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Challenging Behaviors In Young Children: The Father's Role, Ann D. Burbach, Robert A. Fox, Bonnie C. Nicholson
Challenging Behaviors In Young Children: The Father's Role, Ann D. Burbach, Robert A. Fox, Bonnie C. Nicholson
Robert Fox
In this study, the authors examined the parenting practices, developmental expectations, and stress levels of 136 fathers and the challenging and prosocial behaviors of their 1- to 5-year-old children. In addition, the authors systematically addressed fathers' qualitative concerns about their parenting. The authors divided the participants into 4 groups and controlled for family socioeconomic status (SES) and the focus child's gender. Results showed a significantly higher use of corporal and verbal punishment and parenting stress among lower income fathers. Secondary analyses demonstrated a significant effect of paternal disciplinary practices that emphasized the frequent use of corporal and verbal punishment on …