced, guided eLearning program that enables learners to explore communication skills for promoting inclusion and respect among their peers. Participants were …

Black Women Leaders Professional And Social Experiences In Higher Education: A Review Of The Research Literature, Marian E. Truehill

Journal of Research Initiatives

The purpose of this review of the research literature was to offer a critical take on the current body of research focusing on the aspect of how Black women are affected by their experiences in higher education. Some of the themes discussed in this review include discrimination, social conditions, and lack of advancement in academic institutions. Implications for these issues is discussed and delineated.

Microaggressions In Academia: One Black Woman’S Story, Victoria Carter Jones

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

Abstract

As a Black instructor in higher education, I know all about the challenges that marginalized people face on a regular basis. After all, racism is deeply rooted in the foundation of our American culture and society. So, I guess I should not have been surprised when two senior professors made assumptions about who I am as a Black American woman and my intelligence in academia. This paper gives a subtle and brief look into my experiences of microaggressions as a new Black woman instructor at a predominantly White institution.

Microaggressions In The Academy: One Black Professor’S Narrative, Kevin L. Jones

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

For many Black men in academia, predominantly White institutions are the epicenter of racism and hindered success. My first year as an instructor at a predominantly White institution proved to be an experience I will never forget. I had some expectations of what I would encounter, but what actually happened far exceeded anything I could have imagined. Through the lens of a racial microaggressions framework, my personal narrative describes my lived experiences as a Black male preparing for the academy at a predominantly White institution in the south. Consequently, these experiences had a long-term emotional, physiological, and psychological impact. These …

Déjà Vu Or The Repetitive Nature Of Microaggressions: An Account Of Two Life Changing Experiences, 10 Years Apart, Nina M. Ellis-Hervey

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

According to American Psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth (2016), grit is often described as passion and perseverance for very long-term goals, while encompassing courage, conscientiousness, perseverance, resilience, and passion. Embodying such characteristics has supported me in thriving in various conditions and situations as an African American girl, then a woman. Grit further assisted in me overcoming many obstacles while remaining resilient, open-minded, and inquisitive. At various points in my education, more specifically my time in undergraduate and graduate schooling, and further in my pursuit of tenure as a young professor, I was met with overt and covert exposures to microaggressions of …

Hard Work Through Heart Work: Life Lessons Learned Through My Lens Of Microaggressions, Sean E. Harness

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

According to a study by Johnson-Ahorlu’s (2013), African American students experienced racial stereotypes, which were presented to them as attacks on their academic capabilities. Many of the “attacks” included shock from faculty and peers when they achieved in the classroom and inquiries about their abilities to handle the course workload. I began my life as one of the statistics we read about. More specifically, the “poor Black kid” in inner-city Detroit Michigan who aspired to live a much better life. Although I grew up with very limited financial resources, my support system taught me to remain confident in the face …

On Calling In And Becoming: Our Microaggression Story, Ashley N. Gibson, Brooke Blevins

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

This paper is a joint account of an experience with a microaggression between a doctoral candidate, Ashley, and her doctoral advisor Dr. Blevins in Baylor’s EdD Learning and Organizational Change program ( EdD LOC). The microaggression took place in a virtual learning setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. This story recounts the moment of the offense, how the harm was repaired, and what each felt and learned from the exchange. Ashley and Dr. Blevins partnered to share their perspectives, and both authors hope this paper will shed light on the topic of microaggressions, by raising awareness, cultivating dialogue on the topics …

Comet, Susan Rich Ms

Race and Pedagogy Journal: Teaching and Learning for Justice

Comet was born from the author's Fulbright year living and walking in South Africa in the first year of President Nelson Mandela's term in office. The poem takes on race from the uncomfortable perspective of a Jewish, working class, white woman.

“Where Are You From?”: Using Critical Race Theory To Analyze Graphic Novel Counter-Stories Of The Racial Microaggressions Experienced By Two Angry Asian Girls, Talitha Angelica Acaylar Trazo, Woohee Kim

Intersections: Critical Issues in Education

This article uses critical race theory (CRT) to analyze two stories about racial microaggressions from Where Are You From?: Short stories about being Asian in America, the graphic novel written and illustrated by Talitha Angelica Acaylar Trazo in fulfillment of her undergraduate honors thesis. Where Are You From? visually historicizes the counter-stories of 48 Asian and Asian American students at a predominantly-white undergraduate institution. In this article, we examine these microaggressions in relation to institutional and structural racism and the intersections of race, gender, and power dynamics between white faculty and Asian female students. Furthermore, we propose …

Women Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Microaggressions, Janeé R. Avent Harris, Heather Trepal, Ashley Prado, Jarryn Robinson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This phenomological study explored seven women counselor educators’ experiences with committing and receiving microaggressions within the context of their professional roles and academic responsibilities. The following themes emerged: continuum of awareness, responding to microaggressions, power in academia, impact of microaggressions, and intersection of identity. Implications and recommendations for counselor educators and administrators are provided.

Educational Narrative: Amairany Bautista, Amairany Bautista

Race and Pedagogy Journal: Teaching and Learning for Justice

As a part of the University of Puget Sound's African American Studies Public Scholarship course, students were required to review their educational experiences from pre-k to the present. The goal of this assignment was for them to assess the ways in which they were treated based on their marginalizations or their privileges. Students provided three terms for what their narrative would share — the terms were not to be included in their narrative. After reading their narratives aloud, a class discussion connected their terms to the associated experiences. There are a total of four narratives in this issue, three are …

“You’Re Not Like Everyone Else”: Sexual Orientation Microaggressions At A Catholic University, Bryce E. Hughes

Journal of Catholic Education

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer students at Catholic colleges and universities face a campus climate rife with sexual orientation microaggressions, subtle or covert expressions of hostility the impact from which can compound over time. In this case study, I draw from interviews with 14 students, 12 faculty, and 6 staff members from one Catholic university their experiences with microaggressions. Participants indicated that sexual orientation microaggressions were common on their campus, like other colleges and universities, and the university did not have a systematic method for addressing this problem. The Catholic affiliation of the university shaped microaggressions uniquely, especially in instances …

Color-Blind Racial Attitudes: Microaggressions In The Context Of Racism And White Privilege, Jared F. Edwards

Administrative Issues Journal

Interest in institutional racism, White privilege, and microaggressions appears to be growing. We are living in times when the impact of race and racism are debated—when even the existence of racism is debated along with the appropriateness of examining the worst parts of U.S. history. This special-issue invited article includes a brief examination of historical information and current context in which racism and microaggressions exist, leading to their connections to Color-Blind Racial Attitudes (CoBRAs). Reviewed research on CoBRAs addresses teacher training, educational practices, experiences on college campuses, and organizational management.

Factors Contributing To The Persistence Of African American And Hispanic Undergraduate Males Enrolled At A Regional Predominantly White Institution, Reginal R. Hall

Administrative Issues Journal

The purpose of this study is to explore factors that may contribute to the persistence and graduation rates of African American and Hispanic undergraduate males enrolled at regional four-year public universities in Texas. African American and Hispanic males have lower graduation rates in both secondary and post-secondary education than their White peers (Harper, 2010; Swail, Cabrera, Lee, & Williams, 2013). The qualitative research investigated characteristics that exist among African American and Hispanic undergraduate males who have persisted and were retained at the university through their senior academic year. The research problem was explored through the lens of critical race theory …

Social Class Bias: A Phenomenological Study, Jennifer M. Cook

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Nine licensed professional counselors participated in semi-structured interviews about social class and socioeconomic status, including their experiences with classism. Phenomenological analysis revealed both participant classism experiences and use of language that expressed social class bias. Implications and recommendations for future research for counselor educators and supervisors are provided.

Experiences And Responses To Microaggressions On Historically White Campuses: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis, Y. Kafi Moragne-Patterson, Tracey M. Barnett

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

According to the U.S. Department of Education (2011), only 59% of students who sought bachelors’ degrees from four-year postsecondary institutions in 2006 completed the degree within six years, and among African American/Black students, only 40% finished college within six years. Despite efforts to quantify factors that contribute to low retention rates among African American students, less is known about the qualitative experiences of students who remain on campuses across the United States. This qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis examines the microaggressive encounters experienced by African American undergraduate college students (ages 17-22) at historically White, fouryear colleges and universities to better understand how …

What Does It Mean For Us To Move Forward: Combatting Marginality And Institutional Racism, Karyn Dyer

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

Students' Critical Reflections on Racial (in)justice

Challenging The Utility Of A Racial Microaggressions Framework Through A Systematic Review Of Racially Biased Incidents On Campus, Gina A. Garcia, Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

Despite claims of being in a “postracial” era, racially biased incidents pervade college and university campuses across the U.S., as evidenced in the continual media coverage of such incidents. In recognizing the complexities of these incidents, we sought to offer a contemporary review of racially biased incidents on college and university campuses and to explore the extent to which they represent covert forms of racial microaggressions versus more overt forms of racism. We conducted a content analysis of all news-making racially biased incidents that occurred on college and university campuses between August 1, 2005 and May 1, 2010, identifying 205 …

Dirty Dancing With Race And Class: Microaggressions Toward First-Generation And Low Income College Students Of Color, Geneva L. Sarcedo, Cheryl E. Matias, Roberto Montoya, Naomi Nishi

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

Using a raceclass analysis, which positions race and class as inextricably linked, this reflective and conceptual paper will explore how racialized and classed, or raceclassist, microaggressions impact first-generation and low income college students of color. Utilizing counterstorytelling and theoretical analysis, the first author shares her counterstory as a starting point to understand and analyze the impact raceclassist microaggressions have on racially and economically minoritized students. We consider the implications of raceclassist microaggressions toward first-generation and low income college student of color. We also pose recommendations for addressing raceclassist microaggressions in terms of practice in student affairs and institutions of …