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- Psychotherapy (5)
- Counseling (4)
- Ethics & Legal issues in Mental Health (4)
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology - Adult (3)
- Supervision (3)
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- Cross-cultural counseling (2)
- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (1)
- Biracial (1)
- Client Attitudes (1)
- Client Characteristics (1)
- Client perceptions (1)
- Client responsibility (1)
- Client suicide (1)
- Color-blind racial attitudes (1)
- Consensual qualitative research (1)
- Counseling psychology (1)
- Counseling relationship (1)
- Counselor attributions (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Development (1)
- Empathy (1)
- Enabling clients (1)
- European American therapists (1)
- Female (1)
- Gifts (1)
- Helping skills (1)
- Intern development (1)
- Internship training (1)
- Journaling (1)
Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Education
Processing The Therapeutic Relationship, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox
Processing The Therapeutic Relationship, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The authors propose that if therapists and clients process their therapeutic relationship (i.e., directly address in the here and now feelings about each other and about the inevitable problems that emerge in the therapy relationship), feelings will be expressed and accepted, problems will be resolved, the relationship will be enhanced, and clients will transfer their learning to other relationships outside of therapy. The authors review theories supporting the idea of processing the therapeutic relationship, discuss the relevant empirical literature in this area, and provide their conceptualization of the construct of processing the therapeutic relationship based on the theory and empirical …
Supervisors' Reports Of The Effects Of Supervisor Self-Disclosure On Supervisees, Sarah Knox, Alan Burkard, Lisa Edwards, Jacquelyn J. Smith, Lewis Z. Schlosser
Supervisors' Reports Of The Effects Of Supervisor Self-Disclosure On Supervisees, Sarah Knox, Alan Burkard, Lisa Edwards, Jacquelyn J. Smith, Lewis Z. Schlosser
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Using consensual qualitative research, researchers interviewed 16 supervisors regarding their use of self-disclosure in supervision. Supervisors reported that their prior training in supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD) came via didactic sources and encouraged judicious use of SRSD. Supervisors used SRSD to enhance supervisee development and normalize their experiences; supervisors did not use SRSD when it derailed supervision or was developmentally inappropriate for supervisees. In describing specific examples of the intervention, SRSD occurred in good supervision relationships, was stimulated by supervisees struggling, was intended to teach or normalize, and focused on supervisors' reactions to their own or their supervisees' clients. SRSD yielded largely …
Predoctoral Interns' Nondisclosure In Supervision, Shirley A. Hess, Sarah Knox, Jill M. Schultz, Clara E. Hill, Lea Sloan, Susan Brandt, Frances Kelley, Mary Ann Hoffman
Predoctoral Interns' Nondisclosure In Supervision, Shirley A. Hess, Sarah Knox, Jill M. Schultz, Clara E. Hill, Lea Sloan, Susan Brandt, Frances Kelley, Mary Ann Hoffman
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
In interviews with 14 counseling center predoctoral interns regarding a significant nondisclosure in supervision, eight interns reported good supervisory relationships and six indicated that they experienced problematic supervisory relationships. Nondisclosures for the interns in good supervisory relationships related to personal reactions to clients, whereas nondisclosures for interns in problematic supervisory relationships related to global dissatisfaction with the supervisory relationship. In both groups, interns mentioned concerns about evaluation and negative feelings as typical reasons for nondisclosure. Additional reasons for nondisclosure for interns in problematic supervision were power dynamics, inhibiting demographic or cultural variables, and the supervisor's theoretical orientation. Both groups described …
Working With Multiracial Clients In Therapy: Bridging Theory, Research, And Practice, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa Edwards, Shane J. Lopez
Working With Multiracial Clients In Therapy: Bridging Theory, Research, And Practice, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa Edwards, Shane J. Lopez
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The growing multiracial population has resulted in a need for professional psychologists to become knowledgeable about unique identity issues that may influence therapy with multiracial clients. The overarching goal of this article is to provide clinicians with current theory and research, as well as particular therapeutic strategies that will be useful in their work with multiracial clients. Specifically, this article (a) provides a brief review of some prevalent models of multiracial identity; (b) discusses several common themes derived from theory and research about multiracial identity, which should be taken into account when working with this population; and (c) offers some …
Gifts In Psychotherapy: Practice Review And Recommendations, Sarah Knox
Gifts In Psychotherapy: Practice Review And Recommendations, Sarah Knox
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The presentation of gifts in psychotherapy, whether to or from the therapist, does not happen frequently, but its occurrence may nevertheless be quite provocative. This practice review summarizes theoretical and clinical perspectives regarding gifts in therapy, reviews the minimal extant literature on this topic, and offers recommendations for practice and research.
Case Studies Of The Attainment Of Insight In Dream Sessions: Replication And Extension, Sarah Knox, Clara E. Hill, Shirley A. Hess, Rachel E. Crook-Lyon
Case Studies Of The Attainment Of Insight In Dream Sessions: Replication And Extension, Sarah Knox, Clara E. Hill, Shirley A. Hess, Rachel E. Crook-Lyon
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
To replicate and extend the Hill, Knox, et al. (2007) case study of a client who attained insight in one session of dream work, the authors examined two additional single-session cases: one in which a client gained insight and another in which a client did not. The observations across all three cases suggest that the two clients who acquired insight had positive attitudes toward dreams; were motivated and involved in session; and were nonresistant, trusting, and affectively present but not overwhelmed. The client who did not gain insight questioned the value of dreams and was resistant, untrusting, and emotionally overwhelmed. …
Becoming Psychotherapists: Experiences Of Novice Trainees In A Beginning Graduate Class, Clara E. Hill, Catherine Sullivan, Sarah Knox, Lewis Z. Schlosser
Becoming Psychotherapists: Experiences Of Novice Trainees In A Beginning Graduate Class, Clara E. Hill, Catherine Sullivan, Sarah Knox, Lewis Z. Schlosser
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The authors investigated the experiences related to becoming psychotherapists for 5 counseling psychology doctoral trainees in their first prepracticum course. Qualitative analyses of weekly journals indicated that trainees discussed challenges related to becoming psychotherapists (e.g., being self-critical, having troubling reactions to clients, learning to use helping skills), gains made during the semester related to becoming psychotherapists (e.g., using helping skills more effectively, becoming less self-critical, being able to connect with clients), as well as experiences in supervision and activities that helped them cope with their anxieties. Results are discussed in 5 broad areas: feelings about self in role of psychotherapist, …
Pilot Study Of Psychopathology Among Roman Catholic Secular Clergy, Sarah Knox, Stephen G. Virginia, Jacquelyn Smith
Pilot Study Of Psychopathology Among Roman Catholic Secular Clergy, Sarah Knox, Stephen G. Virginia, Jacquelyn Smith
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
This pilot study gathered information regarding overall levels of psychopathology in a nationally selected, random sample of U.S. Roman Catholic secular (i.e., diocesan) priests using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 2004). The study yielded a response rate of 45%. One-half of the participants reported marked psychological problems, with interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and depression most strongly correlated with the instrument’s overall index of psychopathology. Four dimensional scales were elevated (i.e., obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism), as were two indices (i.e., GSI, PST). Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Therapists-In-Training Who Experience A Client Suicide: Implications For Supervision, Sarah Knox, Alan Burkard, Julie A. Jackson, April M. Schaack, Shirley A. Hess
Therapists-In-Training Who Experience A Client Suicide: Implications For Supervision, Sarah Knox, Alan Burkard, Julie A. Jackson, April M. Schaack, Shirley A. Hess
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Client suicide is often an extraordinarily painful process for clinicians, especially those still in training. Given their training status, supervisees may look to their graduate programs and supervisors for guidance and support when such an event occurs. This study qualitatively examined the experiences of 13 prelicensure doctoral supervisees regarding their client's suicide. Findings suggest that these supervisees received minimal graduate training about suicide and that support from others, including supervisors, helped them cope with their client's death. Supervisors are advised to normalize and process supervisees' experiences of client suicide. Implications for training and practice are discussed.
Teaching Graduate Trainees How To Manage Client Anger: A Comparison Of Three Types Of Training, Shirley A. Hess, Sarah Knox, Clara E. Hill
Teaching Graduate Trainees How To Manage Client Anger: A Comparison Of Three Types Of Training, Shirley A. Hess, Sarah Knox, Clara E. Hill
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The authors examined the effects of three types of training (supervisor-facilitated training, self-training, biblio-training) on 62 graduate student therapists' state anxiety, self-efficacy for dealing with anger, and helping skills (i.e., reflections and immediacy) in response to videotaped vignettes of angry clients. Training overall was rated as very helpful, and trainees increased in self-efficacy for working with client anger. Supervisor-facilitated training was rated as more helpful than, and was preferred to, self-training and biblio-training; it also led to more reflection of feelings in response to clients. Results suggest that vignettes such as these might be a helpful adjunct to training once …
European American Therapist Self-Disclosure In Cross-Cultural Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox, Michael Groen, Maria Perez, Shirley Hess
European American Therapist Self-Disclosure In Cross-Cultural Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox, Michael Groen, Maria Perez, Shirley Hess
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Eleven European American psychotherapists' use of self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling was studied using consensual qualitative research. As reasons for self-disclosing, therapists reported the intent to enhance the counseling relationship, acknowledge the role of racism/oppression in clients' lives, and acknowledge their own racist/oppressive attitudes. Results indicated that therapists typically shared their reactions to clients' experiences of racism or oppression and that these self-disclosures typically had positive effects in therapy, often improving the counseling relationship by helping clients feel understood and enabling clients to advance to other important issues.
Intern Self-Care: An Exploratory Study Into Strategy Use And Effectiveness, Joseph A. Turner, Lisa Edwards, Iverson M. Eicken, Kayoko Yokoyama, Jennifer R. Castro, Amber Ngoc-Thuy Tran, Kristee L. Haggins
Intern Self-Care: An Exploratory Study Into Strategy Use And Effectiveness, Joseph A. Turner, Lisa Edwards, Iverson M. Eicken, Kayoko Yokoyama, Jennifer R. Castro, Amber Ngoc-Thuy Tran, Kristee L. Haggins
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
In this exploratory study, 363 interns were surveyed to assess the frequency of use and effectiveness of self-care strategies used during the internship year. Among the most frequently used strategies were family and friend social support, active problem solving, and humor. The most effective strategies were family and friend social support, seeking pleasurable experiences, and humor. A strong positive relationship was found between total scores for Frequency and Effectiveness subscales, and women reported significantly more use and effectiveness of strategies. Recommendations and resources are provided for interns and internship sites that seek to further understand and encourage intern self-care.
Addressing Religion And Spirituality In Psychotherapy: Clients' Perspectives, Sarah Knox, Lynn A. Catlin, Margaret Casper, Lewis Z. Schlosser
Addressing Religion And Spirituality In Psychotherapy: Clients' Perspectives, Sarah Knox, Lynn A. Catlin, Margaret Casper, Lewis Z. Schlosser
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Twelve adult clients described the role of religion and spirituality in their lives and in therapy as a whole, as well as their specific experiences of discussing religious-spiritual topics in individual outpatient psychotherapy with nonreligiously affiliated therapists. Data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997). Results indicated that clients were regularly involved in religious-spiritual activities, usually did not know the religious-spiritual orientation of their therapists, but often found them open to such discussions. Specific helpful discussions of religion-spirituality were often begun by clients in the 1st year of therapy, were related to clients' presenting concerns, …
Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox, Barbara J. Thompson, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Shirley A. Hess, Nicholas Ladany
Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox, Barbara J. Thompson, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Shirley A. Hess, Nicholas Ladany
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
The authors reviewed the application of consensual qualitative research (CQR) in 27 studies published since the method’s introduction to the field in 1997 by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997). After first describing the core components and the philosophical underpinnings of CQR, the authors examined how it has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up the results and discussion sections of articles. On the basis of problems that have arisen in each of these areas, the authors made recommendations for modifications of the method. …
Effect Of Therapist Color-Blindness On Empathy And Attributions In Cross-Cultural Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox
Effect Of Therapist Color-Blindness On Empathy And Attributions In Cross-Cultural Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Empathy and attributions of client responsibility for the cause of and solution to a problem were examined for 247 psychologists who were identified as having low, moderate, and high color-blind racial attitudes. Participants responded to 1 of 4 vignettes that controlled for client race (i.e., African American, European American) and client attributions regarding the cause (i.e., depression, discrimination) of a problem. Analyses revealed that the therapists’ level of color-blindness was directly related to their capacity for empathy and also to their attributions of responsibility for the solution to the problem with an African American client but not with a European …
Self-Disclosure, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox
Self-Disclosure, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
A review of the analog literature about therapist self-disclosure suggests that nonclients generally have positive perceptions of therapist self-disclosures. A review of the naturalistic psychotherapy literature indicates that therapist self-disclosure occurs infrequently, is used more often by humanistic-experiential than psychoanalytic therapists, is most often about professional background than about intimate personal details, is used for many different reasons, is used cautiously by therapists, and is helpful in the immediate process of therapy. Effects of therapist self-disclosure on the ultimate outcome of therapy are less clear. Limitations of the research (poor and inconsistent definitions and lack of a clinically appropriate methodology …
Clients' Internal Representations Of Their Therapists, Sarah Knox, Julie L. Goldberg, Susan S. Woodhouse, Clara E. Hill
Clients' Internal Representations Of Their Therapists, Sarah Knox, Julie L. Goldberg, Susan S. Woodhouse, Clara E. Hill
College of Education Faculty Research and Publications
Thirteen adults in long-term individual psychotherapy were interviewed regarding their internal representations (defined as bringing to awareness the internalized "image") of their therapists. Results indicated that in the context of a good therapeutic relationship, clients' internal representations combined auditory, visual, and kinesthetic (i.e., felt presence) modalities; were triggered when clients thought about past or future sessions, or when distressed; occurred in diverse locations; and varied in frequency, duration, and intensity. Clients felt positively about their representations and used them to introspect or influence therapy within sessions, beyond sessions, or both. The frequency of, comfort with, and use of clients' internal …