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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Education
Tuition-Free College Options For Michigan: What Policymakers Need To Know About A Statewide Promise Program, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kyle Huisman
Tuition-Free College Options For Michigan: What Policymakers Need To Know About A Statewide Promise Program, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kyle Huisman
Reports
No abstract provided.
The Kalamazoo Promise: A Piece In The Puzzle Of Housing Preferences, Kathleen Bolter, Alfonso Hernandez
The Kalamazoo Promise: A Piece In The Puzzle Of Housing Preferences, Kathleen Bolter, Alfonso Hernandez
Reports
No abstract provided.
The Columbus Promise: Year One Evaluation Report, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, Bridget F. Timmeney, Kyle Huisman
The Columbus Promise: Year One Evaluation Report, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, Bridget F. Timmeney, Kyle Huisman
Reports
No abstract provided.
Behind The Numbers: Comparing College-Going Outcomes Of Kalamazoo Public Schools To Those Of Similar Urban School Districts In Michigan, Kathleen Bolter, Brad J. Hershbein
Behind The Numbers: Comparing College-Going Outcomes Of Kalamazoo Public Schools To Those Of Similar Urban School Districts In Michigan, Kathleen Bolter, Brad J. Hershbein
Reports
No abstract provided.
Are Teacher Pensions "Hazardous" For Schools?, Patten Priestley Mahler
Are Teacher Pensions "Hazardous" For Schools?, Patten Priestley Mahler
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
I use a detailed panel of data and a unique modeling specification to explore how public schoolteachers respond to the incentives embedded in North Carolina’s retirement system. Like most public-sector retirement plans, North Carolina’s teacher pension implicitly encourages teachers to continue working until they are eligible for their pension benefits, and then leave soon afterward. I find that teachers with higher levels of quality, as measured by a teacher’s value-added to her students’ achievement test scores, are more responsive to the “pull” of teacher pensions. Younger teachers, those with higher salaries, and nonwhite teachers are also more likely to stay …
Investing In Schools: Capital Spending, Facility Conditions, And Student Achievement (Revised And Edited), Paco Martorell, Kevin Stange, Isaac Mcfarlin Jr.
Investing In Schools: Capital Spending, Facility Conditions, And Student Achievement (Revised And Edited), Paco Martorell, Kevin Stange, Isaac Mcfarlin Jr.
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Public investments in repairs, modernization, and construction of schools cost billions. However, little is known about the nature of school facility investments, whether such investments actually change the physical condition of public schools, and the subsequent causal impacts on student achievement. We study the achievement effects of nearly 1,400 capital campaigns initiated and financed by local school districts, comparing districts where school capital bonds were either narrowly approved or narrowly defeated by district voters. Overall, we find little evidence that school capital campaigns improve student achievement. Our event-study analyses focusing on students that attend targeted schools and therefore are exposed …
The Role Of Performance Management In Good Governance And Its Application In Public Education, Carolyn J. Heinrich
The Role Of Performance Management In Good Governance And Its Application In Public Education, Carolyn J. Heinrich
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Did No Child Left Behind Affect Teacher Attendance?: Evidence From North Carolina, Seth Gershenson
Did No Child Left Behind Affect Teacher Attendance?: Evidence From North Carolina, Seth Gershenson
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Intergovernmental (Dis)Incentives, Free-Riding, Teacher Salaries And Teacher Pensions, Maria D. Fitzpatrick
Intergovernmental (Dis)Incentives, Free-Riding, Teacher Salaries And Teacher Pensions, Maria D. Fitzpatrick
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In this paper, I document evidence that intergovernmental incentives inherent in public sector defined benefit pension systems distort the amount and timing of income for public school teachers. This intergovernmental incentive stems from the fact that, in many states, local school districts are responsible for setting the compensation that determines the size of pensions, but are not required to make contributions to cover the resulting pension fund liabilities. I use the introduction of a policy that required experience-rating on compensation increases above a certain limit in a differences-in-differences framework to identify whether districts are willing to pay the full costs …
The Road Toward K-12 Excellence In Michigan: How An Upgraded Financing System Can Better Support Enhanced Student Achievement, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, Timothy J. Bartik, Randall W. Eberts, Brad J. Hershbein, Michelle Miller-Adams
The Road Toward K-12 Excellence In Michigan: How An Upgraded Financing System Can Better Support Enhanced Student Achievement, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, Timothy J. Bartik, Randall W. Eberts, Brad J. Hershbein, Michelle Miller-Adams
Reports
No abstract provided.
Performance Standards And Employee Effort: Evidence From Teacher Absences, Seth Gershenson
Performance Standards And Employee Effort: Evidence From Teacher Absences, Seth Gershenson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) increased accountability pressure in U.S. public schools by threatening to impose sanctions on Title 1 schools that failed to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) in consecutive years. Difference-in-difference estimates of the effect of failing AYP in the first year of NCLB on teacher effort in the subsequent year suggest that, on average, teacher absences in North Carolina fell by about 10 percent, and the probability of being absent 15 or more times fell by about 30 percent. Reductions in teacher absences were driven by within-teacher increases in effort and were larger among …
Preschool And Prosperity, Timothy J. Bartik
Preschool And Prosperity, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Policy Papers
Substantial research shows that high-quality early childhood education programs have a large economic payoff. This payoff is increased earnings for former child participants, increased earnings for parents, and increased earnings for all workers when average worker skills improve. A program package of universal pre-K, combined with child care and parenting support for all low-income families, would cost $80 billion annually. But each dollar invested in this package would yield future economic benefits of over 10 times as great.
Cost Estimate Of A Promise Scholarship Program For The City Of Jacksonville, Illinois, George Erickcek
Cost Estimate Of A Promise Scholarship Program For The City Of Jacksonville, Illinois, George Erickcek
Reports
No abstract provided.
A Second Look At Enrollment Changes After The Kalamazoo Promise, Brad J. Hershbein
A Second Look At Enrollment Changes After The Kalamazoo Promise, Brad J. Hershbein
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Preschool Teaching At A Crossroads, Marcy Whitebook
Preschool Teaching At A Crossroads, Marcy Whitebook
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Effects Of The Pre-K Program Of Kalamazoo County Ready 4s On Kindergarten Entry Test Scores: Estimates Based On Data From The Fall Of 2011 And The Fall Of 2012, Timothy J. Bartik
Effects Of The Pre-K Program Of Kalamazoo County Ready 4s On Kindergarten Entry Test Scores: Estimates Based On Data From The Fall Of 2011 And The Fall Of 2012, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper uses a regression discontinuity model to examine the effects on kindergarten entrance assessments of the Kalamazoo County Ready 4s (KC Ready 4s) program, a half-day pre-K program for four-year-olds in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. The results are based on test scores and other characteristics of up to 220 children participating in KC Ready 4s, with data coming from both 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 participants in the program. The estimates find consistently statistically significant effects of this pre-K program on improving entering kindergartners’ math test scores. Some estimates also suggest marginally statistically significant effects of KC Ready 4s on vocabulary test …
Estimation Of The Cost Of An Oregon Promise, George A. Erickcek
Estimation Of The Cost Of An Oregon Promise, George A. Erickcek
Reports
This report offers an estimate of the cost of a statewide scholarship program for the State of Oregon that has a similar program structure as the existing Kalamazoo Promise. It is assumed that the proposed Oregon scholarship program would begin in the fall of 2013, and the full cost of the scholarship would not occur until 2016 when four years of scholarship-eligible students are enrolled in college. This report includes estimates on the scholarship costs, as well as, costs associated with administering the scholarship program.
The Short-Term Effects Of The Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship On Student Outcomes, Timothy J. Bartik, Marta Lachowska
The Short-Term Effects Of The Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship On Student Outcomes, Timothy J. Bartik, Marta Lachowska
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In order to study whether college scholarships can be an effective tool in raising students’ performance in secondary school, we use one aspect of the Kalamazoo Promise that resembles a quasi-experiment. The surprise announcement of the scholarship created a large change in expected college tuition costs that varied across different groups of students based on past enrollment decisions. This variation is arguably exogenous to unobserved student characteristics. We estimate the effects of this change by a set of “difference-in-differences” regressions where we compare the change in student outcomes in secondary school across time for different student “length of enrollment” groups. …
Beating The Odds, Michael F. Addonizio, C. Philip Kearney
Beating The Odds, Michael F. Addonizio, C. Philip Kearney
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Earnings Benefits Of Tulsa's Pre-K Program For Different Income Groups, Timothy J. Bartik, William T. Gormley, Shirley Adelstein
Earnings Benefits Of Tulsa's Pre-K Program For Different Income Groups, Timothy J. Bartik, William T. Gormley, Shirley Adelstein
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper estimates future adult earnings effects associated with a universal pre-K program in Tulsa, Oklahoma. These informed projections help to compensate for the lack of long-term data on universal pre-K programs, while using metrics that relate test scores to valued social benefits. Combining test-score data from the fall of 2006 and recent findings by Chetty et al. (forthcoming) on the relationship between kindergarten test scores and adult earnings, we generate plausible projections of adult earnings effects and a partial cost-benefit analysis of the Tulsa pre-K program. We find substantial projected earnings benefits for program participants who differ by income …
Why Investing In Kids Makes Sense For Local Economies, Timothy J. Bartik
Why Investing In Kids Makes Sense For Local Economies, Timothy J. Bartik
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Distributional Effects Of Early Childhood Programs And Business Incentives And Their Implications For Policy, Timothy J. Bartik
Distributional Effects Of Early Childhood Programs And Business Incentives And Their Implications For Policy, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This is a draft of a chapter of a planned book, Preschool and Jobs: Human Development as Economic Development, and Vice Versa [subsequently published as Investing in Kids, 2011]. This book analyzes early childhood programs effects on regional economic development. This chapter considers the effects of early childhood programs and business incentives on the income distribution. A key issue is whether early childhood programs should be targeted on the poor, or made universally available for free. Relevant considerations in addressing this issue include how benefits of early childhood programs benefit with family income, and the political feasibility of targeted versus …
The Kalamazoo Promise As A Model For An American Promise, Timothy J. Bartik, Michelle Miller-Adams
The Kalamazoo Promise As A Model For An American Promise, Timothy J. Bartik, Michelle Miller-Adams
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Why Universal Preschool Is Really A Labor Market Program, Timothy J. Bartik
Why Universal Preschool Is Really A Labor Market Program, Timothy J. Bartik
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
How Policymakers Should Deal With The Delayed Benefits Of Early Childhood Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
How Policymakers Should Deal With The Delayed Benefits Of Early Childhood Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This is a draft of a chapter of a planned book, Preschool and Jobs: Human Development as Economic Development, and Vice Versa [subsequently published as Investing in Kids, 2011]. This chapter considers a problem with early childhood programs: their effects on earnings are mostly long-delayed. The delay occurs because most earnings effects are on former child participants. The chapter considers appropriate discounting of benefits and how the upfront costs of early childhood programs can be delayed or reduced. It also addresses how the long-run benefits of early childhood programs can be moved up or increased.
Toledo Promise Scholarship Concept Study, Michelle Miller-Adams, George A. Erickcek, Bridget F. Timmeney
Toledo Promise Scholarship Concept Study, Michelle Miller-Adams, George A. Erickcek, Bridget F. Timmeney
Reports
No abstract provided.
The La Crosse Promise: Economic Impact Study, George A. Erickcek
The La Crosse Promise: Economic Impact Study, George A. Erickcek
Reports
The Upjohn Institute conducted an economic impact study of a universal, place-based scholarship program for La Crosse, Wisconsin. This study examines the possibility of developing a program similar to the Kalamazoo Promise for the La Crosse area. The La Crosse area is facing a population decline, growing concentrations of low-income students, an aging infrastructure in the region’s largest school district, and regional sprawl that is consuming farmland and natural assets while creating new challenges of congestion and service delivery. As a response to these issues, this study explores the potential impact of a universal, place-based scholarship program.
Review Of The Davenport Promise Concept, George A. Erickcek, Sarah M. Klerk, Brad R. Watts
Review Of The Davenport Promise Concept, George A. Erickcek, Sarah M. Klerk, Brad R. Watts
Reports
The Davenport Promise would provide college scholarships for students living in the City of Davenport. The scholarship can be used to attend any accredited vocational training institute, college, or university of the student's choice. This report provides estimates of the potential fiscal impact of the Davenport Promise on the City of Davenport and the Davenport Public Schools under several alternative scenarios.
Economic Development Benefits Of Preschool Expansion In Kalamazoo County, Timothy J. Bartik
Economic Development Benefits Of Preschool Expansion In Kalamazoo County, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper examines the effects of preschool expansion in Kalamazoo County on the county's economic development. Effects on the county's economic development are defined as effects on the employment and earnings of county residents. The estimated effects are found to be large relative to the costs. In addition to their relevance to Kalamazoo County, these simulations illustrate how the analysis presented in two previous papers (Bartik 2006, 2008) can be done for an individual county or metropolitan area. Such simulations may be of interest to other counties or metropolitan areas that are considering expansions in early childhood programs.
Preschool And Economic Development, Timothy J. Bartik
Preschool And Economic Development, Timothy J. Bartik
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.