Education Commons^™

Bilingual Counseling Competencies: A Call To The Counseling Profession, Ivette Acevedo-Weatherholtz, Monique N. Rodríguez, Carlos D. Irizarry-Pérez

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The Latine population in the United States is increasing, leading to a higher need for bilingual counseling services. Therefore, counselor educators and supervisors must ensure bilingual counselors receive proper ethnocultural and linguistic competence training. This article aims to highlight the significance of bilingual counseling competencies in counselor education, emphasize the importance of linguistic training in cultural competence training, and propose a set of linguistic and ethnocultural competencies to help establish a proficient bilingual counselor. Additionally, future recommendations are discussed.

Experiences Of The Supervisory Alliance And Self-Compassion In Counseling And Psychotherapy Students, Alexandre Brien, Patricia Dionne, Réginald Savard, Cynthia Bilodeau

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This qualitative research examined the relationship between supervisory working alliance, self-compassion and reflexive self-awareness with students enrolled in a graduate-level counseling or counseling and psychotherapy program (n = 48). A thematic analysis using a Critical Incident Questionnaire was performed. The themes identified in this study indicate that both supervision alliance and self-compassion seemingly contribute positively to student supervisee learning experiences and to the development of their reflexive self-awareness. Moreover, the perceived learning achieved, and the development of reflexive self-awareness, reciprocally strengthened the supervisory alliance. Furthermore, the degree of supervisees’ self-compassion as well as their perceived supervisory alliances had an …

Multicultural And Social Justice Training In Doctoral Counseling Programs: A Phenomenological Study, Alexander Hilert, Natoya Haskins, Shuhui Fan, Charles Smith, Leila Warraich, David Gosling

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Multicultural and social justice are central values of the counseling profession. However, it is unclear how doctoral training advances counselor education students' multicultural and social justice competence and what deficits might exist. The researchers addressed this gap by conducting a phenomenological study of multicultural and social justice training experiences with ten doctoral counselor education students. The researchers identified three themes: limited multicultural integration, methods of compensation, and experiencing growth. The researchers also identified subthemes that explained how doctoral students prepared themselves to be multicultural and social justice competent through self-study, collaborative learning, and role-taking experiences despite often perceiving gaps in …

A Qualitative Case Study Of Supervisors Experiences Related To Distance-Based Supervision, Blake Sandusky, Kristine Ramsay-Seaner, Staci Born, Charlotte Heckmann, Ffion Davies

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The COVID-19 pandemic created a rush to provide counseling and supervision services via distance-based technology. This study was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it offers some insight into the process of providing distance-based supervision (DBS) to mental health trainees and professionals. Utilizing a multiple case study design, 10 counseling supervisors who had experience providing DBS were interviewed to understand their experiences. Five themes emerged from the data including reasons for providing DBS, benefits and challenges to DBS, and a desire for change to current training structures. Implications for supervision and suggestions for future research are provided.

Burnout, Self-Care, And Supervision In Middle School Counselors, Sarah L. Evans Zalewski

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examines middle school counselor supervision types in relation to burnout and self-care scores. The impact of supervision via technology on self-care and burnout scores was considered. This study found that school counselors who received both administrative and clinical supervision fared better on the incompetence domain of burnout, that self-care was inversely proportional to burnout, and that receiving supervision via technological means had no impact on either burnout or self-care.

Helping Beginning Supervisors Reduce Barriers To Licensure: Ethical Roadblocks In Supervision, Sarah M. Blalock, Kathy Ybanez-Llorente, Molly K. Morman

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Ethical and competent supervision are critical to successful entry into the profession for counselors in training and newly licensed counselors. New supervisors should be mindful of the mistakes even well-intentioned supervisors can make that jeopardize the licensure process, or worse, the well-being of clients. Lack of attention to substantial supervision paperwork requirements can cost supervisees long delays in licensure, and call into question a supervisor’s reputation as a competent and ethical professional. The purpose of this article is to help inform beginning supervisors on how to use ethical guidelines to avoid some of the most common supervision pitfalls, including multiple …

Introduction To The Interpersonal Discrimination Model Applied To Clinical Supervision: A Relational Approach For Novice Counselors, Rachel J. Brejcha

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This manuscript explores the theory development of a new clinical supervision model called the Interpersonal Discrimination Model (IPDM). The IPDM combines the structure of the Discrimination Model of supervision (Bernard, 1979) with Interpersonal Theory tenets developed by Harry Sullivan (1968) to create a holistic, integrated approach to clinical supervision. The IPDM’s foundation is based on the supervisory working alliance, which has been continuously found to contribute to supervisee satisfaction, an increase in counselor self-efficacy and a positive therapeutic working alliance (Park et al., 2019). The IPDM has three main applications-interpersonal process recall, the parallel process, countertransference-that are applied in clinical …

Parallel Process Of Professional Identity Development During Clinical Supervision, Nancy E. Thacker, Joel F. Diambra

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors-in-training (CITs) and counselor educators-in-training (CEITs) have a similar need to develop professional identities that are genuine to self and congruent with the counseling and counselor education professions. As CITs and CEITs enter their respective professional roles, they experience a parallel process of professional identity development (PID). This parallel process can be used as a tool to promote PID during clinical supervision. The authors will explore the PID processes of CITs and CEITs, consider their mutual influence on each other’s growth in clinical supervision, and provide a case study application with suggestions for supervision practice that fosters mutual PID.

School Counselors-In-Training Career Counseling Preparation Assignment, Carleton H. Brown

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Career counseling is an important skill to attain in training to become a school counselor; however, research has shown that school counselors-in-training need more preparation in terms of career counseling. The author describes an optional career counseling assignment added to a 300-hour school-counseling practicum course provided to 14 students in a southern region university school counseling program. Ten students chose to participate in the assignment and provided pre and post feedback of their experience. Student feedback and practical implications are discussed.

Shaping Supervisory Working Alliance From A Distance, Tawny Chamberlain, Carol Smith

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

As technology advances, more counselor education programs are implementing options for students to complete clinical experiences at a distance from campus which requires distant supervision. Although distance supervision has the benefit of flexibility, it also has challenges such as building rapport and establishing effective communication. Supervisors would benefit from understanding the influence of delivery method on supervisory working alliance in order to monitor supervisee growth and development.This article explores the influence of supervision delivery method on supervisory working alliance. Recommendations for future research and counselor education supervisory practice are provided.

Trust Development In The Supervisory Working Alliance, Morgan E Kiper Riechel, Wesley Webber, Ki B. Chae, Pamela Jo Kayanan, Deneen Miller, Derek Robertson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This qualitative study examined the development of trust in the supervisory relationship between doctoral-level student supervisors and masters-level students. Using phenomenological research methodology to analyze data obtained from 10 interviews with masters-level practicum students, six themes emerged: (1) Focus, (2) Investment, (3) Safety, (4) Honesty, (5) Expertise, and (6) Evaluation.

Cognitive Complexity In Counseling And Counselor Education: A Systematic And Critical Review, Jaime H. Castillo

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Cognitive complexity has found a small yet established niche in the counseling and counselor education literature over the last 40 years. This body of research has highlighted how individuals with high cognitive complexity have greater consistency in empathy, show more varied responses to clients, demonstrate greater toleration of ambiguity, and show higher frequencies of unbiased clinical judgements towards clients. This article provides a systematic and critical review of the cognitive complexity literature and discusses future implications of cultivating cognitive complexity in emerging and professional counselors and supervisors.

Remedial Interventions Used With Students Enrolled In Counseling Graduate Programs, Kathryn L. Henderson, Roxane L. Dufrene

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

An exploratory qualitative content analysis was completed on documentation submitted from 12 CACREP counseling programs regarding student remediation. The analysis focused on remedial interventions used with students that resulted in four main themes and eight subthemes: (a) personal counseling; (b) courses (subthemes: clinical courses, related to clinical courses, and didactic courses); (c) assignments (subthemes: workshops, readings, and written assignments); and (d) remediation procedures (subthemes: meetings with faculty, and status in program).

Clinical Supervisors' Knowledge Of Supervisees With Problems Of Professional Competency, Maribeth Jorgensen, Kathleen Brown-Rice, Seth D. Olson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

In this exploratory study, the authors surveyed clinical supervisors (n = 138) regarding their knowledge of their supervisees’ problems of professional competency (PPC). Findings suggest the majority have observed a supervisee with PPC working towards licensure. Further, those that have supervised a supervisee with PPC have been negatively impacted by these interactions (e.g., increased their workload, increased their stress).

A Journey Toward Feminist Supervision: A Dual Autoethnographic Inquiry, Melissa J. Fickling, Jodi L. Tangen

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The purpose of this study was to explore our development as new supervisors learning to apply feminist supervision principles. Autoethnography was used to analyze author histories and learning processes over the course of one academic semester. Using personal narratives and critical reflections, we investigated our work of supervising beginning-level supervisees from a feminist perspective, and embodying our developing feminist supervisor skills and identities. Our inquiry was informed by our encounters with supervisees, supervisors, and each other. Basic definitions of supervision and feminist supervision frame the study, and results are shared in light of current research and theory.

Student Perceptions Of Online Video Cases To Promote Helping Skills Training, Chris Mccarthy, Karen French

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Video case based learning was integrated with multimodal online learning to facilitate helping skills training for graduate students. Five online cases were utilized before students participated in classroom-based role-plays and live practice. Students’ reactions to the activity were positive, and recommendations for counselor training are described.

Social Class Bias: A Phenomenological Study, Jennifer M. Cook

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Nine licensed professional counselors participated in semi-structured interviews about social class and socioeconomic status, including their experiences with classism. Phenomenological analysis revealed both participant classism experiences and use of language that expressed social class bias. Implications and recommendations for future research for counselor educators and supervisors are provided.

When Values Blur The Lines: Navigating An Ethical Dilemma In School Counseling, Sarah I. Springer

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

School counselors regularly face ethical dilemmas that surround child protection and the navigation of home and school communication. Many of these issues are impacted by the school counselors’ abilities to acknowledge their own personal values while balancing ethical obligations and administrative boundaries. The following case highlights an untenured school counselor’s inner thought processes as she manages an ethical dilemma involving allegations of child abuse. This article discusses ethical decision-making and recommends advocacy for further discussion in counselor preparation programs around clinical supervision and consultation.

Introduction To The Special Issue On School Counselor Preparation And Supervision, Michael D. Hannon, Cassandra (Cassie) Storlie

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Differences In Perceptions Of Supervisee Contribution: Supervisors’ Vs. Supervisees’ Evaluations, Marcella D. Stark, Kelly Greggerson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Supervisees’ behaviors contribute to or detract from effective supervision. The purpose of this study was to compare supervisors’ evaluations of supervisee contribution behaviors with that of supervisees’ self-assessments using the Adapted Supervisee Utilization Rating Form (SURF). Statistically significant differences in the ratings indicate that supervisors perceive their supervisees as more proactive and open than supervisees perceive themselves. To create a milieu in which supervisees feel safe enough to share their work with supervisors and encourage supervisees to take initiative in their own learning, the researchers make the following recommendations: (1) following ACES best practices for monitoring and assessing supervisees, (2) …

Pre-Tenured Counselor Educators Engagement In Direct Counseling Service: Results Of A National Survey, Renae D. Reljic, Charles Vance Lindsey, Jake J. Protivnak

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

One hundred and fifty pre-tenured counselor education assistant professors participated in a survey regarding their engagement of direct counseling service (DCS). Both quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed. Participants reported significant restrictions on time and a lack of departmental support for DCS and a perception that DCS will not be valued within the tenure processes. However, the majority of pre-tenured faculty desired to engage in more DCS to maintain skills and enhance their teaching and scholarship. Data regarding the participation of DCS by pre-tenured faculty, and implications for counselor educators are shared.

Rape Myth Acceptance: Implications For Counselor Education Programs, Kristin D. Kushmider, Jennifer E. Beebe, Linda L. Black

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Abstract

A sexually violent act or rape is committed every 1.9 minutes in the United States (USDJ, 2009, p.1). Blaming the rape victim for their perceived complicity is one component of the construct known as rape myth, a term identified by Burt (1980). This study explored and examined the perceptions, and understanding of sexual violence, rape, and rape myths by master’s level counselors-in-training (n=5). Phenomenology and naturalistic inquiry guided the qualitative design and implementation. Suggestions for implementing rape education and training into counseling curriculums and clinical supervision are provided.

Keywords: rape myth, counselors-in-training, phenomenology

Lessons From Triadic Supervisors: Maximizing Effectiveness, Andrew Felton, Michael Morgan, Mary Alice Bruce

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Through this hermeneutic-phenomenological qualitative study, 10 supervisors of a CACREP accredited program identified emergent themes and challenges of triadic supervision: relationship dynamics, feedback, time management, contextual learning, and matching of supervisees. The researchers offer specific methods to approach these challenges within triadic supervision to maximize effectiveness.

Developmental Level As A Predictor Of Counseling Skills, Margaret J. Jensen, Garrett J. Mcauliffe, Renee Seay

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

What is the relationship between the developmental characteristics of counseling interns and their counseling skills? Thirty master’s-level counseling students in their fieldwork phase were rated by their supervisors on both a measure of developmental level and counseling skills. Results indicated that the construct of Self/Other Awareness was the strongest predictor of counseling skills level. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that counselor supervisees possessing this awareness appear better equipped to deal with the complex problem-solving and social interactions required for successfully counseling clients.

Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor well-being is an important contributor to the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship. This study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness in a sample (N = 100) of graduate students enrolled in two online counselor training programs. The issue of personal counseling was also addressed in this study. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness.

The Journal Of Counselor Preparation And Supervision Volume 6 Issue 2 Fall 2014, Edina Renfro-Michel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Integrating Continuous Client Feedback Into Counselor Education, Christopher D. Schmidt

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Researchers show that the integration of continuous client feedback mechanisms provides many benefits to treatment including enhanced effectiveness and a reduction in early terminations. Although practitioners in the field are increasing their use of this evidence-based practice, counselor educators may not be promoting it. The author suggests that as counselor educators introduce evidence-based practices to their students, they should examine the potential benefits of teaching and practicing continuous client feedback. The article provides both the reasoning behind and recommendations for integrating continuous client feedback into the curriculum of counseling programs

Students' Experiences With Bilingual Counseling, Heather Trepal, Nathaniel Ivers, Anna Lopez

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Multilingual diversity is increasing in the United States. In response, more counselors are providing bilingual counseling services. However, little is known about their experiences. This qualitative, phenomenological study examined six mental health counseling students' experiences with providing counseling services in a second language. Analyses revealed that, although unintentional, these students found their experience with bilingual counseling both challenging and connecting. Implications for counselor educators and supervisors are discussed.

Preplanning For Feedback In Clinical Supervision: Enhancing Readiness For Feedback Exchange, Diana Hulse, Tracey Robert

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article makes the case for preplanning for feedback in clinical supervision. Preplanning for feedback can help supervisors maximize the positive benefits of feedback delivery by building and solidifying a supportive supervisory climate that enhances supervisee receptivity to corrective feedback. The Corrective Feedback Instrument-Revised (CFI-R) is introduced as a major tool to facilitate preplanning. Additional resources that derive from the CFI-R are presented to assist supervisors in the preplanning process.

Reasons For Ethical Misconduct Of Counseling Students: What Do Faculty Think?, David Burkholder, Jessica Burkholder

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The ethics training of students in the helping professions has been a frequent topic in the literature, yet students still commit ethics violations (Li, Lampe, Trusty, & Lin, 2009). No known research has examined the attributions faculty give for student ethics violations. This qualitative study used a conceptual framework of attribution theory and explored faculty attributions of counseling master’s students’ ethical misconduct. Emergent themes were grouped across two broad domains, attribution themes and prevention themes. Attribution themes include: (a) the person, (b) educational factors, and (d) performance. Prevention themes include (a) education and training, (b) gatekeeping and screening, (c) monitoring, …