Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Education Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Educational Technology

2019

Journal

Institution
Keyword
Publication

Articles 1 - 30 of 51

Full-Text Articles in Education

Students' Learning Experiences With Lms Tes Teach In Flipped-Class Instruction, Zamzami Zainuddin, Hardika Dwi Hermawan, Febritesna Nuraini, Santo Mugi Prayitno Dec 2019

Students' Learning Experiences With Lms Tes Teach In Flipped-Class Instruction, Zamzami Zainuddin, Hardika Dwi Hermawan, Febritesna Nuraini, Santo Mugi Prayitno

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of implementing a Learning Management System (LMS) 'TES Teach' on students' learning experiences in a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) course with flipped-class instruction. For the data collection procedure, an individual interview with ten undergraduate students from an Indonesian college was conducted to demonstrate the potential impacts of the LMS in students' meaningful learning activities. The observation of students' learning activities on the LMS was also recorded to support the interview data. The LMS was adopted to distribute and receive information, thus, the students were able to monitor learning activities, learn …


Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek Untuk Siswa Kelas Xi Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Dengan Model Four-D, Angkati Permani, Priyanto Priyanto Dec 2019

Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek Untuk Siswa Kelas Xi Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Dengan Model Four-D, Angkati Permani, Priyanto Priyanto

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

This article aims to explain the feasibility of an electronic-based "Making Object Oriented Program with Class" learning module. This study uses an R&D (Research and Development) approach with the Four-D development model. The research population was Grade XI Software Engineering Students of SMK Negeri 1 Rembang Purbalingga. The results showed that each aspect included in the category was very feasible with the average score obtained in the aspect of self-instruction was 3.10, the stand alone aspect was 3.33, the adaptive aspect was 3, the user friendly aspect was 3, the aspect of content eligibility was 3 and the aspect of …


Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Teknik Kerja Bengkel Sebagai Bahan Ajar Kelas X Teknik Audio Video, Fariz Budi Widada, Sri Waluyanti Dec 2019

Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Teknik Kerja Bengkel Sebagai Bahan Ajar Kelas X Teknik Audio Video, Fariz Budi Widada, Sri Waluyanti

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

The 2013 curriculum encourages the development of instructional media that can encourage the creation of more effective learning and support students to be creative. This research aims to determine the steps to develop a workshop technique module for learning and satisfying process for learning. This learning module is used in workshop technique, subject class X skill competency audio-video technique in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. This research using method Research and Development (R&D) version Borg and Gallyang have been simplified by Anik Ghufron with 4 steps: 1) introduction study; 2) Development; 3) experiment test; 4) disseminate. The result of the research …


Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Role Playing Game (Rpg) Untuk Siswa Kelas X Smk Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, Putu Yana Swadyaya Dec 2019

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Role Playing Game (Rpg) Untuk Siswa Kelas X Smk Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, Putu Yana Swadyaya

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

The purpose of this study is to develop a game like learning media program about resistor's color code reading and simple resistor circuits made in RPG Maker MV game engine for grade X vocational school student. The developed learning media includes: learning media program, student workbook, and a complementary module book. The method of research and development is used in this study. Descriptive analysis was used on the feasibility analysis of learning media. Result of experts and users test validation stated that the developed learning media is in the feasible category based on all validated and tested aspects. First educational …


Troubling “Technologies”: Exploring The Global Learning Xprize Using The Frameworks Of Skinner And Foucault, Tanya Elias Dec 2019

Troubling “Technologies”: Exploring The Global Learning Xprize Using The Frameworks Of Skinner And Foucault, Tanya Elias

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

This work focuses on the question: What might be wrong with large-scale approaches to learning? In posing this question, my purpose is not to suggest that large-scale approaches have no role to play within a complex educational landscape. Rather, I seek to introduce a starting point for more critical and nuanced approaches to achieving proper scale within digital learning, whether big and small. Organized around a series of stories from a train-ride home, I introduce a series of process-based “technologies” as defined by Skinner (1971) and Foucault (1988). After contrasting key concepts of Skinner and Foucault, I apply Foucault’s framework …


Digital Tools In The Classroom: Measuring The Effectiveness, Jeff Carpenter Dec 2019

Digital Tools In The Classroom: Measuring The Effectiveness, Jeff Carpenter

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

The purpose of the study is to determine if, compared to traditional practice, digital practice increases student measuring accuracy on an authentic task. Therefore the study explores the relative efficacy of digital versus traditional practice for increasing student measurement skills in applied situations. Research tells us that students’ poor performance with measuring skills is directly related to lack of practice. To increase the ability to accurately use a ruler, Junior High, Intermediate and Middle Schools students require more time on task than they typically spend practicing this skill. Since more time is hard to come by in the classroom, educators …


Educator Professional Conversations Via Twitter Chat: Speech Acts And Intentions In #Pdbookclub, Suzanne L. Porath Dec 2019

Educator Professional Conversations Via Twitter Chat: Speech Acts And Intentions In #Pdbookclub, Suzanne L. Porath

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

#PDBookChat was an affinity space of educators who read a professional book together and reflected on their learning through blogs, Twitter, and Google+. The book study culminated with an hour-long synchronous Twitter chat. Using Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (Herring, 2001) and speech act theory (Searle, 1976) this paper focused on the Twitter chat to examine the discussion among the participants, the specific ways in which they connected their responses to each other and the content of the professional book they read, and provided an analysis of the key themes of the chat. This research provides evidence of how educators use Twitter …


Comparative Reflection On Best Known Instructional Design Models: Notes From The Field, Bengi Birgili Dec 2019

Comparative Reflection On Best Known Instructional Design Models: Notes From The Field, Bengi Birgili

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

This paper is intended to stimulate discussion on historical and evolving instructional design models in an educational era. After enriching the vision of what constitutes an instructional design, the paper explores the historical development and improvement of instructional design processes and models. The instructional design models of Dick and Carey, Morrison, Ross and Kemp, Posner and Rudnitsky, and Smith and Ragan are identified herein as being among the best known, most popular, and most widely applied instructional design models in the field of educational sciences. The philosophical underpinnings and the rationales for the arrangement of components in each instructional design …


Learning Together In Public And In Private: Exploring Learner Interactions And Engagement In A Blended-Platform Mooc Environment, Arianna Montero-Colbert, Natalie Delia Deckard, Bonnie Stewart, Sundi Richard, Alexa Nanan Dec 2019

Learning Together In Public And In Private: Exploring Learner Interactions And Engagement In A Blended-Platform Mooc Environment, Arianna Montero-Colbert, Natalie Delia Deckard, Bonnie Stewart, Sundi Richard, Alexa Nanan

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

With the growing popularity of connectivist MOOCs, the aim of facilitators has increasingly shifted from helping students meet completion-oriented goals to encouraging meaningful engagement among participants. In this paper, we study the relationship between platform of engagement and learner participation, controlling for relevant demographic factors of participants including gender, age, and level of education attained. Our study employs four distinct measures of participatory engagement: autonomous learning, knowledge reproduction, information networking, and scholarly engagement. We find that on the public platform of Twitter, participants were more likely to exhibit meaningful engagement patterns across all measures studied than they were on the …


“Does Increased Online Interaction Between Instructors And Students Positively Affect A Student’S Perception Of Quality For An Online Course?”, Jennifer Hunter Dr, Brayden Ross Dec 2019

“Does Increased Online Interaction Between Instructors And Students Positively Affect A Student’S Perception Of Quality For An Online Course?”, Jennifer Hunter Dr, Brayden Ross

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Online education is increasing as a solution to manage increasing enrollment numbers at higher education institutions. Intentionally and thoughtfully constructed courses allow students to improve performance through practice and self-assessment and instructors benefit from improving consistency in providing content and assessing process, performance, and progress.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of student to instructor interaction on the student’s perception of quality for an online course. “Does increased online interaction between instructors and students positively affect a student’s perception of quality for an online course?”

The study included over 1200 courses over a three year time …


Effects Of Providing Individualized Clinical Coaching With Bug-In-Ear Technology To Novice Educators Of Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders In Inclusive Secondary Science Classrooms, Dennis P. Garland Ph. D., Lisa A. Dieker Ph.D. Dec 2019

Effects Of Providing Individualized Clinical Coaching With Bug-In-Ear Technology To Novice Educators Of Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders In Inclusive Secondary Science Classrooms, Dennis P. Garland Ph. D., Lisa A. Dieker Ph.D.

Journal of Inquiry and Action in Education

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) have been reported to benefit greatly from participating in general education science classrooms, yet also present behaviors making them least likely to be included. In this study, three novice middle school science teachers received individualized clinical coaching (ICC) with bug-in-ear (BIE) technology to increase their use of three-term contingency (TTC) trials among students who had EBD in inclusive science classrooms. Researchers used a multiple probe across participants single case design (Gast, 2010) to examine the percentage of the teachers’ completed TTC trials for managing student behaviors, the rate of correct student responses among …


Spiritual-Moral Environment And Its Basic Indicators, Matlyuba Qaxxarova, Hamida Tuychieva Dec 2019

Spiritual-Moral Environment And Its Basic Indicators, Matlyuba Qaxxarova, Hamida Tuychieva

The Light of Islam

The article considers the problems of the spiritual and moral environment of society as a socio-historical phenomenon, the features of its development in a civil society and the laws of its development. The main attention is paid to ethical principles and means, ways to meet the needs of the individual, the importance of moral ideal, as well as objective conditions and subjective factors of the spiritual and moral environment.

In order to comprehensively improve the spiritual and moral climate in society, a philosophical approach to the question of the beliefs and beliefs of the individual was made in order to …


Teaching Qualitative Research Methods Online: A Scoping Review Of The Literature, Chareen Snelson Nov 2019

Teaching Qualitative Research Methods Online: A Scoping Review Of The Literature, Chareen Snelson

The Qualitative Report

Online education has become well established as an avenue for flexible access to educational opportunities. Those who teach qualitative research methods online may find it difficult to locate research or best practice literature to inform practice. A scoping review was conducted to identify and synthesize the literature about teaching qualitative research methods courses online. Eleven peer-reviewed journal articles were identified through a scoping review of the literature. The TPACK framework, which defines teacher knowledge in terms of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge, was used as a conceptual framework. Results from this scoping review indicate that online qualitative research methods educators …


Electronic Field Trips For Science Engagement: The Streaming Science Model, Jamie Loizzo, Mary J. Harner, Deborah J. Weitzenkamp, Kevin Kent Nov 2019

Electronic Field Trips For Science Engagement: The Streaming Science Model, Jamie Loizzo, Mary J. Harner, Deborah J. Weitzenkamp, Kevin Kent

Journal of Applied Communications

While institutions of higher education work to engage PK-12 youth in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) concepts and careers via in-person programming, PK-12 teachers and students face many logistical and access constraints for physically traveling to sites off of school grounds during the school day. Throughout the years, electronic field trips (EFTs) have offered a digital way for schools to engage in meaningful ways with museums, parks, laboratories, and field research sites. In order for EFTs to be effective, they should be cost effective and created collaboratively with teachers, students, subject matter experts, and instructional design and communication professionals. …


Igniting Your Teaching With Educational Technologies: A Resource For New Teachers Book Review, Mckelle Hamson Cox, Mindy Menn Oct 2019

Igniting Your Teaching With Educational Technologies: A Resource For New Teachers Book Review, Mckelle Hamson Cox, Mindy Menn

TxDLA Journal of Digital Learning

Igniting Your Teaching with Educational Technology: A Resource for New Teachers edited by Matt Rhoads and Bonni Stachowiak highlights six areas into which new teachers can incorporate technology within face-to-face, hybrid, and online classrooms. This review finds the book to be an ideal resource for new teachers and for current students in a college teaching program who are ready to start student teaching. Providing an overview of current educational technology tools, the book is certain to spark further exploration.


Technology In University Physical Activity Courses: A Mini-Ethnographic Case Study, Dannon G. Cox, Jennifer M. Krause, Mark A. Smith Oct 2019

Technology In University Physical Activity Courses: A Mini-Ethnographic Case Study, Dannon G. Cox, Jennifer M. Krause, Mark A. Smith

The Qualitative Report

As younger generations become increasingly reliant on technology, higher educational institutions must continually attempt to stay with or ahead of the curve to foster 21st century teaching and learning. College and university physical activity courses (PACs) are encouraged to incorporate technology for effective pedagogical practices. No qualitative research has specifically examined the culture of PACs instructors’ attitudes and experiences with technology as a pedagogical tool. A mini-ethnographic case study explored the use of technology among seven graduate teaching assistants who shared their pedagogical experiences, teaching practices, and perceptions of technology within PACs. Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis, composite narrative accounts …


Exploring The Factors Affecting The Motivation For Learning From The Perspective Of Public Health Students: A Qualitative Study, Leila Allahqoli, Vinnaras Nithyanantham, Azam Rahmani, Azra Allahveisi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Arezoo Fallahi, Babak Nemat-Shahrbabaki Oct 2019

Exploring The Factors Affecting The Motivation For Learning From The Perspective Of Public Health Students: A Qualitative Study, Leila Allahqoli, Vinnaras Nithyanantham, Azam Rahmani, Azra Allahveisi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Arezoo Fallahi, Babak Nemat-Shahrbabaki

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Objective. Despite the significant role of motivation in achieving success among public health students, students often do not demonstrate adequate motivation for learning and education. This study was performed to determine factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students via content analysis approach. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. 15 students were included in the study by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through personal interviews, group discussions, and field notes, and they were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Several parameters were taken into …


Building Constructivist Learning Environment At Senior High School In Indonesia, Harjali Harjali Sep 2019

Building Constructivist Learning Environment At Senior High School In Indonesia, Harjali Harjali

The Qualitative Report

Constructivist learning environment enhances students to be actively participating in the classroom activity. The way is through relating students’ real-life situation with the knowledge that will be learned, thus, students are able to develop their comprehension of constructing a conceptual meaning of knowledge. It is essential to consider the students’ perspectives toward constructivist learning since they are the center of learning. The objective of this study is to investigate the teachers’ perception towards the implementation of constructivist in a language lesson. Six teachers were selected as the participants using purposive sampling technique. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews and …


Educational Leaders, Professional Learning Communities, And Social Media, Ashley Johnson-Holder, Terrie Bethea-Hampton Sep 2019

Educational Leaders, Professional Learning Communities, And Social Media, Ashley Johnson-Holder, Terrie Bethea-Hampton

Journal of Research Initiatives

Though social media is at the forefront of technology strategies in the effort to close the digital divide, many educators fail to find the benefit in platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and MeWe. On the other hand, for many educators, social media has become the “go-to” resource, now that face-to-face communication is decreasing and social media is becoming the popular platform for keeping audiences engaged and informed. Social media has the potential of giving educational leaders the opportunity of communicating with multiple users simultaneously. Since students, parents, faculty, and educational stakeholders are using social media; this makes it an excellent …


Fostering The Development Of Social Capital To Enrich Student Experiences Through After-School Digital Tutoring Programs, Chientzu Candace Chou, Hsueh-Hua Chuang, Aura N. Wharton-Beck Aug 2019

Fostering The Development Of Social Capital To Enrich Student Experiences Through After-School Digital Tutoring Programs, Chientzu Candace Chou, Hsueh-Hua Chuang, Aura N. Wharton-Beck

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Historically, tutoring has been considered an effective way of assisting academically challenged students. After-school digital tutoring programs that foster the development of social capital could provide academic and social support for struggling students in remote areas. However, research on how after-school digital tutoring programs can foster social capital development is sparse. In this study, we used the perspective of social capital theory to examine the factors that shaped student-learning experiences in an E-Tutor Program. Specific attention was given to the types of and the strategies for developing social capital. The study utilized a case study approach to analyze data collected …


Using Microsoft Hololens To Improve Memory Recall In Anatomy And Physiology: A Pilot Study To Examine The Efficacy Of Using Augmented Reality In Education, Chen Chen, Lei Zhang, Tony Luczak, Eboni Smith, Reuben F. Burch Aug 2019

Using Microsoft Hololens To Improve Memory Recall In Anatomy And Physiology: A Pilot Study To Examine The Efficacy Of Using Augmented Reality In Education, Chen Chen, Lei Zhang, Tony Luczak, Eboni Smith, Reuben F. Burch

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

This paper explores the use of augmented reality (AR) to improve memory recall and learning experiences in human anatomy and physiology. In particular, the opportunity to assess new computer technologies to improve learning environments may allow for an improvement in self-efficacy and a reduction in test anxiety. Twenty-two undergraduates participated in one of two study groups, the Microsoft HoloLens group (HLNS) or the traditional projector-based Microsoft Power Point group (PPT). Each group completed a five-minute, three-subject anatomy identification and brain physiology memory test. After a three-minute time delay, participants completed a fill-in-the-blank anatomy identification test and brain physiology question test, …


Real-Time Support: Using Ecoaching To Increase Preservice Teachers’ Confidence To Teach, Morgan V. Blanton, Aftynne E. Cheek, Elizabeth Bellows Aug 2019

Real-Time Support: Using Ecoaching To Increase Preservice Teachers’ Confidence To Teach, Morgan V. Blanton, Aftynne E. Cheek, Elizabeth Bellows

Journal of Media Literacy Education

The role of teacher education preparation programs is to equip preservice teachers (PSTs) with the knowledge and skills to support the development of all students. To do this, university faculty must establish and monitor PST’s progress toward quality standards for teaching. eCoaching is a professional learning tool that provides real-time feedback to PSTs during instruction. In this article, the authors present eCoaching as a professional learning strategy. An overview of eCoaching logistics, perceived impact of eCoaching on PSTs, a description of eCoaching in action, and an explanation of how it meshes with current support practices are provided.


Teaching Adolescents To Communicate (Better) Online: Best Practices From A Middle School Classroom, Michelle Ciccone Aug 2019

Teaching Adolescents To Communicate (Better) Online: Best Practices From A Middle School Classroom, Michelle Ciccone

Journal of Media Literacy Education

Digital conversation spaces have the potential to generate powerful collective intelligence, but only when users are thoughtful, reflective, and have experience interacting with diverse ideas. To be able to engage in online conversational spaces in this way, though, is not inherent or natural: it must be practiced. This article will argue that it is essential to have adolescents practice engaging in challenging and professional conversations online with peers in classroom settings. Utilizing a New Media Literacy framework, this article will share impactful classroom practices that help adolescents develop effective online conversation skills. Essential to this pedagogy is a cycle of …


Tech For Understanding: An Introduction To Assistive And Instructional Technology In The Classroom, Taylor Caldwell Aug 2019

Tech For Understanding: An Introduction To Assistive And Instructional Technology In The Classroom, Taylor Caldwell

Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship

This paper examines the different types of assistive and instructional technology available to students who are classified with one or more of the thirteen disabilities outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (referred to as, IDEA). While the roles of assistive and instructional technology are different, there are many instances where their uses may overlap. Thus, while these two categories will be discussed separately, it should be noted that some information may be applied to each category and more than one piece of technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the world of assistive …


Socio-Demographic Predictors Associated With Capacity To Engage In Health Care, Ran Sun, Linden Wu, Scott Barnett, Patsy Deyo, Ellen Swartwout Jul 2019

Socio-Demographic Predictors Associated With Capacity To Engage In Health Care, Ran Sun, Linden Wu, Scott Barnett, Patsy Deyo, Ellen Swartwout

Patient Experience Journal

Patient engagement is essential to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic factors associated with one’s capacity to engage in their health care. An observational, cross-sectional study was performed including patients from five medical/surgical units of four health systems. Patients’ engagement capacity was assessed using the person engagement index (PEI) instrument which contains four subscales: engagement in health care, technology use in health care, proactive approach to health care, and psychosocial support for health care. Separate general linear models were applied for the PEI total score and each of the four subscale scores. Our …


A Systematic Review Of Studies On Educational Robotics, Saira Anwar, Nicholas Alexander Bascou, Muhsin Menekse, Asefeh Kardgar Jul 2019

A Systematic Review Of Studies On Educational Robotics, Saira Anwar, Nicholas Alexander Bascou, Muhsin Menekse, Asefeh Kardgar

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

There has been a steady increase in the number of studies investigating educational robotics and its impact on academic and social skills of young learners. Educational robots are used both in and out of school environments to enhance K–12 students’ interest, engagement, and academic achievement in various fields of STEM education. Some prior studies show evidence for the general benefits of educational robotics as being effective in providing impactful learning experiences. However, there appears to be a need to determine the specific benefits which have been achieved through robotics implementation in K–12 formal and informal learning settings. In this study, …


Pre-Service Teacher's Perceptions Of Technology Integration In Their Future Classrooms, Mckenzie Scoffield, Jennifer Wimmer Jun 2019

Pre-Service Teacher's Perceptions Of Technology Integration In Their Future Classrooms, Mckenzie Scoffield, Jennifer Wimmer

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Due to the increase in technology in schools, teachers are required to understand how to use the technology, and how to integrate curriculum with it. Technology is incredibly diverse and holds limitless possibilities to the new design of innovative learning. It is also becoming increasingly more common in classrooms through interactive whiteboards, computers, projectors, IPADS, chrome books, etc (Carr and Martin, 2015). However, most in-service teachers say that in order to incorporate this technology into their classrooms, they need to be well versed in how to combine technology with their curriculum (Kara and Cagiltay, 2017). The purpose of this quantitative …


Collaborating Online: Tools For Improving Teacher Preparation In Literacy, Jennifer Van Allen, Lenora Forsythe Jun 2019

Collaborating Online: Tools For Improving Teacher Preparation In Literacy, Jennifer Van Allen, Lenora Forsythe

The Language and Literacy Spectrum

Teacher preparation programs face the continual challenge to provide experiences that foster collaboration between teacher candidates and go beyond the boundaries of particular programs and classrooms. Collaborative learning structures improve learner achievement, attitudes, engagement, satisfaction, and retention rates when interactions between learners are facilitated and fostered. These structures have the potential to foster genuine collaboration in which groups create products and processes that change individuals’ understandings and actions as well as those of the collective group. In this format, learning occurs not only from the instructor but from other classmates as well. Many agencies and professional associations are calling for …


How Online Teaching Made Me A Better Instructor On Campus, Michael Lohle Ph.D. Jun 2019

How Online Teaching Made Me A Better Instructor On Campus, Michael Lohle Ph.D.

FDLA Journal

The role of industrial designer and best practices for effective online course delivery are evolving. This article discusses a narrative of the author’s lived experience applying online instructional design techniques in on campus courses. It provides an introduction confirming the state of the research, the narrative, and conclusions and recommendations for additional research.


The Potential Of Socio-Biologically Relevant Mobile Applications To Attract Girls To Stem, Vanaja Nethi, Santanu De May 2019

The Potential Of Socio-Biologically Relevant Mobile Applications To Attract Girls To Stem, Vanaja Nethi, Santanu De

FDLA Journal

Stimulating girls’ interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) when they are in school, and sustaining that interest, is critical in motivating girls to choose STEM-related disciplines in higher education and enter STEM careers. Research indicates that girls show an interest in STEM until about 11-12 years of age, but this starts to wane by the time they are 15-16 years. Thus, there is a clear need to focus on sustaining the interest of girls in STEM at middle or high school levels. Research has shown that one of the main drivers that impact girls’ interest in STEM is …