Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Marketing Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Universitas Indonesia

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 181 - 210 of 234

Full-Text Articles in Marketing

Country Of Origin Effect And Animosity On The Attitude And Purchase Intention Of Foreign Products, Ramadania Ramadania, Sri Gunawan, Jamaliah Jamaliah Nov 2021

Country Of Origin Effect And Animosity On The Attitude And Purchase Intention Of Foreign Products, Ramadania Ramadania, Sri Gunawan, Jamaliah Jamaliah

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The purpose of this study is to examine COO effect and Animosity on the attitude and purchase intention of foreign products in ethnic subculture within a country. This research is tested in Malay and Chinese ethnic subculture in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The categories of product are foods from Malaysia. Sample in this study is 435 respondents, consists of 218 Malay respondents from Ma-lay and 217 Chinese respondents. The collection of data was using non probability sampling method by combining accidental and snowball sampling. Data analysis uses structural equation modeling (SEM) Multi-group.The results show that, there is a positive influence of …


The Impact Of Satisfaction And Trust On Loyalty Of E-Commerce Customers, Mochammad Auditya Brilliant, Adrian Achyar Nov 2021

The Impact Of Satisfaction And Trust On Loyalty Of E-Commerce Customers, Mochammad Auditya Brilliant, Adrian Achyar

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The number of Internet users in Indonesia and e-commerce sales is growing. However, Indonesia is less active in e-commerce research compared to other Asian countries, and existing studies cover limited area. The purpose of this study is identifying the impact of customer satisfaction and trust on loyalty in e-commerce and identifying the factors that influence satisfaction. The results are that information quality affects trust and that trust affects loyalty. E-commerce websites should focus on delivering trusted information on product quality, which will lead to greater customer trust, and greater trust will lead to greater loyalty to the websites


Influence Of Intuition And Capability On Accelerated Product Development In Big-Medium Scaled Food Companies In Indonesia, Pepey Riawati Kurnia Nov 2021

Influence Of Intuition And Capability On Accelerated Product Development In Big-Medium Scaled Food Companies In Indonesia, Pepey Riawati Kurnia

ASEAN Marketing Journal

To face the pressure of competition, more and more companies perform accelerated product development by shortening the product development time so that the product will arrive at the market at the shortest time. Food industry has also performed accelerated product development. Using evolution theory, contingency theory, market-based view, and resource-based view a research model has been built. Results of the research’s initial identification show that food industry in Indonesia is in growth level towards maturity level. Meanwhile, competition in the food industry is in moderate level towards hypercompetition level. Tactics of accelerated product development often carried out is by simplifying …


Relationship Between Social Media For Social Marketing In Family Planning, Ardiansyah Ardiansyah Nov 2021

Relationship Between Social Media For Social Marketing In Family Planning, Ardiansyah Ardiansyah

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This research aims to examine the influence of marketing mix carried out media performance social media portal on attitude towards a social marketing program,and its relationship with source credibility of the portal. This study was focused on "Generasi Berencana" Program (Generation with Plan Program, a program aimed at educating the youth on family planning) The Research employed Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). Based on data from 150 respondents it can be concluded that in social marketing programs, source credibility, engagement, word of mouth have positive influence on the formation of behavior, but awareness of a program is not found to influence …


A Emprical Investigation On Service Failure And Recovery At Retailing Bank In Vietnam, Tu Van Binh, Nguyen Tran Phuong Vi Nov 2021

A Emprical Investigation On Service Failure And Recovery At Retailing Bank In Vietnam, Tu Van Binh, Nguyen Tran Phuong Vi

ASEAN Marketing Journal

To identify factors affecting satisfaction with service recovery of banking sector and overall satisfaction, together with the effect of customersatisfaction on repurchase intent and word-of-mouth intent in the banking in Vietnam, a survey is conducted on 215 customers.Those respondents, who are buying services from the bank, namely Vietnamese Local Bank (VLB), have experienced in service failure and service recovery in their transaction with VLB, and lived in Ho Chi Minh City. Structural equation model (SEM) is employed to estimate the theoretical model and to test hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that distributive justice positively impact customer satisfaction with …


The Effect Of Store Image And Service Quality On Private Label Brand Image And Purchase Intention. Case Study: Lotte Mart Gandaria City, Nosica Rizkalla, Leis Suzanawaty Nov 2021

The Effect Of Store Image And Service Quality On Private Label Brand Image And Purchase Intention. Case Study: Lotte Mart Gandaria City, Nosica Rizkalla, Leis Suzanawaty

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Retailers produce their own private label brand as a strategy to distinguish their products from competitors’. Based on previous research, store image and service quality can be used to improve private label brand image and purchase intention. A Research is conducted at Lotte Mart, Gandaria City Mall in Jakarta to find out whether store image and service quality could influence private label brand image and purchase intention. This research adopts Wu et.al.'s framework (2010). Data processing uses Structure Equation Modeling. Research outcome reveals that service quality is a significant factor in influencing private label brand image and purchase intention.


The Motivation Of Poor Community In Using Mobile Phone: An Effort To Improve Quality Of Life, Hapsari Setyowardhani Nov 2021

The Motivation Of Poor Community In Using Mobile Phone: An Effort To Improve Quality Of Life, Hapsari Setyowardhani

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The general objective of this research is to determine the primary motivation of the poor in the use of mobile telephone. The data collection was conducted by selecting 300 respondents which have income below minimum regional wage (or Upah Minimum Regional/UMR), living in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang,or Bekasi, and have at least one person as dependants.This study found that in general, the impact of mobile phone use on overall life quality is affected by perception of mobile phone impact on social life, love life, and financial life.There are different impact of mobile phone use, affected by perception of benefits and …


Reputation Life Cycle Of The Sm Foundation And Customers’ Support, Muhammad Alishahdani Ibrahim Nov 2021

Reputation Life Cycle Of The Sm Foundation And Customers’ Support, Muhammad Alishahdani Ibrahim

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Reputation is a key construct in organizational sciences since reputation signals its past behavior and its prospect in the future. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development and influence of both personal and organizational reputation and its impact to customer support. The organiza-tion life cycle theory is applied to the “SM” foundation, one of Indonesian largest Islamic social enterprise which experienced fast growth and decline due to the decline of its leader reputation. The case shows that personal reputation of leader is very important in the start-up and early development phase of the organization but it may …


Customer Perceived Brand Equity In Measuring Consumption Preference Towards Local And Imported Products: A Serial Studies On Urban And Suburban Level Of Indonesia Society In Greater Jakarta, Sri Rahayu Nov 2021

Customer Perceived Brand Equity In Measuring Consumption Preference Towards Local And Imported Products: A Serial Studies On Urban And Suburban Level Of Indonesia Society In Greater Jakarta, Sri Rahayu

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This study generally aims to analyze how the preferences of Indonesian as a customer in consuming local and imported products. The specific purpose of this study is to confirm measurement tools of the customer perceived brand equity, which are product country image, culture, marketing mix, and product quality. The result of this study indicates that Indonesian consider much about the marketing mix and product quality, while not so much considering culture.The product country image on the other hand gives the opposite effect. It is significantly related but has negative impact to the customer preference. This study is expected to provide …


Adoption Of Mobile Apps: The Role Of Experience, Harryadin Mahardika Nov 2021

Adoption Of Mobile Apps: The Role Of Experience, Harryadin Mahardika

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The form of initial experience with mobile application determines consumers’ likelihood to adopt it. This paper examines the effects of two forms of experience (direct versus indirect) toward the formation of consumers behavioral intentions (versus behavioral expectations) to adopt mobile applications. A direct experience induces concrete mental process that underlies the formation of behavioral expectations, whereas an indirect experience induces abstract mental process that underlies the formation of behavioral intentions. Results from Experiment 1 show significant increase in behavioral expectations’ predictive ability when subjects engaged in a direct experience than an indirect experience. Meanwhile, the effects of a direct experience …


The Study Of Relationship Among Experiential Marketing, Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, And Customer Loyalty, Puti Ara Zena, Aswin Dewanto Hadisumarto Nov 2021

The Study Of Relationship Among Experiential Marketing, Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, And Customer Loyalty, Puti Ara Zena, Aswin Dewanto Hadisumarto

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Experiential marketing is one of the marketing approaches that gives a great framework to combine experience and entertainment elements into a product or service. Some of businesses in Indonesia have already used this approach and one of them is Strawberry Cafe which provides many kinds of free board games for the customer. The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of experiential marketing used by Strawberry Cafe related to customer satisfaction and loyalty. The data were collected from 142 respondents but after screening, only 80 that met the requirements and could be analyzed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using …


Antecedents And Consequences Of Female Consumer Expectations And Evaluations Toward Csr Activities, Bery Prima Nov 2021

Antecedents And Consequences Of Female Consumer Expectations And Evaluations Toward Csr Activities, Bery Prima

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Many firms see Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as necessary investments in the community where the firms operate in order to ensure and safeguard sustainable operation for the future. This paper investigates the causal relationship between the antecedents and consequences of consumer expectations and evaluation to CSR activities. The original contribution of this study is that it focuses on the perceptions of female consumers on CSR activities of a multinational company.The research employed 175 women in the Greater Jakarta region as respondents, which consists of 92 housewives and 83 career women. Respondents are existing customer of a multinational consumer goods firm …


Effects Of Perceived Trust And Perceived Price On Customers’ Intention To Buy In Online Store In Indonesia, Ricky Setiawan, Adrian Achyar Nov 2021

Effects Of Perceived Trust And Perceived Price On Customers’ Intention To Buy In Online Store In Indonesia, Ricky Setiawan, Adrian Achyar

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Price and trust are important factors that influence customer purchasing decision in online shopping. However, the synergy of these two factors in customer intention to buy still needs to get higher attention. This paper examines the relative influence of perceived trust and perceived price on customers intention to buy, both for customers who have bought item from the store (repeat customers) and who have not (potential customers), and examines whether a difference exists on the strength of influence of price and trust to purchase intention in those groups. Data are analyzed with the multiple group analysis structural equation modeling, comparing …


Consumer Innovativeness Model Of Indonesian Young People In Adopting Electronic Products, Reza Ashari Nasution, Novika Candra Astuti Nov 2021

Consumer Innovativeness Model Of Indonesian Young People In Adopting Electronic Products, Reza Ashari Nasution, Novika Candra Astuti

ASEAN Marketing Journal

It is important for marketers to understand how innovators respond to the introduction of new products. This paper investigates consumer innovativeness (CI) from meta-analysis study as suggested by Nasution and Garnida [2011] and examines the simultaneous impacts of CI on new product adoption. Nasution and Garnida [2010] proposed three different perspectives in conceptualizing the CI model. First, the generalist stream that represents a generalized personality trait that engenders consumers to adopt new product. Second, the particularist stream that focuses on product adoption behavior within a specific domain of interest. Third, the integrator perspective that proposes to integrate these two streams …


Corporate Social Responsibility And Poor’S Child Well Being In Developing Customer’S Loyalty Pdf, Syahrial Mukhtar, Sri Daryanti, Khairani Khairani Nov 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility And Poor’S Child Well Being In Developing Customer’S Loyalty Pdf, Syahrial Mukhtar, Sri Daryanti, Khairani Khairani

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This research was conducted to analyze the contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perceived motives in enhancing poor children's well being and consumer loyalty. CSR strategy studied were CSR strategies implemented by two companies, Garuda Indonesia and Pertamina, which are State Owned Companies (fully or partially owned by government of Indonesia). Garuda Indonesia is a service company engaged in airline industry, and Pertamina is a non service company engaged in oil and gas industry.Using factor analysis and multiple regression, the result indicates some differences between firms CSR activities in in developing children well being and customer loyalty. This result has …


Internal Customer Satisfaction And Service Quality Toward Trust And Word Of Mouth, Sri Rahayu Nov 2021

Internal Customer Satisfaction And Service Quality Toward Trust And Word Of Mouth, Sri Rahayu

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This study generally aims to analyze the influence of internal customer satisfaction and perceptions of service quality in creating trust and word of mouth in higher education service industry. In the process, this study aims to achieve a special purpose, which is to build constructs/ variables to measure internal customer satisfaction, so in the future it can be applied to universally in other institutions of higher education. The results of this study indicate that the internal customer satisfaction can be measured with three constructs, namely: service product, service delivery, and service environment. All of those variables have significant relationship with …


Perceived Usefulness As Key Stimulus To The Behavioral Intention To Use 3g Technology, Andy Susilo Lukito Budi, Efendi Efendi, Rayini Dahesihsari Nov 2021

Perceived Usefulness As Key Stimulus To The Behavioral Intention To Use 3g Technology, Andy Susilo Lukito Budi, Efendi Efendi, Rayini Dahesihsari

ASEAN Marketing Journal

A new technology usually faces the challenge to be accepted by consumers. Because of the unique features of new technology, it needs certain approaches to enhance its acceptance. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is widely used to study the behavior of organizations and consumers in ac-cepting a new technology. A modified TAM model is applied in the current study to test the impact of advertising appeals of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and social factors on behavioral intention to use 3G technology. Experimental method is utilized on four groups (30 people each) of undergraduate students of Atma Jaya Catholic Univesity. …


Stakeholder Analysis On Boycott Movement: A Preliminary Study Using Media Contexts, Kresno Agus Hendarto Nov 2021

Stakeholder Analysis On Boycott Movement: A Preliminary Study Using Media Contexts, Kresno Agus Hendarto

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Just like the celebrities, social movement depends, to an extent, on media in communicating its activities to the public. The relationship between social movement and media is transactional. On the one hand, social movement needs media to disseminate its activities. On the other hand, media needs social movement as the news source. Scant (beyond very few notable exceptions) empirical research is not available on boycott product as a social movement and stakeholder analysis in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to perform stakeholder analysis on boycott product as a social movement. To do so, the study attempts to answer …


Price Or Privilege? Customer Perception On Loyalty Programs, Asnan Furinto Nov 2021

Price Or Privilege? Customer Perception On Loyalty Programs, Asnan Furinto

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The main purpose of the research is to understand how customers perceive loyalty programs. The author argues that types of loyalty programs could be classified into two: price based and privilege based. This research models that customer perceptions on loyalty programs, differ between these two types, and is contingent upon the relationship between customers and firm. Using settings of air-line domestic passengers and bank customers in Indonesia, the research provides evidence that price based rewards are perceived to provide higher utility perception in contractual relationships compared to non contractual relationships. However, this research failed to provide empirical support that privilege …


Technological Innovations And Consumer Needs: An Analysis Of Mobile Communications Market, Norlia Ahmad, David T. Methe Nov 2021

Technological Innovations And Consumer Needs: An Analysis Of Mobile Communications Market, Norlia Ahmad, David T. Methe

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Technology, consumer needs, mobile communication, Japan


Perceived Justice In Political Marketing: An Exploratory Study, Ihwan Susila Nov 2021

Perceived Justice In Political Marketing: An Exploratory Study, Ihwan Susila

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The purpose of this study is to criticize and develop the construct of equity theory within the framework of perceived justice. Specifically, this study aims to investigate perceived justice construct in political marketing perspective. Sample of the research consist of voters of political parties in Indonesia.Data were collected through interviews and a survey using a structured questionnaire with a purposive sampling method to 150 respondents. The study use exploratory factor analyses and Cronbach Alpha method to test the construct validity. The research also use measurement model of structural equation model (SEM) which is the same as confirmatory factor analysis procedure. …


Analysis Of Relationship Between Pioneer Brand Status And Consumer’S Attitude Toward A Brand (Case On Yamaha Automatic Vs. Honda Automatic Transmission Motorcycle In Indonesia), Arga Hananto, Taryadi Taryadi Nov 2021

Analysis Of Relationship Between Pioneer Brand Status And Consumer’S Attitude Toward A Brand (Case On Yamaha Automatic Vs. Honda Automatic Transmission Motorcycle In Indonesia), Arga Hananto, Taryadi Taryadi

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Previous research have indicated that brand pioneership provide some advantages such as high market share barriers to entry and consumers preference as well as higher consumer attitude. This paper intends to explore the relationship between perceived brand pioneership on consumers’ brand attitude. The study focuses on two competing brands from automatic transmission motorcycle category, namely Yamaha and Honda.Based on result from 90 respondents, this study confirms the perception that Yamaha (although not the true pioneer) is perceived by the majority of respondents as the pioneering brand in the automatic transmission motorcycle. This study also found that those respondents who perceived …


Marketing Impact Of Halal Labeling Toward Indonesian Muslim Consumer’S Behavioral Intention Based On Ajzen’S Planned Behavior Theory: Policy Capturing Studies On Five Different Product Categories, Imam Salehudin, Bagus Adi Luthfi Nov 2021

Marketing Impact Of Halal Labeling Toward Indonesian Muslim Consumer’S Behavioral Intention Based On Ajzen’S Planned Behavior Theory: Policy Capturing Studies On Five Different Product Categories, Imam Salehudin, Bagus Adi Luthfi

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in explaining the intention to switch from products without certified Halal labels within a wide array of purchase context, especially in the purchase of food and medicine products. A policy capturing questionnaire was used to elicit responses from consumers using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 7500 responses were obtained from 150 participating respondent in 50 different scenario cases. Data is analyzed using Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling. The study finds that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is not completely valid to …


Assessing Actual Visit Behavior Through Antecedents Of Tourists Satisfaction Among International Tourists In Jordan: A Structural Equation Modeling (Sem) Approach, Ayed Moh’D Al Muala, Nik Kamariah Nik Mat, Filzah Mohd Isa Nov 2021

Assessing Actual Visit Behavior Through Antecedents Of Tourists Satisfaction Among International Tourists In Jordan: A Structural Equation Modeling (Sem) Approach, Ayed Moh’D Al Muala, Nik Kamariah Nik Mat, Filzah Mohd Isa

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Jordan tourism industry is facing fluctuating tourist visit provoked by dissatisfaction, high visit risk, low hotel service, or negative Jordan image. This study aims to examine the relationships between the antecedents of tourist satisfaction and actual visit behavior in tourism of Jordan, and the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction (SAT) in the relationship between Jordan image (JOM), service climate (SER) and actual visit behavior (ACT). A total of 850 international tourists completed a survey that were conducted at southern sites in Jordan. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the reliability and validity …


Customer Value, Satisfaction And Behavioral Intentions: The Effects Of Consumer Search Behavior, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih Nov 2021

Customer Value, Satisfaction And Behavioral Intentions: The Effects Of Consumer Search Behavior, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This study develops and tests an integrative model to examine the relationships among customer value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions based upon a typology of consumer search behaviors. The model was tested using surveyed data from 546 customers of car insurance in Melbourne, Australia. The findings demonstrate that each type of consumer (passive, rational-active, relational-dependent), performs differently on the relationships among customer value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. The identification of value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions within each search behavior allows managers to deliver optimal value and satisfaction to their consumers.


Analysis Effect Of Environment Attitude, Health Consciousness And Knowledge In Developing Product Perception And Intention To Buy (A Study On Organic Food Product), Widyasari Widyasari, Jony Oktavian Haryanto Nov 2021

Analysis Effect Of Environment Attitude, Health Consciousness And Knowledge In Developing Product Perception And Intention To Buy (A Study On Organic Food Product), Widyasari Widyasari, Jony Oktavian Haryanto

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This research intends to study the factors that can affect the product perception and consumer intention in buying organic product.The study is necessary in that it explores at least some of the factors that can affect the product perception and consumer intention in buying organic product. The research results indicated that there was a positive influence of health consciousness towards environment attitude, consumer’s organic product knowledge towards organic product perception, environment attitude and consumer’s organic knowledge towards intention to buy organic product. But, there was a negative influence between environment attitude, health consciousness towards consumer’s organic product perception, and consumer’s …


Offensive And Defensive Competitive Marketing Strategy: The Development Of Construct & Measurements, Pantri Heriyati, Ign Heruwasto, Sari Wahyuni Nov 2021

Offensive And Defensive Competitive Marketing Strategy: The Development Of Construct & Measurements, Pantri Heriyati, Ign Heruwasto, Sari Wahyuni

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Malaysia is opening parts of its services to greater foreign participation due to globalisation. Local banks have since consolidated a decade ago and foreign banks expanding their businesses in local markets have intensified the competition. As a result, credit card adoption is getting more challenging to marketers. Hence effective marketing strategies are important. The theoretical model of the paper is based on the buyer behaviour model by Kotler and Armstrong (1999). The model identifies the major factors which influence consumer buyer behaviour and how buyer decision process affects the buyer behaviour. The paper aims to examine the effectiveness of marketing …


Determinants Of Brand Equity Of Services: A Verification Approach In The Banking Industry In Malaysia, Norjaya Mohd. Yasin, Norzalita Abd. Aziz Nov 2021

Determinants Of Brand Equity Of Services: A Verification Approach In The Banking Industry In Malaysia, Norjaya Mohd. Yasin, Norzalita Abd. Aziz

ASEAN Marketing Journal

This study attempts to verify the determinants of brand equity of services based on consumers’ perception of a banking service. The conceptual framework of this study is based on customer-based brand equity called the Brand Resonance model which comprises of six building blocks namely brand salience, brand performance, brand imagery, brand judgment, brand feelings and brand resonance. Factor analyses were conducted on all items measuring the six constructs and the results produced only five factors i.e brand salience, brand performance, brand judgments, brand feelings and brand resonance as the determinants of brand equity of services. Reliability test on all these …


Micro And Small Entrepreneur Social Ads: The Influence Of Risk Perception As Measured By Self-Monitoring And Social Expectation On Poverty Reduction Social Ads In Indonesia, Adi Zakaria Afiff Nov 2021

Micro And Small Entrepreneur Social Ads: The Influence Of Risk Perception As Measured By Self-Monitoring And Social Expectation On Poverty Reduction Social Ads In Indonesia, Adi Zakaria Afiff

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Regardless of the growing usage of social ads in Indonesia, the effectiveness of these social ads has not really been assessed. One theme of the social ads that is related to the poverty problem in this country is the micro and small entrepreneur social ads, namely a number of related social ads issued by the government that persuades its audience to release themselves from poverty by becoming micro and small entrepreneurs that is supported by low cost loans from the government.As becoming a micro or small entrepreneur has both an individual and a social risk perception, a 2x2x2 experiment was …


Analysis On Variables Affecting The Creation Of Tourist Destination Image: Case Study On Domestic Tourists Visiting Yogyakarta Between 2007 To 2009, Khairani Khairani, Hapsari Setyowardhani Nov 2021

Analysis On Variables Affecting The Creation Of Tourist Destination Image: Case Study On Domestic Tourists Visiting Yogyakarta Between 2007 To 2009, Khairani Khairani, Hapsari Setyowardhani

ASEAN Marketing Journal

The purpose of this study is to examine the variables that affect the image creation of tourism destinations. This research is a case study on domestic tourists visiting Yogyakarta from 2007 to 2009. This research uses an exploratory and descriptive design, conducted once in one period (cross-sectional). A number of 105 domestic tourists were selected as samples by means of non-probability sampling method and snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using reliability and validity tests, frequency distributions, and regression analyses. Results showed that overall image was significantly constructed and affected by cognitive and affective evaluations. Cognitive evaluation was significantly …