Education Commons^™

Ec798 Residential On-Site Wastewater Treatment: An Overview, Janet R. Hygnstrom, Wayne Woldt, Sharon Skipton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Answers for homeowners, realtors and lenders about residential on-site wastewater treatment systems.

This publication will answer many questions that homeowners, potential homeowners, realtors and lenders have about residential on-site wastewater treatment systems. Information is based on Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality's "Title 124: Rules and Regulations for the Design, Operation and Maintenance of On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems.

G05-1587 Understandng Effective Fiber In Rations For Dairy Cattle, Paul J. Kononoff

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Fiber type, quality and length are key to herd health and production.

Fiber is a key component in dairy rations. When nutritionists are faced with herd challenges such as low milkfat tests, foot problems, or low feed conversions, ration fiber often is evaluated. Effective fiber depends on the type and amount of forages and nonforage fiber sources being fed, the particle size of those forages and the amount of available nonfiberous carbohydrates included in the diet.

Rp 357 Quality And Yield Grades For Beef Carcasses, Dennis E. Burson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

There are two types of beef grades in the United States--quality grades and yield grades. Beef carcasses may carry a quality grade, a yield grade or both a quality and yield grade.

Quality grades indicate expected palatability or eating satisfaction of the meat; yield grades are estimates of the percentage of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts from the round, Join, rib and chuck.

Federal meat grading is a voluntary service packers request and pay for on an hourly fee basis. Meat grading should not be confused with meat inspection, which is mandatory and ensures the safety and wholesomeness of our …

G03-1527 Annual Forages For The Nebraska Panhandle, Burt A. Weichenthal, David D. Baltensperger, K. P. Vogel, S. D. Masterson, J. M. Blumenthal, J. M. Krall

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Advantages and disadvantages of various annual forages, results of dryland and irrigated forage trials, tips for achieving quality forage, and issues related to animal health and feeding forages. Annual forages have value as pasture, green chop, silage, and hay. With adequate soil moisture, these forages grow very rapidly during their appropriate growing seasons.

G99-1394 Feeding Program: Quality Control Checklist, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Use this check list to ensure that your feeding program is effective and profitable.

The following guidelines will help assure that your herd's feeding environment is optimal for maximum feed intake, milk production and cow comfort.

Ec97-782 Water Quality Criteria For Irrigation, Glenn J. Hoffman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In irrigated agriculture, the hazard of salt water is a constant threat. Poor-quality irrigation water is generally more concerning as the climate changes from humid to arid conditions. Salinity is not normally a threat where precipitation is a major source of salt-free water for crop production. Water entering the soil which is not stored or consumed by evapotranspiration moves through the crop root zone, eventually reaching the water table. This percolating process flushes (leaches) soluble salts. Less rainfall means smaller amounts of precipitation available to leach salts. In Nebraska, rainfall decreases from 30 inches in the east to 15 inches …

Ec97-1874 Diseases Affecting Grain And Seed Quality In Wheat, John E. Watkins, Larry J. Prentice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seed-associated diseases of wheat draw considerable attention because they often reduce both grain quality and yield. In addition ergot and scab diseases bring in a third dimension because toxins associated with each present a potentially serious health risk to humans and animals. Yield losses caused by smuts are roughly equal to the percentage of smutted heads in the field; however, losses from black point, scab or ergot are less easily measured. For example, wheat in the soft dough stage that is infected by one of the scab pathogens may still produce plump, good test weight kernels resulting in minimal yield …

Ec96-143 Pesticide Runoff And Water Quality In Nebraska, Steven Comfort, Thomas G. Franti, S.K. Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraska's natural resources provide its residents with an abundance of wildlife, recreation, and agricultural opportunities. Some of the state's most important resources are its lakes, rivers and streams. These surface waters provide year-round habitat for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife, rest stops for migratory birds, and countless hours of enjoyment for outdoor enthusiasts. In addition, surface waters provide a source of drinking water for many Nebraska residents, and are vital for some farming and industrial operations. To better understand how surface waters become contaminated from pesticide runoff, the various factors and processes influencing runoff must be understood. With this understanding, pesticide …

G95-1236 Developing Beef Quality Assurance, Dicky D. Griffin, Louis Perino, Don Hudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This Neb-Guide gives guidelines for developing a feedlot beef quality assurance program.

The displacement of people from agriculture into other areas of employment has broken the relationship between most consumers and producers. The consumer's lack of knowledge about agricultural production coupled with concern for misuse of technological advances in agriculture has created great concern for the safety of their food supply. Consumers are worried that their food will be contaminated by antibiotics, hormones, and agricultural chemicals. Recently, bacterial contamination of beef has been added to their fears. These concerns, combined with diet and health concerns for eating red meat and …

G94-1192 Feeding Dairy Cows With Limited High Quality Forage, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

During excessively wet or dry years, there is a wide range of forage quality with most dairy producers forced to feed at least some moderate to poor quality forage. This NebGuide discusses basic alterations in the feeding strategy to help cope with minimal reductions in milk yield.

During excessively wet or dry years, there is a wide range of forage quality with most dairy producers forced to feed at least some moderate to poor quality forage. This NebGuide discusses basic alterations in the feeding strategy to help cope with minimal reductions in milk yield.

G93-1186 Financing Public Education In Nebraska, A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the costs and characteristics of Nebraska's public education system.

Providing public education traditionally has been one of the most important functions of government. During the 1990-91 school year, education expenditures by all levels of government in the United States approximated $330 billion, or about 18 percent of total public expenditures. In a narrower sense, state and local governments committed just over one-third of their budgets to education, and for local governments alone (primarily local school districts), about 43 percent of all spending went for education.

Rp92-217 No. 6 Delivering On A Live Cattle Futures Contract, Al Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A producer who hedges with a live cattle futures contract normally will offset the futures position by buying a futures contract and selling the cattle on the cash market. However, there may be a time when it is advantageous to make delivery of the cattle against the contract. In fact, the potential or alternative for delivery is an important necessary contract feature.

Live cattle futures follow a Certificate of Delivery procedure, the details are covered later in this Fact Sheet. Mid-America Exchange delivery units equal one-half the size and have the same delivery conditions as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) …

Ec90-2502 Perspectives On Nitrates, Gary W. Hergert, Richard A. Wiese, Delynn Hay, William A. Lee, Ann Ziebarth, Richard B. Davis, Constance Kies, Carolyn Bednar, Norman Schneider, Alex Hogg, Robert A. Britton, J. David Aiken

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The potential adverse consequences of nitrate on both human and animal health has long been recognized. This extension circular is comprised of six papers that include:

• Nitrogen in our Environment
• Alternatives When Excessive Nitrate is Present in Drinking Water
• Nitrates, Nutrites and Methemoglobinemia
• Nitrates, Nutrities, N-Nitroso Compounds and Nutrition
• Excessive Nitrate/Nitrite Exposure: Nitrate Poisoning and Related Animal Health Effects
• Nitrates and Ground Water Quality Protection Policies

G90-987 Colostrum Quality And Absorption In Baby Calves, Duane N. Rice, Douglas G. Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains the importance of early feeding of high quality colostrum to the newborn calf.

The intake and absorption of colostral immunoglobulins, which include antibodies against disease, are essential to the health of the newborn calf. The newborn calf is virtually devoid of circulating antibodies and thus relies on antibodies acquired from colostrum for protection against common disease-causing organisms (pathogens). Significant amounts of the antibodies obtained from good quality colostrum, if fed early enough, are transferred across the small intestine and into the blood during the first few hours of life (passive transfer). Antibodies entering the blood are further …

G88-892 Mixing Quality Pig Feed (Revised July 1992), Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pig feed quality problems and mixing recommendations are covered here. Feed ingredients represent over 60 percent of the total cost of farrow-finish pork production and 65-70 percent of the variable expenses. Attention to quality preparation, in addition to purchasing decisions, is a component of feed ingredient cost management. Errors in formulation, misuse of feed mixing equipment, use of poor quality feed ingredients or lack of a quality assurance program can have costly consequences.

G84-738 Management To Minimize Hay Waste, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses harvest factors that affect hay yield and quality as well as ways to reduce losses during harvest, storage, and feeding.

Hay is harvested, stored, and fed under a wide variety of conditions that influence both its yield and feed value. High quality hay is needed by animals that require high nutrient concentrations to reach desired levels of production. These include dairy cows, finishing beef cattle, fattening lambs, and race horses. Excellent hay management is required to produce the hay needed by these livestock. High quality hay is also used as a supplement to lower quality forages, such …

G84-714 Estimating Ag Lime Quality, Delno Knudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to calculate lime quality based on material purity and fineness and how this relates to application rates and recommendations.

The effectiveness of a liming material for correcting soil acidity depends on two factors — purity and fineness. These two factors, along with water content, must be considered in determining how much lime to apply per acre.

G80-489 Feeding The Beef Cow Herd--Part I Factors Affecting The Cow Nutrition Program, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Considerations for getting the most from your beef cow herd are covered in this NebGuide, including calving season, factors affecting nutrient requirements, cow rations and more.

Feed costs are the greatest expense in keeping a cow herd, and the nutrition program dictates reproductive performance. The ultimate goal for a cow/calf manager is to keep feed costs low, but still meet the nutrient requirements of the cow herd so reproductive performance is not impaired. Once these two factors are balanced, producers, through new genetics of added growth or milk production, can match increased weaning weight with the most economical feed resources …

Cc56-139 Poultry Profit Pointers: Marketing Eggs, Elvin C. Schulte

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The egg represents the marketable, finished produce from the laying flock. Poultry raisers should be familiar with eggs and do everything possible to maintain egg quality. Eggs are a valuable human food because they are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. Like other important protein foods, eggs should be properly handled to protect their quality.

This campaign circular discusses what to look for in the size eggs and how to handle them before taking them market.

Rb32-270 A Seven Year Study Of A Milk Supply, P.A. Downs

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The amount of butter produced by the grain-belt states is evidence that a great many cows are milked by the midwestern farmer. Most of this milk is separated on the farm, the cream is sold, and the skimmilk is fed to hogs and other livestock. As the market for fluid milk has developed, many farmers near the cities have turned to the sale of milk, because it affords a better return for the butterfat sold. Much of the milk produced for sale as fluid milk is produced under practically the same conditions as milk which is produced primarily for the …

Rb30-252 Sex And Age As Factors In Cattle Feeding, H.J. Gramlich, R.R. Thalman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Varying economic conditions and changes in the demands of the meat consuming public have been responsible for the turns that have taken place in the beef industry during recent years. Both feeder and producer must recognize and conform to these changes if they are to continue in business. Among the most important of these changes have been the turn toward the marketing of lighter cattle and the gradual disappearance from feed lots of two- and three-year-old animals. Furthermore, the cattle population of the United States is fast reaching stabilization with the resulting effect that more heifers are being marketed, since …

Rb25-207 The Spindle-Tuber Disease: One Cause Of "Run-Out" Seed Potatoes, H.O. Werner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The spindle-tuber disease is one of the most prevalent potato diseases occurring in all parts of Nebraska. It has been found in all varieties tested. It does much damage to the potato crop, in that it reduces the yield and injures the market quality of the potatoes.

This 1925 publication discusses the spindler-tuber disease also known as "running-out" or degeneracy of seed potatoes; the distribution of the disease; effect upon yield and quality; symptoms of the different potato varieties; transmission of the disease and experiments; rate of increase of the disease; dry land versus irrigation in western Nebraska; straw mulching …

Ec23-120 Wheat In Nebraska, W.W. Burr, P.H. Stewart

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Wheat is one of the most important crops of the world. In total world tonnage it ranks third, being surpassed only by corn and potatoes. In th United States the tonnage is second only to corn, but wheat is far more important than corn as a human food.

Wheat is more important as a human food than any other rain crop. It is in itself almost a balanced food, and from earliest times has played an important part in the development of civilization. With the development of modern machinery wheat can now be produced without almost no hand work. On …