Education Commons^™

Beyond Educational Reforms: A Review Of Teacher Preparation In Tanzania, Nipael Mrutu, Peter Kajoro, Fredrick Mtenzi, Hamis Nkota, Jamila Kova, Aladini Hoka

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Changes in the educational sector are essential, particularly for improving the quality of teaching and learning. This study, therefore, intends to explore the teacher preparation practices and how they are shaped by educational reforms. Hence, both empirical and theoretical studies were reviewed. Furthermore, this research study employed a systematic review approach on 42 articles published in a range of 15 years from 2007-2022, in order to explore teacher-preparation practices and how they are shaped by educational reforms. The paper highlights educational reforms and it illustrates those factors that shape educationreform outcomes. It portrays educators, not as individuals with the mandate …

Pakistan’S First-Ever Participation In An International Large-Scale Assessment (Timss): Critique And Implications, Sohail Ahmad, Sherwin Rodrigues, Sadia Muzaffar Bhutta

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

The International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA) is a rapidly growing field in education which has gained considerable attention of stakeholders across the globe. Historically, ILSA emerged from the developed context which has drifted to the developing contexts in a short span of time due to globalisation. Pakistan has participated in ILSA (i.e., TIMSS) for the first time in the 2019 cycle. In light of the global critique on ILSA, this paper presents a critical analysis on Pakistan’s participation in TIMSS by raising questions embedded in contextual realities. The discussion adds to the understanding of ILSA in terms of historical developments, theoretical …

Research Attitudes, Practice And Literacy Among Kenyan Palliative Care Healthcare Professionals: An Observational, Crosssectional Online Survey, Ra Powell, Z Ali, Nancy Gikaara, Qanungo S, Es Melikam, Kb Cartmell

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: While research is needed to advocate for implementation of global agendas to strengthen palliative care, healthcare professionals’ research literacy must improve to bridge the gap between evidence and practice. A resurgent focus on North-South power disparities, means attention should also focus on understanding low- and middle-income countries’ local agency to implement palliative care research agendas.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional online survey among Kenyan palliative healthcare professionals currently working at any of the palliative and hospice care organizations operational during January – December 2019, using descriptive statistics.

Results: Among the 93 survey respondents, participants were mainly nurses (50.54%; n=47). Regarding …

Role Of Personality Traits For Entrepreneurial Intentions Of Young Entrepreneurs: A Case Study Of Higher Education Institution, Yuanyuan Cao, Muhammad Mujtaba Asad, Lu Wang, Aisha Naz Ansari, Norah Almusharraf

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Pakistan being a young country is struggling to provide employment opportunities. However, entrepreneurship is a perceived strategy for reducing unemployment. The trend of entrepreneurship is also emerging among university students. Thus, the ratio of entrepreneurial intention and start-ups is also increasing among university students and graduates. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of personality traits in the entrepreneurial intentions of young entrepreneurs. Considering this, qualitative methodology was employed with the case study as the research design. A single case of a university with three different departments was taken. In total, n = 9 entrepreneurs were purposely selected from …

Student Mobility In Kenya’S Private Universities: An Assessment Of The Effect Of Universities’ Customer Care Services, Mercy Igoki, Tarsilla Kibaara, Paul Gichohi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

The study sought to analyse the effect of customer care services on student mobility in private universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employs a descriptive survey design targeting 26 registered private universities. A study sample of 180 private university students and 9 registrars was selected using multi-stage sampling whereby the private universities from Nairobi County, Kenya, were purposely selected. The universities were further sampled in stratus using stratified sampling. The registrars further applied random sampling to select the students who were interviewed. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires for registrars and students. Analysis was then done …

Relationship Between Economic Status Of Students And Inter-University Transfers Among Private Universities In Nairobi County, Kenya, Mercy Igoki, Tarsilla Kibaara, Paul Gichohi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This paper aims to establish the relationship between students’ economic status and mobility in private universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was employed to accomplish this objective by targeting 26 registered private universities (including private university constituents where mobility rate records are too high) in Nairobi County, Kenya. A sample of 180 private university students and nine registrars was obtained using a multi-stage sampling technique at three different stages. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used in analysing the collected data, from which descriptive statistics such as mean scores, percentages, standard deviation, and linear …

An Account Of The Methodological Implementation Of Design-Based Research In The Chemistry Classroom Context, Esther Kibga, Emmanuel Gakuba, John Sentongo

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Design-Based Research (DBR) has recently received a significant amount of attention in the educational research literature of the 21st century. This work analyses the understanding of DBR as the research methodology, why, and how it can be applied in educational research to bring a practical outcome and improve educational practices. Besides, this work reflects on a step-by-step implementation of the Hands-on Instructional Model (HIM) designed to enhance the development of chemistry learners’ curiosity and problem-solving skills. Also, it gives a detailed description of the two prototypes of the first alteration cycle. A sample of 169 Senior Three chemistry students was …

Teachers’ And Students’ Views On The Use Of Songs In Teaching And Learning Ionic Bonds, Omollo D. O, Winston Edward Massam

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Taking into consideration learner engagement during a chemistry lesson is a very crucial step if conceptual understanding is one of the goals. In the current times, teachers are drastically losing a grasp of their learners during lessons, especially chemistry lessons. However, studies that borrowed from the kindergartens have proved that incorporation of songs during lessons may engage learners. This qualitative research, which took an action research design, explored the feasibility of applying songs in rich science content in enhancing interest, motivation and engagement in ionic bonding and similar chemistry concepts among Kenyan high school students. The aim of the study …

The Bangsamoro: A Search For Autonomy In An Era Of Contested Priorities And Global Changes – Implications For Education For All, Anil Khamis

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), an offshoot of Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), was established in the 1970s to struggle for autonomy and self-determination of the Bangsamoro. The Bangsamoro home of the Moro Muslim community in the Southern Philippines achieved its strategic goal of a measure of autonomy through a national plebiscite in December 2019. A transition period of three years is underway, with funding from international and bilateral agencies, to strengthen the Bangsamoro Transitional Authority’s governing framework and for its service provision particularly education for all. Local educational authorities, personnel, and schools over the past five decades have …

Early Childhood Development In Uganda: Investing In Human And National Development – Reflections From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Anil Khamis

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

This chapter presents an analysis of the development of early childhood development in Uganda from policy to programme development in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the achievements and challenges as well as the opportunities for government and its partners whilst navigating an evolving and increasingly competitive political economy. The chapter identifies gaps that need to be addressed in terms of human development, which is argued to be the basis of national development. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are presented as an acceptable and agreed framework by all stakeholders as Uganda and other nations confront uncertain futures. …

Academy Schools In England: Neoliberalism, Privatisation And Governance, Jeff Tan

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

This chapter examines the drivers of academisation in order to better understand the emergence, growth, and impact of academy schools in England. It traces the expansion of academy schools as part of ongoing educational reforms that were reinforced by a neoliberal narrative and facilitated by the state through subsidies and the underfunding and disinvestment of state-run schools. This was driven by the private for-profit and non-profit sectors as key agents in the implementation, and sometimes formulation, of government education policy, along with the state which was an active participant and beneficiary through the revolving door involving politicians, senior civil servants, …

Publication Dynamics: What Can Be Done To Eliminate Barriers To Publishing Full Manuscripts By The Postgraduate Trainees Of A Low-Middle Income Country?, Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Sibtain Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Abid, Mohammad Aamir, Aamir Ijaz, Aysha Habib Khan, Imran Siddiqui

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the publication rate of free paper abstracts presented by the postgraduate (PG) trainees and determine the reasons for non-publication. A mixed methods study was conducted. PG trainees presenting free papers at the at the Pakistan Society of Chemical Pathologist conferences from 2012 to 2018 were included. Three databases were searched to identify if the abstracts were published or not. The PG trainee authors of abstracts not published as full manuscript, were surveyed to determine the barriers and challenges in publishing a manuscript.
Results: The average rate of full manuscript publication was 51.8% (n = …

School Teachers And Principals’ Experiences During Covid-19 In Pakistan, Azra Naseem, Mirat Al Fatima Ahsan, Sohail Ahmad, Tasneem Anwar, Razia Fakir Mohammad

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, educational activities were disrupted globally. In Pakistan, schools were also closed, and though some schools had started teaching online, the staff (including principals and teachers) and students' readiness for education during the pandemic remained unexplored. An internet-based survey was conducted to explore the experiences of the teachers and principals during the lockdown. The survey included both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Responses were collected from respondents in different parts of Pakistan, with the majority coming from Sindh and coming from both the private and public sector. While the respondents from private schools reported that …

Examining The Self-Efficacy For Online Learning Across Young And Old Age Students Of Sindh, Aisha Naz Ansari

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This paper presents the self-efficacy for online learning during the pandemic, across two age groups young (25 and below) and old (above 25) from different schools and universities in Sindh based on five constructs of self-efficacy. These constructs include completion of online courses, social interaction among students, academic interaction among students, interaction with instructors, and handling online tools of course management. This was a quantitative study with a web-based survey. The population of the study was school and university students of Sindh aging from 18 onwards and have taken online classes. The sample (n=162) was selected conveniently. And the data …

Teachers’ And Learners’ Perceptions Of The Use Of Science Content Songs In The Teaching And Learning Of Ionic Bonding, Omollo D. O, Winston Edward Massam

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Factoring learner engagement during chemistry lessons is key if conceptual understanding is an objective. This qualitative action research study explored the possibility of using science content songs to enhance learners’ engagement, motivation and interest in ionic bonding and related chemistry concepts among high school learners in Kenya. The study aimed at transforming learner attitudes in chemistry through songs as pedagogies and making them active participants during chemistry lessons. Two chemistry teachers and 65 form two students were purposively chosen to participate in the study. Out of the 65 students, 8 were selected through a random sampling method to participate in …

Design-Based Implementation Research Baseline Data Collection: Technical Report, Koomar Saalim, Adam Taskeen, Winston Edward Massam, Anthony , Gervace, Mrope Winifrida Jacob, Fredrick Mtenzi, Mwakabungu Fika, Aneth Komba, Sara Hennessy, Barretto Johnpaul

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This research study aims to investigate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of a tech-supported, decentralised, and school-based teacher continuous professional development (TCPD) model, to improve learning outcomes in rural Tanzanian primary schools. The research will test and iteratively improve the national TCPD model and roll-out (including the semi-structured Communities of Learning), as outlined in the Tanzanian National TCPD Implementation Plan (2021). We seek to understand the model’s effectiveness and the role that technology can play. The research team includes researchers from EdTech Hub, Aga Khan University, and the Tanzania Institute of Education. The study employs a Design-Based Implementation Research (DBIR) …

Development Of Evidence-Based Covid-19 Management Guidelines For Local Context: The Methodological Challenges, Sarah Nadeem, Salima Saleem Aamdani, Bushra Ayub, Nashia Ali Rizvi, Fatima Safi Arslan, Russell Seth Martins, Maria Khan, Syed Faisal Mahmood

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented as a therapeutic challenge for clinicians worldwide due to its rapid spread along with evolving evidence and understanding of the disease. Internationally, recommendations to guide the management of COVID-19 have been created and updated continuously by the WHO and CDC, which have been locally adapted by different countries. Similarly, Pakistan's National Command Operation Center (NCOC), in its national COVID-19 management strategy, generated guidelines for national implementation. Keeping the guidelines updated has proved challenging globally and locally. Here, we present a summary of the process to assess the evidence, including a time-restricted …

In-Vision : Issue 10- Year 2022, Department Of Education Development

IN-VISION

• Message from Dr Naveed Yousuf Chair, Department of Education Development
• Faculty in Focus Amber Sultan
• Event Recap Annual Mega Question Review
• Education Grand Rounds (EGR)
• Introductory Short Courses in Health Profession Education (ISC-HPE)
• Master of Health Profession Education (MHPE)
• Examination Cell
• Other Faculty Development Workshops "A Collaboration Between DED & UMGE"
• Faculty & Staff Highlights
• Awards, Recognitions & Joining
• Upcoming DED Events
• Learning Resources 5 Tips
• Publications
• Med Ed How to: Case Based Learning

Mix Method Approach Of Measuring Vr As A Pedagogical Tool To Enhance Experimental Learning: Motivation From Literature Survey Of Previous Study, Muhammad Mujtaba Asad, Aisha Naz Ansari, Prathamesh Churi, Antonio José Moreno Guerrero, Anas A. Salameh

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This research has been experimented on our previous literature review. Technological advancement has prevailed in the modern era from the 20th century. Artificial intelligence and virtual worlds have been created for rapid technological development. This paper is aimed at exploring the effect of virtual reality as a pedagogical tool for enhancing experiential learning among undergraduate students. Considering this, it was a mixed-methods study following the design of sequential exploratory–which includes qualitative followed by quantitative part. The targeted population was undergraduate students taking education programs from Public Sector Universities of Sindh. For the qualitative part, the sample of eight undergraduate students …

Facilitating Accommodation Of Learners With Disabilities In Summative Assessment Of Literacies In Tanzania Through Mobile Application, Musa Saimon, Fredrick Mtenzi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Summative Assessment of Language Literacies in Tanzania is administered in the form of a Paper-and-pencil assessment. This kind of assessment hardly accommodates learners with disabilities such as visually impaired ones because it does not allow adjustment of the font size to suit the reader’s needs. As a result, such students might end up being judged as failures in such assessments while their failure is attributed to the nature of the assessment rather than their lack of competence in language literacies. Therefore, to improve the existing situation, the present study investigated the contribution of mobile applications to accommodating learners with diverse …

In-Vision : Issue 9 - June 2021 - March 2022, Department Of Educational Development

IN-VISION

• Message from Dr Muhammad Tariq, Interim Associate Dean, Education
• Faculty in Focus Dr Qamar Riaz
• Seeking Wisdom - Talking to Endowed Chair
• Events Recap
• MHPE
• Faculty and staff Highlights
• Education Grand Rounds
• Upcoming DED Events

Navigating Through Our History In Research: An Altmetric Analysis For Publications By The Full-Time Operative Dentistry Faculty At The Aga Khan University Hospital In The Past Decade, Nighat Naveed, Fahad Umer

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To analyse the social dissemination of publications by fulltime faculty at a tertiary care facility.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised publication records of the fulltime Operative Dentistry faculty members between July 2011 till July 2021. The search was done on Google Scholar, Altmetric Explorer and PubMed electronic databases. After final screening, all the publications in PubMed-indexed journals, including in vitro studies, randomised controlled trials, original research articles, case reports and letters to the editor, for which the Altmetric Attention Score was available were included.
Results: Of the 225 publications …

Rates Of Publication Of Fcps Dissertations In International And National Peer-Review Journals Among Residents At Akuh; A Cross Sectional Review Of 15 Years, Ainulakbar Mughal, Syed Akbar Abbas, Abdul Basit Shah Vardag, Muhammad Wasif, Soubia Akhtar, Ayesha Abbasi

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Objective: To see the rate of publication of postgraduate residents' dissertation.
Methods: The single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised research publications from the residents of the departments of Surgery and Medicine who graduated between 2005 and 2020. The surgical subspecialties included Otolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Plastic Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery. Data comprised demographics, current institution, current designation, information on dissertation/paper publication, topic of study, year of completion of dissertation, input from the research department, delay in exam due to incomplete dissertation and whether the paper got …

Global Health Research Funding Applications: Brain Drain Under Another Name?, Abebe Bekele, Lucia D'Ambruoso, Justine I. Davies, Eduardo Ferriolli, Carolyn Greig, Semira Manaseki Holland, Denis Regnier, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Nationwide Virtual Research Education Program For Medical Students In Pakistan: Methodological Framework, Feasibility Testing, And Outcomes, Ali Aahil Noorali, Maha Inam, Hamna Shahbaz, Hareem Rauf, Faiqa Binte Aamir, Farah Khalid, Saadia Abbas, Abdullah Saeed, Muhammad Daniyal Musharraf, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Babar Hasan, Muneera A. Rasheed, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Tariq, Adil Hussain Haider

Medical College Documents

Introduction: Equipping young medical trainees with fundamental research skills can be a promising strategy to address the need for professionals who can understand and responsibly communicate evolving scientific evidence during a pandemic. Despite an ardent interest to partake in research, most educational institutions in Pakistan and other low-middle income countries have not yet adopted a comprehensive strategy for research skills education. The authors aimed to design and assess the feasibility of implementing the first nation-wide virtual research workshop for medical students in Pakistan.
Methods: The course "Beginners Guide to Research," designed as a nation-wide virtual research workshop series, was conducted …

The Engagement Of Informal Social Organisations In Social Security Mobilisation In Tanzania, Nyagwegwe Wango, Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba, Colman T. Msoka, Wilbard Kombe

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Formal social security is helpful to the general population, especially during a post-retirement time and when they have been affected in ways that make them unable to work due to medical or physical conditions. About 95 per cent of the people working in the informal economy are not members of the social National Social Security Fund (NSSF). Some of them have formulated social organisations that are offering informal social services. The central argument of this paper is that can we use these informally arranged social security organisations can be used by the relevant authorities to mobilise people to join formal …

Perceived Usefulness Of Contraceptives Among Married Individuals In Rorya District, Nyagwegwe Wango, Denna Michael, Namanya Basinda

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

The increasing use of contraception methods worldwide has allowed couples to choose the number and spacing of their children. Despite impressive achievements, contraceptive use remains low while the need for contraception is high in some of the world's poorest and most populous places. Little is known about the factors contributing to the low utilisation of contraceptives in the Rorya district, particularly among married individuals where the prevalence of contraceptive use was only 28%. A qualitative design was used for six focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews conducted with married individuals to understand the perception of the use of contraceptives …

Climate Change And Environmental Sustainability Module: Activity Booklet, Fozia Parveen, Sara Hassan, Subhan Khan

Books

Dear readers (teachers, parents, and students), Thank you for accessing our activity booklet. The information booklet introduced concepts relating to climate change and environmental sustainability. In this booklet several cross cutting activities on various themes have been presented. The booklet contains ready-made activities containing but not limited to comic strips, experiments, conversations, writing, simple tag, cut and paste as well as research activities. We hope you enjoy, adapt and implement these activities in your community.

Assessing Teachers’ Pedagogical Practices And Students’ Learning Outcomes In Science And Mathematics Across Primary And Secondary School Level: A Nationwide Study (2018-21), Sadia Muzaffar Bhutta, Nusrat Fatima Rizvi

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

Extended Generalized Logistic Distributions Based On Beta Distributions And Their Generalizations, Howard Omukami, Patrick Weke, Joseph Ottieno

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

We derive the extended generalized logistic type IV distribution using beta 1 and beta 2 distributions along with generalized three parameter and four parameter beta distributions.