Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Kennesaw State University (97)
- Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego/Faculty of Management University of Warsaw (19)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (14)
- University of Dayton (8)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (6)
-
- Johnson & Wales University (6)
- University for Business and Technology in Kosovo (5)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (4)
- Munster Technological University (3)
- Singapore Management University (3)
- Technological University Dublin (3)
- The University of Akron (3)
- Universitas Indonesia (3)
- West Virginia University (3)
- Georgia Southern University (2)
- Liberty University (2)
- Montclair State University (2)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (2)
- Sotheby's Institute of Art (2)
- University of Georgia School of Law (2)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (2)
- Western Kentucky University (2)
- Western Michigan University (2)
- American University in Cairo (1)
- Bemidji State University (1)
- Bowling Green State University (1)
- Bryant University (1)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (1)
- Case Western Reserve University (1)
- Chapman University (1)
- Keyword
-
- Marketing (18)
- Consumer behavior (9)
- Advertising (8)
- Social media (8)
- Branding (7)
-
- COVID-19 (6)
- Johnson & Wales University (6)
- Social media marketing (5)
- Sustainability (5)
- Brand (4)
- Brand management (4)
- Consumer behaviour (4)
- Facebook (4)
- Innovation (4)
- Providence (4)
- Sales (4)
- Business (3)
- Business model (3)
- Consumption (3)
- Electronic word of mouth (3)
- Environment (3)
- Experiential learning (3)
- Gender (3)
- Marketing strategy (3)
- Millennials (3)
- Packaging (3)
- Ph.D. (3)
- Project (3)
- Promotion (3)
- RI (3)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Atlantic Marketing Journal (55)
- Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings (42)
- Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets (19)
- Department of Marketing: Faculty Publications (11)
- Management and Marketing Faculty Publications (8)
-
- MBA Faculty Conference Papers & Journal Articles (6)
- Graphic Communication (5)
- International Journal of Business and Technology (5)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (3)
- Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects (3)
- Georgia Journal of Law & Technology (2)
- Journal of Applied Packaging Research (2)
- MA Theses (2)
- Marketing Undergraduate Honors Theses (2)
- Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business (2)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (2)
- AMTP Proceedings 2026 (1)
- ASEAN Marketing Journal (1)
- Agribusiness (1)
- Articles (1)
- BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi (1)
- Bachelors’ Theses (1)
- Business Faculty Articles and Research (1)
- Business and Economics Honors Papers (1)
- Capstone Projects and Master's Theses (1)
- College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Theses (1)
- Community Vitality Initiative (1)
- Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works (1)
- Department of Marketing Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works (1)
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 31 - 60 of 234
Full-Text Articles in Sales and Merchandising
The Review Of The Book “Employer Branding – Eine Wissenschaftliche Analyse Des State-Of-The Art Empirischer Untersuchung Im Bereich Employer Branding” Written By Peter Kuhn, Anna Jędrzejczyk
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
The review of the book “Employer Branding – Eine wissenschaftliche Analyse des State-of-the Art empirischer Untersuchung im Bereich Employer Branding” written by Peter Kuhn
Motivating Marketing Research Respondents To Provide More Elaborated Answers, Michał Ścibor-Rylski
Motivating Marketing Research Respondents To Provide More Elaborated Answers, Michał Ścibor-Rylski
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Modern marketing research faces a challenge how to increase the respondents’ productivity and encourage them to give more elaborated answers in the open-ended questions. It’s relevant both for CAWI quantitative projects and the qualitative approaches. The initial research in this area shows that gamified tasks including storytelling enhancements might be a solution to the stated problem. The research project was aimed at the verification of effectiveness of the gamified methods, i.e., questions including a storytelling context, with the use of a bigger, quantitative sample of the regular marketing research respondents – participants of the professional research panel. The research was …
Would You Pay An Insta-Doctor A Visit? Social Media Personal Brands And Young Consumer Perception, Małgorzata Szwed
Would You Pay An Insta-Doctor A Visit? Social Media Personal Brands And Young Consumer Perception, Małgorzata Szwed
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Technological developments and the broad availability of the Internet provide constant access to social media for users. These platforms are used to communicate with friends as well as to follow other users and brands. Also, physicians have public social media profiles on which they publish both professional and personal content. The objective of the paper is to explore and understand customers’ perception of physicians’ social media use. To obtain the purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted that involved 12 semistructured interviews with people who followed physicians’ profiles on social media. The study identifies three consumer groups: social media enthusiasts, …
Warhol Speaks: How One Museum Leverages Communications Strategies To Engage In An Era Of Innovation And Value Creation, Kristina Kaufman, Peter Kaufman
Warhol Speaks: How One Museum Leverages Communications Strategies To Engage In An Era Of Innovation And Value Creation, Kristina Kaufman, Peter Kaufman
Atlantic Marketing Journal
As museums face increasing competition for guests amidst a growing number of cultural options, these institutions are challenged to reinvent themselves to offer a more modern experience for guests that addresses inclusivity, and a balance of active (engaging) and passive (reflective) experiences. This paper documents researcher observation at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Through the lens of sensory perception theory, several themes emerge as communication strategies that aim to offer visitor engagement and added value. This paper analyzes and highlights how museums can offer multisensory experiences which cater to guests’ ability to cognitively invest and engage with the …
Interpreting Consumer Attitude Towards Milk Alternatives: A Purchase Intention Model For Marketing Success, Anjolize Wassenaar, Elizabeth Kempen
Interpreting Consumer Attitude Towards Milk Alternatives: A Purchase Intention Model For Marketing Success, Anjolize Wassenaar, Elizabeth Kempen
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Within an emerging market context, the purchase of dairy free milk alternatives is not well understood. The purpose of the article is to present a model within which purchase intentions of South African emerging market consumers can be interpreted, providing marketers with information on which product positioning upon market entry and continuous marketing strategies can be developed for the growing niche ultra-heat treated (UHT) milk alternative product category. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive approach, data was gathered in-person and online from 35 participants through mini-focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Through inductive-deductive thematic data analysis, findings describe consumer purchase intention towards UHT …
Mediating Effect Of Mobile Banking Trust On Information And System Quality, Marko Van Deventer
Mediating Effect Of Mobile Banking Trust On Information And System Quality, Marko Van Deventer
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
In the context of mobile banking services, trust emerges as a pivotal factor influencing both the acceptance and utilisation of these services, significantly shaping customers' confidence in their usage. Existing literature proposes that trust operates as a mediator in the connection between customers' perceptions of the quality of information and the overall system in mobile banking.
This study aimed to investigate whether trust acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between information and system quality within the mobile banking experiences of Generation Y customers in the South African banking sector. Employing a descriptive research design, the study distributed self-administered …
Nostalgia Marketing: An Integrative Framework, Yasamin Mehdian Rad
Nostalgia Marketing: An Integrative Framework, Yasamin Mehdian Rad
University Honors Theses
Nostalgia is a longstanding yet evolving concept in marketing, employed to evoke sentimental longing for the past. It is a complex emotion that can invoke warmth, happiness, sadness, and melancholy, and can be directed towards both personal memories and imaginative pasts--times and places that one has never experienced. This dual nature of nostalgia, categorized into personal and imaginative nostalgia, offers a powerful emotional appeal that marketers leverage to influence consumer behavior. Since the 1950s, the use of nostalgia in marketing has increased significantly, allowing brands to forge deep emotional connections with consumers. Despite its prevalent use, research on nostalgia's impact …
Method Of Product Placement In Computer Games. Qualitative Research Amongst Polish Players, Magdalena Hofman-Kohlmeyer
Method Of Product Placement In Computer Games. Qualitative Research Amongst Polish Players, Magdalena Hofman-Kohlmeyer
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Nowadays, new technologies enable practitioners to create brand experience in the virtual world of computer games. Marketers use product placement to reach potential and current customers. In the meantime, computer games have become an attractive medium because they attract an increasingly wider audience of different genders and various age groups. Therefore, an important issue is to know and systematize current methods of brand placement in computer games. For the purpose, the author carried out 20 in-depth interviews with players of chosen computer games, Second Life, Euro Truck Simulator 2 and The Sims. According to the analysis, it can be distinguished …
The Role Of Augmented Reality In Improving Brand Attitude Through Perceived Enjoyment, Widyastuti Widyastuti
The Role Of Augmented Reality In Improving Brand Attitude Through Perceived Enjoyment, Widyastuti Widyastuti
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Augmented Reality is a technology that is commonly used by businesses to market their products. The technology allows customers to test products online in order to deliver a more enjoyable purchasing experience. The study is aimed at investigating the impact of vividness and perceived informativeness, as a characteristic of AR, on brand attitude through perceived enjoyment. There are 204 respondents chosen using purposive sampling technique. They are women who used Augmented Reality when purchasing cosmetics online. The study used a path analysis with the assistance of Amos software. According to the findings, perceived enjoyment can strengthen the influence of vividness …
2024, 2(19)
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Full Issue 2024, 2(19)
2024, 1(18)
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Full Issue 2024, 1(18)
Identifying Youth Appeals In Alcohol Alternative Social Media Content Through Framing, Melina Oneal
Identifying Youth Appeals In Alcohol Alternative Social Media Content Through Framing, Melina Oneal
West Chester University Master’s Theses
Proposed regulations for alcohol advertising prevent beverage companies from targeting people under the legal drinking age. However, similar regulations for alcohol alternative beverages are less explored, which could allow alcohol alternative products to create awareness for alcoholic beverages among youth. Alcohol alternatives beverages, including no-alcohol and low-alcohol products, are increasing in popularity and can function as compliments to alcoholic products to decrease the total alcohol volume consumed or as substitutes for alcoholic products. Framing theory can be operationalized through the Content Appealing to Youth Index, an index of content elements found in research literature to be appealing to youth, to …
The Body Positivity Movement: Improving Female College Students Mental Health And Body Appreciation, Emilie Conners, Lucy Matthews, Diane R. Edmondson
The Body Positivity Movement: Improving Female College Students Mental Health And Body Appreciation, Emilie Conners, Lucy Matthews, Diane R. Edmondson
Atlantic Marketing Journal
Body image concerns among college-aged women continue to be an immense issue across many college campuses. As technology advances, it has become more common for young girls and women to edit their social media photos and focus more on their flaws. Body image has a significant impact on mental and physical health; therefore, it is vital that these concerns are addressed and fought. One movement recently used as a possible way to combat this concern is the body positivity movement. However, more research is needed to understand the impact of this movement on young women. Survey data was collected via …
Digital Shopper Insights: Understanding Generational Perspectives On Mobile Commerce, Ronda G. Henderson, Kimberly Mcneil, Roland Leak Dr.
Digital Shopper Insights: Understanding Generational Perspectives On Mobile Commerce, Ronda G. Henderson, Kimberly Mcneil, Roland Leak Dr.
Atlantic Marketing Journal
The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of consumers regarding the use of smartphones to shop and to determine the extent of influence age has on their intentions to use their smartphones to shop. A quantitative, descriptive research design was conducted to examine the perceptions of consumers regarding the use of smartphone-based shopping. The findings revealed that Gen Zers, Millennials, and Gen Xers reported positive perceptions about using their smartphones to shop online. Boomers were consistently more unsure in their responses. The three generation groups (Gen Zers, Millennials, Gen Xers) agreed that using their smartphones to shop …
Built Ford Tough, Again: Does Each Generational Group Of Consumers Associate The New Ford Bronco With Positive Feelings Of Nostalgia?, Liv R. Wilson, Emily J. Plant
Built Ford Tough, Again: Does Each Generational Group Of Consumers Associate The New Ford Bronco With Positive Feelings Of Nostalgia?, Liv R. Wilson, Emily J. Plant
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
This marketing research paper investigates whether various generational groups of consumers associate the new Ford Bronco with positive feelings of nostalgia. The study conducted a comprehensive survey with 420 respondents to determine the extent of nostalgia evoked by new Ford Bronco advertisements among consumers of different age groups. The results of the research suggest a strong and affirmative response to the new Ford Bronco advertisements across all generational cohorts. This implies that the marketing strategy employed by Ford effectively taps into a universal sense of nostalgia, transcending generational boundaries. This finding underscores the brand's ability to connect with consumers of …
Honors Project Hartville Potato Chips (Final) - College Of Business - Team 5 (Marketing Partnerchip), Isabela Schroeter, Justin Kriess, Trent Thomas, Devin Maddox, Irina Hacck, Jake Lubic
Honors Project Hartville Potato Chips (Final) - College Of Business - Team 5 (Marketing Partnerchip), Isabela Schroeter, Justin Kriess, Trent Thomas, Devin Maddox, Irina Hacck, Jake Lubic
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
TO EXPAND THE HARTVILLE POTATO CHIP COMPANY BRAND IN A WAY THAT WILL CREATE A UNIQUE POSITION IN THE MIND OF THE CONSUMER.
Management Of Operations In Projects Including Planning, Organization And Control From The Beginning To The End Of Implementation, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc
Management Of Operations In Projects Including Planning, Organization And Control From The Beginning To The End Of Implementation, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc
International Journal of Business and Technology
The project usually arises as soon as the client’s need is identified, and goes through all the extensive phases and sub-phases to take its true form and put into operation. The project is divided into two main parts that include Planning and Implementation that are separate in these stages: definition, planning, organization, control, completion. Planning involves a detailed calculation of the project. This includes known facts, admissible facts and risk calculation. Activity model used by IKOMs Planning as a process involves the cost that accompanies it. The manager must strike the balance between cost and benefit. Project control uses data …
Project Planning And Control, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc
Project Planning And Control, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc
International Journal of Business and Technology
Operations management is important because it relates to the creation of products and services on which we are all dependent. Operations management is also quite motivating; operations are the center of many changes that affect business - changes in customer preferences, changes in the supply chain caused by technologies based on the businesses where we work, where we want to work and so on.
Operations Management includes the role of operations management, the various characteristics of processes, management activities, the responsibilities of managers, and the timely evolution of Operations Management.
Operations Management is a constant change, fostering creativity which allows …
Management Of Small Enterprises And Family Businesses In The Republic Of Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
Management Of Small Enterprises And Family Businesses In The Republic Of Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
International Journal of Business and Technology
Small businesses represent the driving force of an economy. They are the key that enables the production and marketing of thousands of products and services thus becoming the basis for a sound economic development. Consequently, small businesses are of vital importance to the economy.
Small business is a generator of innovation and a source of new jobs. The trend shows that small businesses are the backbone of all developments and movements in the economic system.
The small business scope is present in almost every pore of social and economic life.
According to the Statistical Register for Businesses, there are 9,358 …
The Process Of Adapting Innovations In Banking Services By Businesses In Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
The Process Of Adapting Innovations In Banking Services By Businesses In Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
International Journal of Business and Technology
This dissertation addresses the importance of a business model from businesses in Kosovo, which is able to adapt innovations from the banking sector such as digital services, and through which become part of a global market where such developments occur step by step. very fast At the beginning of this paper will be given definitions related to the main concepts that are addressed such as business model, innovations in banking services - digitalization of services and the role and importance of linking a business model with banking services of the time. After the theoretical part, from which the main concepts …
The Process Of Adapting Innovations In Banking Services By Businesses In Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
The Process Of Adapting Innovations In Banking Services By Businesses In Kosovo, Burim Isa Berisha Dr.Sc, Burim Berisha B.B
International Journal of Business and Technology
This dissertation addresses the importance of a business model from businesses in Kosovo, which is able to adapt innovations from the banking sector such as digital services, and through which become part of a global market where such developments occur step by step. very fast At the beginning of this paper will be given definitions related to the main concepts that are addressed such as business model, innovations in banking services - digitalization of services and the role and importance of linking a business model with banking services of the time. After the theoretical part, from which the main concepts …
Chatgpt Unveiled: Unleashing Ai Magic In Online Shopping And Digital Marketing, Jianping Huang, Mark J. Sciuchetti Dr.
Chatgpt Unveiled: Unleashing Ai Magic In Online Shopping And Digital Marketing, Jianping Huang, Mark J. Sciuchetti Dr.
Atlantic Marketing Journal
This research paper explores the use of AI, specifically ChatGPT, in interactive activities within
online shopping and digital marketing. The paper examines the potential of AI-powered chatbots
to enhance customer engagement, personalization, and marketing effectiveness. Through a
literature review, case studies, and user feedback analysis, the research highlights the benefits of
AI chatbots in providing real-time assistance, personalized recommendations, and improved
customer experiences. The paper also addresses ethical and privacy concerns associated with AI
implementation and discusses future research directions. The findings are expected to suggest
that AI-powered chatbots have the potential to revolutionize online shopping and digital
marketing by …
Gender And Socio-Economic Differencesin South African Consumers’ Sentimentstoward Marketing Practices, Thérèse Roux
Gender And Socio-Economic Differencesin South African Consumers’ Sentimentstoward Marketing Practices, Thérèse Roux
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Studies on modern consumers’ sentiments toward marketing in an emerging market context are vital. This paper compares demographic diff erences in South African consumers’ sentiment toward marketing. Data were collected via a survey with 444 diverse consumers residing in the Tshwane metropolitan area. The fi ndings revealed that South African males are signifi cantly less satisfi ed with marketing communication practices compared to females. Consumers earning lower income were signifi cantly less positive towards marketing in general as well as product quality, price, and selling practices. Afrikaans-speaking consumers’ attitudes were less positive towards marketing communication. The fi nding can guide …
Gauging The Effect Of Buyer Vs. Seller Initiation Of Customer Value Creation On Buyer Loyalty In Large B2b Sales Relationships, George Talbert, Earl D. Honeycutt Jr., Subhashish Samaddar
Gauging The Effect Of Buyer Vs. Seller Initiation Of Customer Value Creation On Buyer Loyalty In Large B2b Sales Relationships, George Talbert, Earl D. Honeycutt Jr., Subhashish Samaddar
Engaged Management ReView
This study addresses two central questions: Is it important to determine whether the salesperson or the buyer initiates value creation in large business-to-business (B2B) selling environments? Furthermore, does the mode of initiation – buyer or seller – later influence customer attitudes toward the sales interaction? Value creation is necessary for large B2B sales situations because customized solutions often are required to meet customer needs. This empirical study compares buyer and seller initiators of value creation in B2B dealings and analyzes which actor most positively affects customer perceptions. In a study of 142 senior-level managers at buyer organizations
who participated in …
New Technologies In The Field Of Sensory Marketing And Customer Experience: A Systematic Literature Review, Dawid Gajda
New Technologies In The Field Of Sensory Marketing And Customer Experience: A Systematic Literature Review, Dawid Gajda
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Nowadays, we are noticing more and more new technological solutions that fit into the field of sensory marketing, the implementation of which is in a relatively preliminary stage. They are intended to improve customer experience. The main objective of the research is to determine the main topics covered in the literature. This article covers a systematic literature review of research conducted to date on new technologies that are part of the field of sensory marketing related to customer experience. The research search was based on two databases: Scopus and Web of Science Core Collections. Studies conducted between 2007 and May …
Happy Campers Or Unhappy Prisoners: How Materialism Punishes Us In Lockdown Times, Banwari Mittal
Happy Campers Or Unhappy Prisoners: How Materialism Punishes Us In Lockdown Times, Banwari Mittal
Atlantic Marketing Journal
COVID-19 and the resulting lockdowns created an unprecedented upheaval in consumers’ daily lives and lifestyles. The purpose of this research was to understand the psychological experience of life under lockdowns and the role of individual difference variables in that experience. Using survey data from U.S. consumers, the research identified two opposite feelings, coexisting: happy camper feeling or unhappy prisoner feeling. Younger, lower income, and less educated consumers felt more like prisoners than campers. Ability to maintain life as usual, and positive pre-pandemic life conditions (health, social network, and job satisfaction) led to happy camper feelings. In contrast, pre-pandemic materialism led …
Exploring The Impact Of Negative Words Used In Online Feedback In Hotel Industry: A Sentiment Analysis, N-Gram, And Text Network Analysis Approach, Daniel Dan
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
This study examines the words and situations that trigger and those that do not trigger a hotel response when customers post negative online feedback. The research explores, through sentiment analysis, bigrams, trigrams, and word networking, the valence of online reviews of five important hotels in Las Vegas. Only the feedback that has been categorized as negative by the algorithm is selected. In correspondence to this feedback, the existence of answers from the hotels is checked together with the response style. While the negative valence of the feedback can represent a mixture of subjective and objective emotions, there are common features …
Predicting Mobility Using Limited Data During Early Stages Of A Pandemic, Michael T. Lash, S. Sajeesh, Özgür M. Araz
Predicting Mobility Using Limited Data During Early Stages Of A Pandemic, Michael T. Lash, S. Sajeesh, Özgür M. Araz
Department of Marketing: Faculty Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer behavior substantially. In this study, we explore the drivers of consumer mobility in several metropolitan areas in the United States under the perceived risks of COVID-19. We capture multiple dimensions of perceived risk using local and national cases and death counts of COVID-19, along with real-time Google Trends data for personal protective equipment (PPE). While Google Trends data are popular inputs in many studies, the risk of multicollinearity escalates with the addition of more relevant terms. Therefore, multicollinearity-alleviating methods are needed to appropriately leverage information provided by Google Trends data. We develop and utilize …
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Towards Recycled Products, Sherine Esmat
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Towards Recycled Products, Sherine Esmat
Theses and Dissertations
The work executed addresses the status of recycling industry in Egypt and its relation to the current sustainability trends as well as climate change issues. It also identifies the main concerns of consumers when purchasing recycled products. Consequently, identifies the key pillars that need to be applied or communicated with the target consumers to enhance the concept of selling recycled products and increase its market share. Since this industry is significantly broad, the focus of the study was only on recycled PET plastic bottles (rPET), this is to ensure attaining accurate and reliable results.
An interview and a site visit …
Implementing A Short-Term Field-Based Experiential Learning Activity: The Retail Scavenger Hunt, Pam Richardson, Rebeca Perren
Implementing A Short-Term Field-Based Experiential Learning Activity: The Retail Scavenger Hunt, Pam Richardson, Rebeca Perren
Atlantic Marketing Journal
This article introduces the Retail Scavenger Hunt (RSH)—a short-term field-based experiential learning activity. This flexible pedagogical tool enables students to experience first-hand what is commonly referred to in the consumer-packaged goods industry as “the store check.” Although initially designed as an instructor-led activity, the authors adapted the exercise during the pandemic to be executed as a self-directed, app-based field activity. As a result, this research can compare student impressions across implementation modes.