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Full-Text Articles in Education
Age-Related Changes In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization: A Review, Maxwell T. Aiken, Sabrina S. Salvatore, Kyle N. Zelenski, Ryan K. Perkins
Age-Related Changes In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization: A Review, Maxwell T. Aiken, Sabrina S. Salvatore, Kyle N. Zelenski, Ryan K. Perkins
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems are intrinsically interconnected, sharing the goal of delivering oxygen to metabolically active tissue. Deficiencies within those systems that affect oxygen delivery to working tissues are a hallmark of advancing age. Oxygen delivery and utilization are reflected as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and may be assessed using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS). PURPOSE: This review is intended to provide an update on the current state of literature regarding age-related effects on SmO2. Furthermore, we attempt to bridge the gap between SmO2 and associated underlying mechanisms affected by aging. FINDINGS: SmO …
Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Circulating Stlr And Srage Profiles In Normoglycemic And Insulin-Resistant Individuals, Ryan K. Perkins
Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Circulating Stlr And Srage Profiles In Normoglycemic And Insulin-Resistant Individuals, Ryan K. Perkins
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Impaired blood glucose regulation as a consequence of insulin resistance is linked to development of many clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, and skeletal muscle wasting via inflammatory processes. Recent evidence suggests circulating solubilized Toll-Like Receptor (sTLR) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) originate from skeletal muscle and are related to glucose management and inflammation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to explore 1) relationships among sTLR and sRAGE profiles and indices of metabolic health and 2) sTLR and sRAGE responses to an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) in normoglycemic (NG) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. We hypothesized …
Impact Of Load Carriage On Metabolic Efficiency, Tyson Ngatikaura, Shane Draper, Lily Poulton, Ally Sipple, Tyler Standifird, Andrew Creer
Impact Of Load Carriage On Metabolic Efficiency, Tyson Ngatikaura, Shane Draper, Lily Poulton, Ally Sipple, Tyler Standifird, Andrew Creer
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Load carriage is a crucial detail of long-distance running, especially when it comes to ultra-marathon distances (>26.2 miles). Longer distances require larger loads to carry fluids and nutrition to maintain performance during these events. Running packs fitted close to the torso are the most popular methods for carrying 1-3 L of fluid, additional food, and gear; however, little is known to what extent load mass may impact running performance. PURPOSE: To identify at which point relative load mass (% of body mass) begins to negatively impact submaximal metabolic efficiency. METHODS: To date, 7 active runners (≥3 days/week, ≥16.09 km/week …
The Effects Of Alternate Day Modified Fasting On Diet And Weight Loss: A Pilot Study, Dallin Kemp, Bruce Bailey, Landon Deru, Andrew Stevens
The Effects Of Alternate Day Modified Fasting On Diet And Weight Loss: A Pilot Study, Dallin Kemp, Bruce Bailey, Landon Deru, Andrew Stevens
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Alternate day fasting has been shown to be an effective strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health but adherence is challenging. Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) is an alternative approach that allows for a meal (~25% of calories) to be consumed on the fast day to help make the fasting protocol more sustainable. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a 14-day alternate day modified fast on energy intake, macronutrient composition and body composition. METHODS: Forty two participants (24 male/18 female) completed 3 days of baseline testing followed by a 14-day treatment period where …
The Effects Of Alternate-Day Fasting On Sleep In Poor Sleepers, Cameron G. Jacobsen
The Effects Of Alternate-Day Fasting On Sleep In Poor Sleepers, Cameron G. Jacobsen
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Alternate day modified fasting is an intermittent fasting approach that provides an effective strategy for weight loss. While research has shown alternate day modified fasting to be an affective weight loss strategy, less is known about its impact on sleep quality. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a 14-day alternate day modified fast on sleep patterns in participants who were classified as ‘poor sleepers.’ METHODS: Forty two participants (24 male/18 female) completed 3 days of baseline testing followed by a 14-day treatment period where they followed a modified alternate day fasting regimen that consisted …
The Relationship Between Resistance Exercise Induced Testosterone And Cortisol Responses And Steroid Receptor Phosphorylation, Borna Golbarg, Justin X. Nicoll, Stephanie A. Sontag, Eric M. Mosier, Andrew C. Fry
The Relationship Between Resistance Exercise Induced Testosterone And Cortisol Responses And Steroid Receptor Phosphorylation, Borna Golbarg, Justin X. Nicoll, Stephanie A. Sontag, Eric M. Mosier, Andrew C. Fry
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The precise contribution of hormones to resistance training adaptations remains unclear. Recently, resistance exercise (RE) has been shown to change phosphorylation of androgen (pAR) & glucocorticoid receptors (pGR). Examining the relationships between the hormonal responses & steroid receptor phosphorylation may elucidate the role of acute hormonal responses to training adaptations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between exercise-induced hormonal responses and pGR & pAR. METHODS: Resistance trained (RT) (n = 10; age = 21.3±1.7yrs, ht = 175.8±6.8cm, bodymass = 84.5±13.5kg) & untrained (UT) (n = 9; age = 20.8±3.1yrs, ht = 178.7±8.9cm, bodymass = …
Modeling The Oxidative Metabolic Breakdown Of Ethanol And Its Effects On The Cardiovascular System, Jessica F. Farfan, Allan Knox, Grady Hanrahan
Modeling The Oxidative Metabolic Breakdown Of Ethanol And Its Effects On The Cardiovascular System, Jessica F. Farfan, Allan Knox, Grady Hanrahan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Chronic ethanol consumption contributes to the global prevalence’s of cardiovascular disease by mechanisms involving an inflammatory response and consequent lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome p450 is a part of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and can utilize iron complexes and the reductant NADPH to catalyze the breakdown of acute/chronic ethanol consumption. However, efficacy of MEOS to prevent cardiovascular burden induced by ethanol consumption is not clear. PURPOSE: To demonstrate the response of the cardiovascular system in response to the oxidative metabolic breakdown of ethanol via MEOS. METHODS: An extensive literature search provided data to develop a mechanistic model of the metabolism …
Features Of A Mediterranean Diet And Mental Health Outcomes In College Students, Jessica Wisse, Gabriella Marchal, Claire Duisenberg, Hawley Almstedt
Features Of A Mediterranean Diet And Mental Health Outcomes In College Students, Jessica Wisse, Gabriella Marchal, Claire Duisenberg, Hawley Almstedt
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Up to 30% of college students are reported to suffer from depression or anxiety. Previous studies have produced correlations between nutritional variables and mental health outcomes in adults. Specifically, variables featured in the Mediterranean diet, including increased fiber, monounsaturated fat, omega-3 fatty acids, fruit and vegetable intake, and decreased added sugars have been associated with more favorable mental health outcomes. PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore relationships between specific variables included in the Mediterranean diet and mental health symptoms in college students. METHODS: To collect data on diets, participants were given three-day diet records to record food and beverage …
The Effects Of Resistance Training And Protein Supplementation On Bone Mineral Density In Untrained Women, Jessica Smith
The Effects Of Resistance Training And Protein Supplementation On Bone Mineral Density In Untrained Women, Jessica Smith
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Peak bone mass has been found to plateau at approximately 30 years of age; therefore, is it important to develop a higher peak bone mass early in life. Resistance exercise has been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) based on a great enough strain and mechanical load to promote bone formation. Resistance exercise is known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, which can thereby raise individual protein needs above the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Resistance training (RT) combined with a protein intake above the RDA (> 0.8 g/kg/day) may be superior in promoting greater changes in BMD compared to RT …
Effects Of Co-Ingesting Dietary Nitrate And Vitamin C On Nitric Oxide Bioavailability, Blood Pressure, And Cardiovascular Reactivity In Hispanic Females, Joanna Powell, Katherine M. Price, Isabella G. Lincoln, Keonabelle P. Paniagua, Sean T. Karl, Julie Ahn, Noelle G. Seekamp-Hicks, Lauren Wideen, Joshua Park, Rachel Tan
Effects Of Co-Ingesting Dietary Nitrate And Vitamin C On Nitric Oxide Bioavailability, Blood Pressure, And Cardiovascular Reactivity In Hispanic Females, Joanna Powell, Katherine M. Price, Isabella G. Lincoln, Keonabelle P. Paniagua, Sean T. Karl, Julie Ahn, Noelle G. Seekamp-Hicks, Lauren Wideen, Joshua Park, Rachel Tan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
High blood pressure is a hallmark of chronic disease and is disproportionately prevalent in ethnic minorities. Dietary nitrate has been shown to lower blood pressure via increased nitric oxide (NO), but few studies have examined if combining nitrate with vitamin C (VITC) could have beneficial synergistic effects on blood pressure by augmenting NO, and limited data exist in females. PURPOSE: To investigate if combining nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) with VITC could further augment NO bioavailability and improve blood pressure in Hispanic females compared to BR and VITC ingested alone. METHODS: Eight sedentary Hispanic females participated in four conditions …
Time Course Evaluation Of Mapk Phosphorylation To Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Justin X. Nicoll, Christopher J. Lee
Time Course Evaluation Of Mapk Phosphorylation To Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Justin X. Nicoll, Christopher J. Lee
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) are intramuscular cell signaling proteins that regulate adaptations to resistance exercise (RE). The MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p90RSK, and p38-MAPK increase during and after RE. Despite the well-known increase in post-RE phosphorylation responses of MAPK, the time-course and pattern of their activation remains unclear and poorly described. The ability to clearly define phosphorylation patterns during recovery are limited due to the variety of RE protocols implemented and populations tested when investigating MPAK responses to RE. PURPOSE: To systematically review literature on exercise-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38-MAPK, and …
The Effects Of Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion On Exercise And Cognitive Performance In Female Athletes, Isabella G. Lincoln, Courtney Merrill, Katherine M. Price, Sean T. Karl, Ryan T. Kenney, Alyssa A. Riley, Chandler F. Riley, Maya A. Hammer, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan
The Effects Of Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion On Exercise And Cognitive Performance In Female Athletes, Isabella G. Lincoln, Courtney Merrill, Katherine M. Price, Sean T. Karl, Ryan T. Kenney, Alyssa A. Riley, Chandler F. Riley, Maya A. Hammer, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Nitrate-rich beetroot juice can enhance intense exercise performance which is attributed to enhanced skeletal muscle contractility. However, limited data exist in females and it is unknown whether dietary nitrate has an ergogenic effect in this population. PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of acute nitrate ingestion on a battery of exercise performance and cognitive tests before and after fatiguing intermittent running exercise. METHODS: Fifteen female team-sport athletes were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR; 12 mmol of nitrate) and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.10 mmol of nitrate) 2.5 h prior to …
Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener
Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue remodeling to enhance metabolic health in response to exercise training remain inadequately understood. PURPOSE: We utilized mouse genetics and human GWAS to determine the impact of exercise training on mitochondrial DNA copy number, and interrogate the relationship between Esr1 and adipose tissue health. METHODS: We performed RNAseq on adipose tissue from 100 strains of inbred mice following exercise training and determined mitochondrial content by qPCR. We performed deep phenotyping of mice harboring conditional Esr1 overexpression selectively in adipose tissue. Adipose specific Esr1 overexpression and control mice were fed a high fat diet and …
Novel Energy Drink Improves Mood And Raises Blood Pressure, But Has No Effect On Cardiac Qtc Interval Or Rate-Pressure Product In Young Adult Gamers, Nathaniel Helwig, Laura Schwager, Emily Rogers, Nile Banks, Chris Lockwood, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins
Novel Energy Drink Improves Mood And Raises Blood Pressure, But Has No Effect On Cardiac Qtc Interval Or Rate-Pressure Product In Young Adult Gamers, Nathaniel Helwig, Laura Schwager, Emily Rogers, Nile Banks, Chris Lockwood, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Novel energy drink formulations have been introduced to the market that are purported to have nootropic effects – including improving mood. Despite their rapidly growing popularity, especially among video gamers, there is minimal evidence supporting their efficacy or establishing their cardiovascular safety profiles. PURPOSE: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effects of acute consumption of a non-caloric, novel energy drink (NED) containing 200 mg caffeine, citicoline, tyrosine, B-vitamins, and carboxylic acids on mood and cardiovascular safety outcomes. We hypothesized that NED would improve mood without significant adverse cardiovascular effects when compared to placebo. METHODS: Forty-five …
Effects Of 8-Week Ketogenic Diet On Anthropometrics, Body Composition, Metabolic Parameters, And Psychological Factors In Young Obese Population, Hayden G. West, Soon-Mi Choi, Frank B. Wyatt, Michael W. Olson
Effects Of 8-Week Ketogenic Diet On Anthropometrics, Body Composition, Metabolic Parameters, And Psychological Factors In Young Obese Population, Hayden G. West, Soon-Mi Choi, Frank B. Wyatt, Michael W. Olson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Obese have a significantly higher Body Mass Index (BMI), which can be associated with poor nutritional intake and sedentary lifestyles. The ketogenic diet is a form of a dietary intervention which is often implemented for metabolic syndrome individuals such as obese populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a ketogenic diet on anthropometrics, body composition, metabolic parameters, and psychological factors in young obese population. METHODS: Seven young obese participants (n=7, height (cm); 174.8 ± 10.9, weight (kg); 105 ± 20.7, BMI (kg∙m-2); 34.6 ± 4.8) completed an 8-week intervention with …
Impact Of Menstrual Phases On Stress Markers: A Pilot Study, Bailey C. Weishaar, Hunter S. Waldman, Kyle T. Patek, Matthew J. Mcallister
Impact Of Menstrual Phases On Stress Markers: A Pilot Study, Bailey C. Weishaar, Hunter S. Waldman, Kyle T. Patek, Matthew J. Mcallister
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
PURPOSE: Previous research has shown that different phases of the menstrual cycle may impact biometrics such as markers of stress and inflammation [e.g., cortisol (CORT), interleukin-6] as well as body composition. However, there is scarce literature regarding markers of stress and oxidative stress such as salivary a-amylase (sAA), immunoglobin-A (SIgA) and uric acid (UA), in relation to the four different menstrual phases. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of menstrual phases on sAA, CORT, UA and SIgA. METHODS: 21 pre-menopausal women with regular menstrual cycles (n=9) oral contraceptive users (OC) and ( …
Measurement Of Respiratory Exchange Ratio (Rer) With Oral Versus Oronasal Breathing After Sports Drink Mouth Rinse, Meeshti Shethia, Edward Merritt
Measurement Of Respiratory Exchange Ratio (Rer) With Oral Versus Oronasal Breathing After Sports Drink Mouth Rinse, Meeshti Shethia, Edward Merritt
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), is often used to determine the balance of carbohydrate and fat oxidation during exercise. However, introducing carbohydrates into the mouth and pharynx could possibly influence the value while not actually changing the whole-body metabolism. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a sports drink mouth rinse during steady-state (SS) exercise affects RER. METHODS: Eleven participants exercised at steady state in 4 different, randomized conditions while respiratory gases were analyzed: 1) Breathing through the mouth after water rinse; 2), breathing through the mouth …
The Effects Of Body Composition On Resting Metabolic Rate Among College Aged Students, Natalie A. Delgadillo, Frank Wyatt, Michael W. Olson, Soon-Mi Choi
The Effects Of Body Composition On Resting Metabolic Rate Among College Aged Students, Natalie A. Delgadillo, Frank Wyatt, Michael W. Olson, Soon-Mi Choi
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the measure of daily energy expenditure while the body is at rest. RMR is becoming more useful in order to measure the energy demands in both athletes and non-athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the RMR among college aged students, along with their body compositions in order to determine if there is a correlation between body fat percentage and RMR. METHODS: Participants in this study included 19 students at Midwestern State University between the ages of 19-25. (n = 19; female = 12; male = 7). Participants were asked prior …
Metabolic Flexibility In Healthy Hispanics In The Rio Grande Valley With And Without A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Jaime Rodriguez, Ryan D. Russell, Gabriel A. Figueroa, Alexandro Rodriguez, Smaran Marupudi, Yu Lun Tai, Sara Swathy, Jimmy Gonzales
Metabolic Flexibility In Healthy Hispanics In The Rio Grande Valley With And Without A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Jaime Rodriguez, Ryan D. Russell, Gabriel A. Figueroa, Alexandro Rodriguez, Smaran Marupudi, Yu Lun Tai, Sara Swathy, Jimmy Gonzales
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
ABSTRACT Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has several comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, elevated lipid profile, microvascular complications, and impaired metabolic flexibility (MF: the ability to switch substrate use upon stimulation). Further, healthy Caucasians with a family history of T2D (FH+) have impaired MF similar to T2D, suggesting impaired MF could be an early-detection tool to identify at-risk populations. Hispanics of the Rio Grande Valley have ~3x the T2D rates as the US average, and have ~79% of the people in this region are either overweight or obese. However, patterns of MF in this population have not been addressed. Purpose: The …
Athlete Perceptions Of Flavored, Menthol-Enhanced Energy Gels Ingested Prior To Running In The Heat, Roxanne M. Vogel, Christopher J. Stevens, Christian Swann, Megan L. Ross
Athlete Perceptions Of Flavored, Menthol-Enhanced Energy Gels Ingested Prior To Running In The Heat, Roxanne M. Vogel, Christopher J. Stevens, Christian Swann, Megan L. Ross
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Thermal perception during exercise is known to influence endurance performance and the onset of fatigue. L-menthol, an organic compound derived from peppermint, evokes a cooling sensation through its action on TRPM8 channels which also respond to cold stimuli. Recent work identified that the internal application of menthol-enhanced fluids can be ergogenic during exercise in the heat. Hence, the addition of menthol to energy gels may be practical and beneficial for athletes. PURPOSE: To determine athlete acceptability and preferences for flavored energy gels with different menthol concentrations. METHODS: With a randomized, crossover, and double-blind placebo-controlled design, 27 endurance athletes …