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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Education
The Impact Of Standards-Based Reform: Applying Brantlinger's Critique Of Hierarchical Ideologies, Jessica Bacon, Beth Ferri
The Impact Of Standards-Based Reform: Applying Brantlinger's Critique Of Hierarchical Ideologies, Jessica Bacon, Beth Ferri
Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works
Brantlinger's [2004b. "Ideologies Discerned, Values Determined: Getting past the Hierarchies of Special Education." In Ideology and the Politics of (in)Exclusion, edited by L. Ware, 11-31. New York: Peter Lang Publishing] critique of hierarchical ideologies lays bare the logics embedded in standards-based reform. Drawing on Brantlinger's insightful analysis, we trace how hierarchical ideologies impacted inclusive practice at one urban elementary school, deemed failing under the No Child Left Behind Act. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of data from interviews, public forums, and documents, we chart some of the negative effects of hierarchical ideologies on inclusive practice. We illustrate, for instance, how …
South-South Relations And The English School Of International Relations: Chinese And Brazilian Ideas And Involvement In Sub-Saharan Africa, Anthony Petros Spanakos, Joseph Marques
South-South Relations And The English School Of International Relations: Chinese And Brazilian Ideas And Involvement In Sub-Saharan Africa, Anthony Petros Spanakos, Joseph Marques
Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The rise of large developing countries has led to considerable discussions of re-balancing global relations and giving greater priority to understanding South-South relations. This paper, in exploring the central ideas of Chinese and Brazilian foreign policy and the behavior of these two rising Southern countries toward Sub-Saharan Africa, argues that the English School of International Relations is well suited to understanding the intentions and actions that characterize South-South relations.
Birds Of A Feather... Generalization Of Facial Structures Following Massive Familiarization, Pablo Tinio, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder
Birds Of A Feather... Generalization Of Facial Structures Following Massive Familiarization, Pablo Tinio, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Three experiments examined the effects of symmetry and complexity, as facial structures, on the aesthetic judgments of faces, and how these effects are modulated by moderate or massive familiarization. Results showed that symmetrical faces were judged as more attractive than nonsymmetrical faces, and simple faces were judged as more attractive than complex faces-with complexity defined as the number of facial elements. Complexity in faces seemed to have overridden the usually positive effects of facial symmetry. Moreover, while moderate familiarization did not modulate the effects, massive familiarization to a specific face type resulted in structural generalization effects: participants provided higher aesthetic …
Ethical Challenges And Solutions Involved In Reviewing A Protocol With Sex Offenders As Participants: The Concerns And Solutions Identified For Protecting A Highly Controversial Population, Hila Berger, Amy Krenzer, Nicole Bryan
Ethical Challenges And Solutions Involved In Reviewing A Protocol With Sex Offenders As Participants: The Concerns And Solutions Identified For Protecting A Highly Controversial Population, Hila Berger, Amy Krenzer, Nicole Bryan
Presentations and Proceedings
In reviewing research, the three basic tenets IRBs are expected to abide by are beneficence, justice and respect for persons. The IRB was challenged in meeting these tenets during the course of a recent review. Given the highly controversial participant population of sex offenders and the methodology initially proposed, there were a multitude of ethical challenges uncovered that required unique solutions. The protocol presented to the IRB was developed to investigate the use of networked technologies and communications for the purpose of human trafficking. To do so the researchers proposed recruiting “Johns” or individuals convicted of soliciting sex and interviewing …
Variations On A Theme: The Shift From Distinction To Commonality In Philadelphia's Diverse Provider Model 2002-2008, Katrina Bulkley, Eva Travers
Variations On A Theme: The Shift From Distinction To Commonality In Philadelphia's Diverse Provider Model 2002-2008, Katrina Bulkley, Eva Travers
Department of Educational Leadership Scholarship and Creative Works
Recent years have seen a growing push toward Portfolio Management Models that incorporate a variety of "providers" operating public schools. One rationale for this is that such organizations can offer distinct and innovative educational practices. This article describes the Diverse Provider Model implemented in Philadelphia from 2002-2008, and the shifts in practices by many outside providers away from distinction and toward alignment with the district approach. Drawing on institutional theory, we examine possible explanations for these shifts, including the particular structures and incentives in Philadelphia and discuss what can be learned about the prospects for innovation through outside providers.
Institutionalized Ableism And The Misguided "Disability Awareness Day": Transformative Pedagogies For Teacher Education, Priya Lalvani, Alicia Broderick
Institutionalized Ableism And The Misguided "Disability Awareness Day": Transformative Pedagogies For Teacher Education, Priya Lalvani, Alicia Broderick
Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works
Despite acknowledgement among social justice educators about the need to infuse anti-bias lessons in K-12 curricula, discussions of disability oppression are silent in schools. Token efforts at addressing the topic of disability generally manifest as "disability awareness day(s)" and often include "disability simulations," which have been long condemned by disability rights activists as promoting cultural attitudes that are ableist in nature. In this article, we discuss a qualitative inquiry that examines shifts in the perceptions of graduate students, with regard to the pedagogical use of disability simulations for teaching children about disability. The context of this study is a teacher …
Structural Approaches To Health Promotion: What Do We Need To Know About Policy And Environmental Change?, Lisa D. Lieberman, Shelley D. Golden, Jo Anne L. Earp
Structural Approaches To Health Promotion: What Do We Need To Know About Policy And Environmental Change?, Lisa D. Lieberman, Shelley D. Golden, Jo Anne L. Earp
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Although the public health literature has increasingly called on practitioners to implement changes to social, environmental, and political structures as a means of improving population health, recent research suggests that articles evaluating organization, community, or policy changes are more limited than those focused on programs with individuals or their social networks. Even when these approaches appear promising, we do not fully understand whether they will benefit all population groups or can be successful in the absence of accompanying individually oriented programs. The role of this broad category of approaches, including both policy and environmental changes, in decreasing health disparities is …
Structural Approaches To Health Promotion: What Do We Need To Know About Policy And Environmental Change?, Lisa D. Lieberman, Shelley D. Golden, Jo Anne L. Earp
Structural Approaches To Health Promotion: What Do We Need To Know About Policy And Environmental Change?, Lisa D. Lieberman, Shelley D. Golden, Jo Anne L. Earp
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Although the public health literature has increasingly called on practitioners to implement changes to social, environmental, and political structures as a means of improving population health, recent research suggests that articles evaluating organization, community, or policy changes are more limited than those focused on programs with individuals or their social networks. Even when these approaches appear promising, we do not fully understand whether they will benefit all population groups or can be successful in the absence of accompanying individually oriented programs. The role of this broad category of approaches, including both policy and environmental changes, in decreasing health disparities is …
From Artistic Creation To Aesthetic Reception: The Mirror Model Of Art, Pablo Tinio
From Artistic Creation To Aesthetic Reception: The Mirror Model Of Art, Pablo Tinio
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The fields of creativity and aesthetics remain relatively separate in spite of the great advances made in the psychology of the arts over the past century. This divide has limited our understanding of the experience of art. Here I present a model that describes the interface between the two sides: art-making and art-viewing. According to the model, aesthetic experiences mirror the art-making process in the sense that the early stages of aesthetic processing correspond to the final stages of art-making; conversely, the late stages of aesthetic processing correspond to the initial stages of art-making. Considering the aesthetic processing of an …
International Adoption: Counseling And The Adoption Triad, Amanda Baden, Judith L. Gibbons, Samantha L. Wilson, Hollee Mcginnis
International Adoption: Counseling And The Adoption Triad, Amanda Baden, Judith L. Gibbons, Samantha L. Wilson, Hollee Mcginnis
Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works
Despite a 60-plus-year history of international adoption (IA) placements, the body of research exploring counseling and psychological interventions for those affected by IA is still in its infancy. This critical review of the state of the literature addresses research, theory, and practice relevant to the international adoption triad (adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoptees). We highlight the lack of empirical attention to the clinical needs of birth parents, the tendency to overlook the clinical needs of adoptive parents both pre- and post-adoption, early childhood vulnerability in international adoptees, and adolescent identity challenges and the attendant clinical issues.
Student Thought And Classroom Language: Examining The Mechanisms Of Change In Dialogic Teaching, Alina Reznitskaya, Maughn Gregory
Student Thought And Classroom Language: Examining The Mechanisms Of Change In Dialogic Teaching, Alina Reznitskaya, Maughn Gregory
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Dialogue, as a communication form characterized by its commitment to inclusiveness and rationality, has long been advocated by educators as a mechanism for helping students become better thinkers. Unfortunately, numerous claims about the educational potential of participating in dialogue have not resulted in substantial changes in classroom practices. Studies have consistently shown that in today's schools the dominant discourse remains largely monologic. In this article, we present a testable theory of change that suggests how sociocultural processes in a dialogic classroom influence students' development.We identify and discuss three learning outcomes of dialogic teaching, including epistemological understanding, argument skills, and disciplinary …
Land Of Misfit Toys: Mothers Perceptions Of Educational Environments For Their Children With Down Syndrome, Priya Lalvani
Land Of Misfit Toys: Mothers Perceptions Of Educational Environments For Their Children With Down Syndrome, Priya Lalvani
Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works
In this qualitative study, 19 mothers discussed the education of their children with Down syndrome. Mothers reflected on their expectations and perceptions of different educational environments, focussing particularly on their understanding of inclusive education. The findings suggest that mothers beliefs and decisions related to the education of their children with Down syndrome were embedded in culturally constructed notions of normalcy and stigma. Their support for particular educational programmes was inextricably linked with their understanding of the sociocultural meaning of Down syndrome. Findings revealed the existence of institutional resistance to inclusive education as well as dominant educational discourses that positioned students …
Type Of High-School Credentials And Older Age Adl And Iadl Limitations: Is The Ged Credential Equivalent To A Diploma?, Sze Yan Liu, Niraj R. Chavan, M. Maria Glymour
Type Of High-School Credentials And Older Age Adl And Iadl Limitations: Is The Ged Credential Equivalent To A Diploma?, Sze Yan Liu, Niraj R. Chavan, M. Maria Glymour
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Purpose: Educational attainment is a robust predictor of disability in elderly Americans: older adults with high-school (HS) diplomas have a substantially lower disability than individuals who did not complete HS. General Educational Development (GED) diplomas now comprise almost 20% of new HS credentials issued annually in the United States but it is unknown whether the apparent health advantages of HS diplomas extend to GED credentials. This study examines whether adults older than 50 years with GEDs have higher odds of incident instrumental or basic activities of daily living (IADLs) limitations compared with HS degree holders. Methods: We compared odds of …
The Legal Consequences Of Mandating High Stakes Decisions Based On Low Quality Information: Teacher Evaluation In The Race-To-The-Top Era, Bruce D. Baker, Joseph Oluwole, Preston C. Green
The Legal Consequences Of Mandating High Stakes Decisions Based On Low Quality Information: Teacher Evaluation In The Race-To-The-Top Era, Bruce D. Baker, Joseph Oluwole, Preston C. Green
Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works
In this article, we explain how overly prescriptive, rigid state statutory and regulatory policy frameworks regarding teacher evaluation, tenure and employment decisions outstrip the statistical reliability and validity of proposed measures of teaching effectiveness. We begin with a discussion of the emergence of highly prescriptive state legislation regarding the use of student testing data within teacher evaluation systems, specifically for purposes of making employment decisions. Next, we explain the most problematic features of those policies, which include a) requirements that test-based measures constitute fixed, non-negotiable weight in final decisions, b) that test-based measures are used to place teachers into categories …
Comparing Student Experiences With Story Discussions In Dialogic Versus Traditional Settings, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina
Comparing Student Experiences With Story Discussions In Dialogic Versus Traditional Settings, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The authors examined the testimonials of 60 elementary school students about their experience during class discussions of assigned readings. They randomly assigned 12 classrooms to 2 treatments: Philosophy for Children (P4C) and Regular Instruction. P4C is an alternative educational environment that places dialogue at the center of its pedagogy. Ten students from each classroom were interviewed. According to the results, significantly more P4C students stated that they enjoyed expressing disagreement with peers, taking on new responsibilities, and explaining their thinking to others. More P4C students complained about the difficulties with getting the floor to speak, and suggested that changes are …
A Call To Integrate Religious Communities Into Practice: The Case Of Sikhs, Muninder Ahluwalia, Anjali Alimchandani
A Call To Integrate Religious Communities Into Practice: The Case Of Sikhs, Muninder Ahluwalia, Anjali Alimchandani
Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works
Sikhs, an ethnic and religious minority group in the United States, have seen a significant shift in their social location since 9/11. They have experienced harassment and violence beyond race and ethnicity to the visible markers of the religion (e.g., turbans). In this article, we address how counseling psychology is uniquely positioned to work with Sikhs given these circumstances. We provide an overview of Sikh Americans, including specific experiences that may affect treatment such as race-based traumatic injury, identification as a part of a visible religious minority group, and the impact of historic community-level trauma. We discuss recommendations for practitioners …
Determining The Optimal Values Of Exponential Smoothing Constants--Does Solver Really Work?, Handanhal Ravinder
Determining The Optimal Values Of Exponential Smoothing Constants--Does Solver Really Work?, Handanhal Ravinder
Department of Management Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
A key issue in exponential smoothing is the choice of the values of the smoothing constants used. One approach that is becoming increasingly popular in introductory management science and operations management textbooks is the use of Solver, an Excel-based non-linear optimizer, to identify values of the smoothing constants that minimize a measure of forecast error like Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) or Mean Squared Error (MSE). We point out some difficulties with this approach and suggest an easy fix. We examine the impact of initial forecasts on the smoothing constants and the idea of optimizing the initial forecast along with the …
Conceptions Of Equity: How Influential Actors View A Contested Concept, Katrina Bulkley
Conceptions Of Equity: How Influential Actors View A Contested Concept, Katrina Bulkley
Department of Educational Leadership Scholarship and Creative Works
Discussions of educational equity have played an important role in educational policy in the United States over the past 50 years, and advocates with a broad range of perspectives on reform have sought to claim the equity mantle. In this article, I examine aspects of equity, including the distribution of "inputs" to public education, the process of delivering education, and the outcomes of the educational process. I surveyed a series of experts in educational policy to identify influential actors in national debates. Based on that survey, I conducted 12 semistructured interviews with individuals and representatives of organizations identified as "influential," …
Foundations For Self-Determination In Early Childhood: An Inclusive Model For Children With Disabilities, Susan B. Palmer, Jean Ann Summers, Mary Jane Brotherson, Elizabeth Erwin, Susan P. Maude, Vera Stroup-Rentier, Hsiang Yi Wu, Nancy F. Peck, Yuzhu Zheng, Cindy J. Weigel, Szu Yin Chu, Greg S. Mcgrath, Shana J. Haines
Foundations For Self-Determination In Early Childhood: An Inclusive Model For Children With Disabilities, Susan B. Palmer, Jean Ann Summers, Mary Jane Brotherson, Elizabeth Erwin, Susan P. Maude, Vera Stroup-Rentier, Hsiang Yi Wu, Nancy F. Peck, Yuzhu Zheng, Cindy J. Weigel, Szu Yin Chu, Greg S. Mcgrath, Shana J. Haines
Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works
This article introduces the Early Childhood Foundations Model for Self-Determination and provides a rationale for the need to consider the foundations of self-determination behavior that begin early in life. This model is based on the premise that young children with disabilities benefit from a collaborative partnership between important adults in the lives of children to provide a supportive, stimulating, and coordinated environment between inclusive classrooms and home settings. Within partnership, the Foundations Model establishes the proposition that the basic foundational skills for developing self-determination in later life require young children with disabilities to gain skills in (a) choice-making and problem …
Privilege, Compromise, Or Social Justice: Teachers' Conceptualizations Of Inclusive Education, Priya Lalvani
Privilege, Compromise, Or Social Justice: Teachers' Conceptualizations Of Inclusive Education, Priya Lalvani
Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works
This qualitative study explored the beliefs of teachers in the USA about the education of students with disabilities, focusing on their conceptualizations of inclusive education. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 teachers. The findings highlight multiple interpretations of inclusive education and suggest that teachers' support for inclusive education may be linked with the ways in which they conceptualize this practice. Most teachers' beliefs about the education of students with disabilities were embedded in dominant educational discourses that centered on the otherness of some students, and an unquestioned acceptance of implicit assumptions in special education. Findings support the need …