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Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

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Full-Text Articles in Marketing

More Voices Persuade: The Attentional Benefits Of Voice Numerosity, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay Aug 2023

More Voices Persuade: The Attentional Benefits Of Voice Numerosity, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors posit that in an initial exposure to a broadcast video, hearing different voices narrate (in succession) a persuasive message encourages consumers’ attention and processing of the message, thereby facilitating persuasion; this is referred to as “the voice numerosity effect.” Across four studies (plus validation and replication studies)—including two large-scale, real-world datasets (with more than 11,000 crowdfunding videos and over 3.6 million customer transactions, and more than 1,600 video ads) and two controlled experiments (with over 1,800 participants)—the results provide support for the hypothesized effect. The effect (1) has consequential, economic implications in a real-world marketplace, (2) is more …


Managing The Creative Frontier Of Generative Ai: The Novelty-Usefulness Tradeoff, Anirban. Mukherjee, Hannah H. Chang Jul 2023

Managing The Creative Frontier Of Generative Ai: The Novelty-Usefulness Tradeoff, Anirban. Mukherjee, Hannah H. Chang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this paper, drawing inspiration from the human creativity literature, we explore the optimal balance between novelty and usefulness in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. We posit that overemphasizing either aspect can lead to limitations such as hallucinations and memorization. Hallucinations, characterized by AI responses containing random inaccuracies or falsehoods, emerge when models prioritize novelty over usefulness. Memorization, where AI models reproduce content from their training data, results from an excessive focus on usefulness, potentially limiting creativity. To address these challenges, we propose a framework that includes domain-specific analysis, data and transfer learning, user preferences and customization, custom evaluation metrics, …


The Persuasive Design Of Ai-Synthesized Voices, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee May 2023

The Persuasive Design Of Ai-Synthesized Voices, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We investigate the impact of AI-based, machine-synthesized narrating voices on consumer cognitions and behavior in media-rich environment. Across four studies (plus pretests), we show that the design of AI voices systematically and predictably affects consumer cognition and behavior. Specifically, the designs of AI voices have differential effects in early versus later stages of consumer purchase journey. In situations where the consumers’ attention is already directed to the message, we find that marcomm with more AI voices generates a smaller proportion of favorable thoughts, which leads to a lower purchase likelihood. These results support our conceptualization that hearing more AI voices …


Smart Vending Machines: The Minimarts In The Near Future?, Ramaswami, S. May 2023

Smart Vending Machines: The Minimarts In The Near Future?, Ramaswami, S.

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In a commentary, SMU Associate Professor of Marketing (Education) Seshan Ramaswami discussed how the vending machine has stood the test of time even as e-commerce shook the retail industry. He noted the advantages of the vending machine and how it could be an alternative to a brick-and-mortar store and become the minimart of the future. Assoc Prof Ramaswami believes vending machines could get smarter and better as companies have begun using artificial intelligence to build smart vending machines to provide more personalised and interactive features for customers.


Does Disclosure Of Advertising Spending Help Investors And Analysts?, Sungkyun Moon, Kapil R. Tuli, Anirban Mukherjee May 2023

Does Disclosure Of Advertising Spending Help Investors And Analysts?, Sungkyun Moon, Kapil R. Tuli, Anirban Mukherjee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Publicly listed firms have the discretion to disclose (or not) advertising spending in their annual (10-K) reports. The disclosure of advertising spending can provide valuable information because advertising is a leading indicator of future performance. However, estimates of advertising spending are available from data providers, arguably mitigating the need for its formal disclosure. This study argues that firms’ disclosure of advertising spending provides more complete and public information and therefore lowers investor uncertainty about future firm performance (idiosyncratic risk). Empirical analyses show this effect is largely driven by the negative effect of disclosure of advertising spending on analyst uncertainty. Consistent …


Covid Time: How Quarantine Affects Feelings Of Elapsed Time, Minju Han, Guy Voichek, Gal Zauberman Apr 2023

Covid Time: How Quarantine Affects Feelings Of Elapsed Time, Minju Han, Guy Voichek, Gal Zauberman

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The lockdowns imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly upended people's lives and daily structure. In this survey of 1,506 Americans conducted in June 2020, we test how quarantine affects feelings of elapsed time (the subjective temporal distance from an event). We find that feelings of elapsed time are determined either by how people spent their time in quarantine or by how much time since an event was spent in quarantine, depending on whether people are still in quarantine at the time of evaluation. Specifically, whether people quarantined alone and the extent to which they maintained a temporal structure …


The Future Of Private Label Markets: A Global Convergence Approach, Katrijn Gielens, Marnik G. Dekimpe, Anirban Mukherjee, Kapil R. Tuli Mar 2023

The Future Of Private Label Markets: A Global Convergence Approach, Katrijn Gielens, Marnik G. Dekimpe, Anirban Mukherjee, Kapil R. Tuli

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Private-label (PL) shares are characterized by considerable heterogeneity across both countries and categories, not only in their current level, but also in the rate at which they are growing. This creates ambiguity about their remaining growth potential. To offer insights into the likely long-run PL shares, we take a forward-looking perspective by means of a convergence model. We apply the model to two unique datasets that together span more than 50 countries, both emerging and developed, across more than70 CPG categories. We find evidence of partial PL convergence: even though PL shares will become more similar, part of the currently …


Boosting Persuasion: The Attention Benefits Of Multiple Narrating Voices, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay Feb 2023

Boosting Persuasion: The Attention Benefits Of Multiple Narrating Voices, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The "Voice Numerosity Effect”: When hearing different voices narrating a marketing video facilitates persuasion. In a forthcoming paper in the Journal of Marketing Research, we investigate the role of voice (narrator) numerosity in marketing videos (Chang, Mukherjee, and Chattopadhyay 2022). For example, consider the following two real-life examples: a product video introducing Apple’s AirPods Max had two narrating voices while a product video introducing Apple’s new Macbook Pro had a single narrating voice. Does the difference in the number of narrating voices influence consumers’ attention and subsequent behaviour?


Commentaries On “Scale Use And Abuse: Toward Best Practices In The Deployment Of Scales”, Constantine S. Katsikeas, Shilpa Madan, C. Miguel Brendl, Bobby J. Calder, Donald R. Lehmann, Hans Baumgartner, Bert Weijters, Mo Wang, Chengquan Huang, Joel Huber Jan 2023

Commentaries On “Scale Use And Abuse: Toward Best Practices In The Deployment Of Scales”, Constantine S. Katsikeas, Shilpa Madan, C. Miguel Brendl, Bobby J. Calder, Donald R. Lehmann, Hans Baumgartner, Bert Weijters, Mo Wang, Chengquan Huang, Joel Huber

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Five comments below provide strong and interesting perspectives on multi-item scale use. They define contexts and research areas where developed scales are valuable and where they are vulnerable. Katsikeas and Madan begin by taking a global perspective on scale use, demonstrating how the use and transferability of scales become even more problematic as researchers move across languages and cultures. They provide guidance for scale use that is particularly relevant to international marketing and marketing strategy research. Brendl and Calder acknowledge the use of well-formed scales as measured variables in psychological experiments, both as independent and dependent variables, but critique the …


Optimal Channel Strategy Of Luxury Brands In The Presence Of Online Marketplace And Copycats, Sarah Yini Gao, Wei Shi Lim, Ziqiu Ye Dec 2022

Optimal Channel Strategy Of Luxury Brands In The Presence Of Online Marketplace And Copycats, Sarah Yini Gao, Wei Shi Lim, Ziqiu Ye

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The strategic interaction between authentic luxury brands and their copycats has evolved since the proliferation of online marketplaces. Using a game-theoretic framework, we examine how an authentic luxury brand, observing the strategic behavior of its competing copycats, should make its optimal entry decision to a third-party online marketplace. Our findings reveal that the authentic luxury brand does not sell on the online marketplace when either the quality or the physical resemblance of the copycat to the authentic luxury brand is high. This contributes to the related literature by offering an explanation for the increasing quality of copycats amid the e-commerce …


The Impact Of Subscription Programs On Customer Purchases, Raghu Iyengar, Young-Hoon Park, Qi Yu Dec 2022

The Impact Of Subscription Programs On Customer Purchases, Raghu Iyengar, Young-Hoon Park, Qi Yu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Subscription programs have become increasingly popular among a wide variety of retailers and marketplace platforms. Subscription programs give members access to a set of exclusive benefits for a fixed fee upfront. In this paper, we examine the causal effect of a subscription program on customer behavior. To account for self-selection and identify the individual-level treatment effects, we combine a difference-in-differences approach with a generalized random forests procedure that matches each member of the subscription program with comparable non-members. We find subscription leads to a large increase in customer purchases. The effect of subscription is economically significant, persistent over time, and …


Ethical Branding In A Divided World: How Political Orientation Motivates Reactions To Marketplace Transgressions, Thomas Allard, Brent Mcferran Oct 2022

Ethical Branding In A Divided World: How Political Orientation Motivates Reactions To Marketplace Transgressions, Thomas Allard, Brent Mcferran

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In today's marketplace, users (e.g., purchasers, influencers) are increasingly the “face” of brands to potential consumers, increasing the risk for brands should these users act poorly. Across seven studies, we document that political orientation moderates the desire for punishment toward users of ethical (vs. conventional) brands who commit moral transgressions. In response to identical marketplace transgressions, we observe that liberals punish ethical brand users less than conventional brand users. In contrast, conservatives punish the same users of ethical brands more than conventional brand users. We document that this bias stems from how people interpret the inconsistency between the ethical branding …


The Disappearing Convenience Of Convenience Stores, Ramaswami, S. Oct 2022

The Disappearing Convenience Of Convenience Stores, Ramaswami, S.

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The article describes post-Covid challenges to the convenience store format in Singapore, and the ways in which some of these challenges can be mitigated.


A Consumer Perspective On Managing The Consequences Of Chain Liability, Julia Hartmann, Sebastian Forkmann, Sabine Benoit, Stephan C. Henneberg Oct 2022

A Consumer Perspective On Managing The Consequences Of Chain Liability, Julia Hartmann, Sebastian Forkmann, Sabine Benoit, Stephan C. Henneberg

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Consumers tend to hold a focal firm responsible for its suppliers' unsustainable practices (chain liability), suggesting that firms need effective responses that can mitigate negative consumer reactions. In applying psychological contract theory to investigate recovery efforts related to such chain liability, the current study addresses three broad focal firm responses: Do nothing, choose a nonsubstantive response that verbally clarifies its own and the supplier's roles in the incident, or substantively rectify the supplier's wrongdoing with sustainability-focused responses, such as termination, monitoring or development. With a vignette-based experiment, we examine consumer perceptions and behaviors in three stages: before the unsustainable supplier …


The Differential Effects Of Csr And Csi On Consumer Willingness To Pay: Implications For Service Providers And Retailers, Sabine Benoit, Julia Hartmann, Christina Sichtmann, Martin Wetzels Oct 2022

The Differential Effects Of Csr And Csi On Consumer Willingness To Pay: Implications For Service Providers And Retailers, Sabine Benoit, Julia Hartmann, Christina Sichtmann, Martin Wetzels

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Service providers and retailers reselling branded have the discretion to set and adapt prices according to customers’ willingness to pay (WTP). Research often notes markup effects, such that WTP increases in response to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and markdown effects, lowering their WTP for corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Theory suggests attitude changes to (negative) CSI are stronger than to (positive) CSR, but the extent and whether this difference holds for WTP and across various product types are unknown. Using experimental data, an incentive-compatible measure, and an actual purchase, this article reports on three studies that show that consumers mark up …


Innovation In The Sharing Economy: A Framework And Future Research Agenda, Sabine Benoit, Yonggui Wang, Lefa Teng, Daniel P. Hampson, Xia Li Oct 2022

Innovation In The Sharing Economy: A Framework And Future Research Agenda, Sabine Benoit, Yonggui Wang, Lefa Teng, Daniel P. Hampson, Xia Li

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The sharing economy (SE) has been variously described as a disruptive, discontinuous, and social innovation. Now, more than a decade since the emergence of seminal platforms such as Airbnb, and amid heightened competition and macroenvironmental pressures, service innovation has become a strategic priority. Our editorial essay is guided by three objectives. First, as a prelude to this Special Issue, we examine the current state of SE service innovation literature. Despite some important contributions, especially in relation to business model innovation, other salient types of service innovation remain underexplored. Second, we position the contributions of the 13 papers in this Special …


Misunderstood Menu Metrics: Side-Length Food Sizing Leads To Quantity Underestimation And Overeating, Thomas Allard, Stefano Puntoni Oct 2022

Misunderstood Menu Metrics: Side-Length Food Sizing Leads To Quantity Underestimation And Overeating, Thomas Allard, Stefano Puntoni

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This research highlights consumers' failure to understand food sizing communicated using side-length metrics (e.g., 12-inch pizza, 8-inch cake, 2-inch cookie), which are ubiquitous in menus and online interfaces. A series of studies show that describing food size options using side-length metrics leads to food quantity underestimation and food intakes misaligned with consumers' objectives. This robust effect arises because of a linearization heuristic where people do not adequately adjust for the exponential difference in the surface area associated with linear changes in side-length metrics. Choice architecture interventions that replace side-length information with metrics varying linearly with quantities (e.g., surface area, numbers …


Artificial Intelligence, Consumers, And The Experience Economy, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee Oct 2022

Artificial Intelligence, Consumers, And The Experience Economy, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first used by McCarthy, Minsky, Rochester, and Shannon in a proposal for a summer research project in 1955 (Solomonoff, 1985). It is widely and commonly defined to be “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines” (McCarthy, 2006). Recent technological advances and methodological developments have made AI pervasive in new marketing offerings, ranging from self-driving cars, intelligent voice assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, to burger-making robots at restaurants and rack-moving robots inside warehouses such as Amazon’s family of robots (Kiva, Pegasus, Xanthus) and delivery drones. There is optimism, and perhaps even over-optimism, of the …


Using Machine Learning To Extract Insights From Consumer Data, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee Oct 2022

Using Machine Learning To Extract Insights From Consumer Data, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Advances in digital technology have led to the digitization of everyday activities of billions of people around the world, generating vast amounts of data on human behavior. From what people buy, to what information they search for, to how they navigate the social, digital, and physical world, human behavior can now be measured at a scale and level of precision that human history has not witnessed before. These developments have created unprecedented opportunities for those interested in understanding observable human behavior–social scientists, businesses, and policymakers—to (re)examine theoretical and substantive questions regarding people’s behavior. Moreover, technology has led to the emergence …


The Breadth Of Normative Standards: Antecedents And Consequences For Individuals And Organizations, Shilpa Madan, Shankha Basu, Sharon Ng, Krishna Savani Sep 2022

The Breadth Of Normative Standards: Antecedents And Consequences For Individuals And Organizations, Shilpa Madan, Shankha Basu, Sharon Ng, Krishna Savani

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Normative standards refer to ideals to which people, products, and organizations are held. The present research (N = 2,224) investigates a novel construct—the breadth of normative standards, or the number of criteria that normative standards need to meet. Using archival and primary data in both organizational and consumer contexts, Studies 1–2 found that Indians’ and Singaporeans’ normative standards in several domains (e.g., a good job, a good body wash) needed to satisfy more criteria than those of Americans and the British. Using incentive-compatible designs, Studies 3–5 identified two downstream consequences of broader normative standards; decision-makers with broader standards pay greater …


Reaching For Rigor And Relevance: Better Marketing Research For A Better World, Shilpa Madan, Et. Al. Sep 2022

Reaching For Rigor And Relevance: Better Marketing Research For A Better World, Shilpa Madan, Et. Al.

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Over the past several decades, scholars have highlighted the obligations and opportunities for marketing as a discipline to play a role in creating a better world — or risk becoming irrelevant for the largest problems facing consumers and society. This paper provides a framework to enhance the relevance and rigor of research in marketing that not only contributes new knowledge to science, but also makes a positive difference in the world. To that end, we urge authors and reviewers to foster cross-fertilization from different theoretical and methodological silos, bolster robustness through multiple methods, and expand the domain of research to …


Communication In The Gig Economy: Buying And Selling In Online Freelance Marketplaces, Stephan Ludwig, Dennis Herhausen, Dhruv Grewal, Liliana Bove, Sabine Benoit, Ko De Ruyter, Peter Urwin Jul 2022

Communication In The Gig Economy: Buying And Selling In Online Freelance Marketplaces, Stephan Ludwig, Dennis Herhausen, Dhruv Grewal, Liliana Bove, Sabine Benoit, Ko De Ruyter, Peter Urwin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The proliferating gig economy relies on online freelance marketplaces, which support relatively anonymous interactions through text-based messages. Informational asymmetries thus arise that can lead to exchange uncertainties between buyers and freelancers. Conventional marketing thought recommends reducing such uncertainty. However, uncertainty reduction and uncertainty management theories indicate that buyers and freelancers might benefit more from balancing-rather than reducing-uncertainty, such as by strategically adhering to or deviating from common communication principles. With dyadic analyses of calls for bids and bids from a leading online freelance marketplace, this study reveals that buyers attract more bids from freelancers when they provide moderate degrees of …


Countercyclical Marketing During Recessions, Nirmalya Kumar Jul 2022

Countercyclical Marketing During Recessions, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Nirmalya Kumar argues that during recessions, firms should fight against their instinct to reduce marketing outlays. Instead, a large body of academic research demonstrates that firms investing in countercyclical marketing perform better both during, and immediately after, the economic downturn.


Designing Persuasive Crowdfunding Videos, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay May 2022

Designing Persuasive Crowdfunding Videos, Hannah H. Chang, Anirban Mukherjee, Amitava Chattopadhyay

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Voiceover narration is a production technique commonly used in reward-based crowdfunding videos. We posit that in these videos, hearing more narrator voices describing the crowdfunding product can systematically influence consumers’ attention and processing of the message, thereby facilitating persuasion. We employed a multi-method approach, including experimentation, natural language processing, text mining, and machine learning. Results across four studies—including real-world datasets and controlled experiments—show that the effect (1) has consequential, economic implications in a real-world marketplace, (2) is more pronounced when the message is easier to comprehend, and (3) is more pronounced when consumers have the capacity to process the narrated …


History Matters: The Impact Of Online Customer Reviews Across Product Generations, Linyi Li, Shyam Gopinath, Stephen J. Carson May 2022

History Matters: The Impact Of Online Customer Reviews Across Product Generations, Linyi Li, Shyam Gopinath, Stephen J. Carson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We examine how online customer reviews for one generation of a product affect sales of another generation in the same product series. The main intriguing result is that previous generation valence has a positive impact on current generation sales; however, current generation valence has a negative impact on previous generation sales. The positive impact of previous generation valence becomes even stronger (1) as the uncertainty (standard deviation) in reviews for the current generation increases and (2) when the current generation valence is high. In contrast, it becomes weaker (1) as the uncertainty in reviews for the previous generation increases and …


Shareholder Wealth Implications Of Software Firms' Transition To Cloud Computing: A Marketing Perspective, Mehdi Nezami, Kapil R. Tuli, Shantanu Dutta May 2022

Shareholder Wealth Implications Of Software Firms' Transition To Cloud Computing: A Marketing Perspective, Mehdi Nezami, Kapil R. Tuli, Shantanu Dutta

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Moving into cloud computing represents a major marketing shift because it replaces on-premises offerings requiring large, up-front payments with hosted computing resources made available on-demand on a pay-per-use pricing scheme. However, little is known about the effect of this shift on cloud vendors' financial performance. This study draws on a longitudinal data set of 435 publicly listed business-to-business (B2B) firms within the computer software and services industries to investigate, from the vendors' perspective, the shareholder wealth effect of transitioning to the cloud. Using a value relevance model, we find that an unanticipated increase in the cloud ratio (i.e., the share …


Collaboration Scope And Product Innovation In B2b Markets: Are There Too Many Cooks Or Is It The Customer Who Spoils The Broth?, Erik Mooi, Ernst C. Osinga, Carlos D. Santos Apr 2022

Collaboration Scope And Product Innovation In B2b Markets: Are There Too Many Cooks Or Is It The Customer Who Spoils The Broth?, Erik Mooi, Ernst C. Osinga, Carlos D. Santos

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Purpose: Product innovations are often the result of combinations of internal and external knowledge. A significant amount of Open Innovation literature has argued that working with external partners can be beneficial, in particular when this is complemented by internal R&D yet a wholesale shift to Open Innovation has not occurred. Our work demonstrates two new limits of openness, grounded in attention-based theory, that help explain why such a shift has not occurred. We argue that specific combinations of identities a firm collaborates with, i.e., whether a partner is classified as a customer, supplier, competitor, or university and/or technological center predictably …


Your Loyalty Program Might Be Losing You Money, Raghuram Iyengar, Young-Hoon Park, Qi Yu Apr 2022

Your Loyalty Program Might Be Losing You Money, Raghuram Iyengar, Young-Hoon Park, Qi Yu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

From Amazon Prime to Panera Bread’s Unlimited Sip Club, loyalty programs have become commonplace in a wide variety of industries. However, despite their popularity, it’s not always clear whether these programs are actually profitable. The authors analyzed data from 24,000 customers at a large Asian retailer to explore the various factors that can drive a program’s profitability, and identified three takeaways to help managers ensure their subscription programs are a net positive: They recommend that managers should go beyond averages and analyze trends on an individual level, measure the underlying factors that drive changes in revenues, and remember to account …


Mapping Consumer's Cross-Device Usage For Online Search: Mobile- Vs. Pc-Based Search In The Purchase Decision Process, Sangman Han, Jin K. Han, Il Im, Sung In Jung, Jung Won Lee Mar 2022

Mapping Consumer's Cross-Device Usage For Online Search: Mobile- Vs. Pc-Based Search In The Purchase Decision Process, Sangman Han, Jin K. Han, Il Im, Sung In Jung, Jung Won Lee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The ubiquity of both mobile devices and PC’s has enabled the modern-day consumer to engage in cross-platform online searches as a new norm. The accumulated knowledge on cross-device search behavior to date, however, emanates largely from industry reports and at an aggregate level. To better understand the individual consumer’s purchase decision process, we set out to investigate contingencies of what (subject of search), how (device of choice), and when (stage in the buying decision). To this end, we utilize a panel data consisting of clickstream from mobile and PC searches, coupled with entropy-based metric to chart the breadth and depth …


How Augmented Reality Can - And Can't - Help Your Brand, Chandukala, Sandeep R., Karempudi Srinivas Reddy, Yong-Chin Tan Mar 2022

How Augmented Reality Can - And Can't - Help Your Brand, Chandukala, Sandeep R., Karempudi Srinivas Reddy, Yong-Chin Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Customers want AR. But managers must have a proper understanding of how AR can help their brand before they invest in the technology. AR helps in entertaining and educating customers while also aiding them in evaluating products. AR can also promote online channel adoption while also encouraging category expansion. AR also benefits products that are less popular, less mainstream, and more expensive. But AR can also be expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to implement. Despite consumer demand, retailers must understand the costs and challenges associated with AR adoption before embarking on significant projects.