Management Information Systems Commons^™

Diocletian’S Victory Column: Megethos And The Rhetoric Of Spectacular Disruption, Jonathan Mark Balzotti, Richard Benjamin Crosby

Faculty Publications

This essay explores how the powerful system of cultural references in the architecture of Alexandria is disrupted by Roman visual rhetoric. Specifically, the essay closely analyzes Diocletian’s Victory Column, a monument to the third-century Roman ruler who put down an Alexandrian uprising. The authors argue that Rome employed a visual rhetoric of spectacular disruption as a means to insert itself into the city’s historical identity even after its siege created widespread disease and starvation. The essay builds on the substantial scholarship on public memory by describing a kind of rhetoric that poses a political, existential challenge to a reigning cultural …

Partial Least Squares (Pls) Structural Equation Modeling (Sem) For Building And Testing Behavioral Causal Theory: When To Choose It And How To Use It, Paul Benjamin Lowry, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Problem: Partial least squares (PLS), a form of structural equation modeling (SEM), can provide much value for causal inquiry in communication-related and behavioral research fields. Despite the wide availability of technical information on PLS, many behavioral and communication researchers often do not use PLS in situations in which it could provide unique theoretical insights. Moreover, complex models comprising formative (causal) and reflective (consequent) constructs are now common in behavioral research, but they are often misspecified in statistical models, resulting in erroneous tests. Key concepts: First-generation (1G) techniques, such as correlations, regressions, or difference of means tests (such as ANOVA or …

Investigating The Effect Of Insurance Fraud On Mouse Usage In Human-Computer Interactions, Martin Hibbeln, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Christoph Schneider, Joseph S. Valacich, Markus Weinmann

Faculty Publications

The completion of online forms is the catalyst for many business and governmental processes. However, providing fraudulent information in such forms is pervasive, resulting in costly consequences for organizations and society. Furthermore, detecting fraudulent responses in online forms is often very difficult, time consuming, and expensive. This research proposes that analyzing users’ mouse movements may reveal when a person is being fraudulent. Namely, based on neuroscience and deception theory, the paper explains how deception may influence hand movements captured via the computer mouse. In an insurance fraud context, a study is conducted to explore these proposed relationships. The results suggest …

Proposing The Affect-Trust Infusion Model (Atim) To Explain And Predict The Influence Of High- And Low-Affect Infusion On Web-Vendor Trust, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Nathan Twyman, Matthew Pickard, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Son Ngoc Bui

Faculty Publications

Trust is just as essential to online business as it is to offline transactions but can be more difficult to achieve—especially for newer Web sites associated with unknown Web vendors. Research explains that Web vendor trust can be created by cognitive and affective influences. But under what circumstances will emotion more powerfully impact trust and when will cognition be more powerful? Theory-based answers to these questions can help online Web vendors design better Web sites that account for unleveraged factors that will increase trust in the Web vendor.

We adapt the Affect Infusion Model to propose the Affect-Trust Infusion Model …

Implicit And Explicit Training In The Mitigation Of Cognitive Bias Through The Use Of A Serious Game, Norah E. Dunbar, Claude H. Miller, Bradley J. Adame, Javier Elizondo, Scott N. Wilson, Brianna L. Lane, Abigail Allums Kauffman, Elena Bessarabova, Matthew L. Jensen, Sara K. Straub, Yu-Hao Lee, Judee K. Burgoon, Joseph J. Valacich, Jeffrey Jenkins, Jun Zhang

Faculty Publications

Heuristics can interfere with information processing and hinder decision-making when more systematic processes that might lead to better decisions are ignored. Based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) of information processing, a serious training game (called MACBETH) was designed to address and mitigate cognitive biases that interfere with the analysis of evidence and the generation of hypotheses. Two biases are the focus of this paper—fundamental attribution error and confirmation bias. The efficacy of the serious game on knowledge and mitigation of biases was examined using an experiment in which participants (N = 703) either played the MACBETH game or watched an …

Hykss: Hybrid Keyword And Semantic Search, Andrew J. Zitzelberger, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Del T. Scott

Faculty Publications

Keyword search suffers from a number of issues: ambiguity, synonymy, and an inability to handle semantic constraints. Semantic search helps resolve these issues but is limited by the quality of annotations which are likely to be incomplete or imprecise. Hybrid search, a search technique that combines the merits of both keyword and semantic search, appears to be a promising solution. In this paper we describe and evaluate HyKSS, a hybrid search system driven by extraction ontologies for both annotation creation and query interpretation. For displaying results, HyKSS uses a dynamic ranking algorithm. We show that over data sets of short …

The Buck Stops There: The Impact Of Perceived Accountability And Control On The Intention To Delegate To Software Agents, Nathan Stout, Alan R. Dennis, Taylor M. Wells

Faculty Publications

Software agents with the ability to recommend actions, aid decision-making, and actually make decisions are becoming increasingly common. In many situations, users now choose whether or not to delegate tasks to these agents. While some research has examined software agents, relatively little is known about the factors that influence the intention to delegate decisions to them. An experiment was used to examine the influence of perceived accountability, extent of control, and trust in the agent on the intention to delegate a travel arrangement decision. Users were more likely to delegate to agents that gave them greater control by requiring them …

Early Vs. Late Adoption Of Radical Information Technology Innovations Across Software Development Organizations: An Extension Of The Disruptive Information Technology Innovation Model, Jessica Luo Carlo, James Gaskin, Kalle Lyytinen, Gregory M. Rose

Faculty Publications

This paper extends the disruptive information technology innovation model (DITIM) by exploring the impact of adoption timing on innovation outcomes within software development organizations during a disruptive innovation cycle. The DITIM suggests that radical changes in computing platforms result in pervasive and radical innovations in software development organizations across three innovation types: base technologies adopted, services produced and processes adopted. Upstream attributes (amount and radicalness) of the base innovations impact effects in-kind downstream (a.k.a., strong order effects) on services and processes. Extending these tenets of the DITIM, we posit that during disruptive information technology (IT) innovation, the temporal stage of …

The Impact Of Software Testing Governance Choices, Xihui Zhang, Colin Onita, Jasbir Dhaliwal

Faculty Publications

Software testing is becoming a critical component of software development, especially because of the proliferation of complex, interconnected, and real-time business applications. As a result, information technology (IT) managers are struggling with pragmatic governance mechanisms for integrating testing with development.Governance issues pertaining to how software testing is organized at strategic, tactical, and operational levels,however, have not received adequate attention in the literature. This study explores the impact of three specificgovernance mechanisms, including the existence of a distinct corporate testing unit, developers and testersreporting to different executives, and the existence of one-to-one matching between developers and testers,on the organizational integration of …

Using Measures Of Risk Perception To Predict Information Security Behavior: Insights From Electroencephalography (Eeg), Anthony Vance, Bonnie Anderson, C. Brock Kirwan, David Eargle

Faculty Publications

Users' perceptions of risks have important implications for information security, as the actions of individual users can compromise entire systems. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand how users perceive and respond to information security risks. Previous research on perceptions of information security risk has chiefly relied on self-reported measures. Although these studies are valuable, risk perceptions are often associated with feelings—such as fear or doubt—that are difficult to measure accurately using survey instruments. Additionally, it is unclear how these self-reported measures map to actual security behavior. This paper contributes by demonstrating that risk-taking behavior is effectively predicted using …

Users Aren’T (Necessarily) Lazy: Using Neurois To Explain Habituation To Security Warnings, Bonnie Brinton Anderson, Anthony Vance, Brock Kirwan, David Eargle, Seth Howard

Faculty Publications

Warning messages are one of the last lines of defense in information security, and are fundamental to users’ security interactions with technology. Unfortunately, research shows that users routinely ignore security warnings. A key contributor to this disregard is habituation, the diminishing of attention through frequent exposure. However, previous research has examined habituation indirectly by observing its influence on security behavior, rather than measuring habituation itself.

We contribute by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to directly observe habituation as it occurs in the brain. Our results show that with repeated exposure to warnings, neural activity in the visual processing centers …

You Said What? Assessing The Impact Of Collaboration Technologies And Message Characteristics Using Physiological Measures, Taylor M. Wells, Alan R. Dennis

Faculty Publications

Collaboration technologies often are effective but sometimes they can distort messages, especially in emotional communication. We propose and test a theoretical model to explain how different technologies and message characteristics influence the emotional responses of recipients and how recipients evaluate the emotional content of the messages. Two collaboration technologies—email and voicemail—were examined because they differ in richness and naturalness. As some individuals are more capable in interpreting and understanding emotion, we also examined the role of emotional intelligence. The results show that a message sent via email was likely to trigger a different immediate psychophysiological emotional response and be evaluated …

I’M Proud Of It: Consumer Technology Appropriation And Psychological Ownership, Colleen P. Kirk, Scott D. Swain, James E. Gaskin

Faculty Publications

In this conceptual paper, using the lens of self-design we examine the relationship between consumer technology appropriation and psychological ownership, suggesting that pride plays a key and multi-faceted role. Resolving discrepancies in the literature, we propose that authentic pride operates as an antecedent of psychological ownership, while hubristic pride strengthens the effect of psychological ownership on outcomes such as economic valuation and word-of-mouth. We further enrich the conceptualization by considering the moderating effects of the technology consumption context (public versus private) as well as consumers’ perceptions of situation strength (strong versus weak behavioral constraints).

The Effects Of Social Networking Site (Sns) Use On College Students’ Friendship And Well-Being, Jin-Liang Wang, Linda A. Jackson, James Gaskin, Hai-Zhen Wang

Faculty Publications

The present study was conducted with two goals in mind: (1) to examine the influence of using different types of SNS use on users’ well-being, and (2) to examine the mediating roles of online self-disclosure and friendship quality in the relationship between types of SNS use and well-being. Participants were from two large 4-year undergraduate universities in Southwestern China. The study was conducted during Spring semester, 2013, using advertisements that described the nature of the research and indicated that compensation for participation was U10 (about $1.5 U.S.). Of the 402 students approached, 337 completed the survey (i.e., response rate was …

A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words: Source Credibility Theory Applied To Logo And Website Design For Heightened Credibility And Consumer Trust, Paul Benjamin Lowry, David W. Wilson, William L. Haig

Faculty Publications

Websites are often the first or only interaction a consumer has with a firm in modern commerce. Because consumers tend to make decisions within the first few seconds of online interaction, the first impression given to users can greatly determine a website’s success. Leveraging Source Credibility Theory (SCT), we present a strategy for building credibility derived from a user’s initial impressions of a website, in online environments. We demonstrate that logos designed to communicate traits of credibility (i.e., expertise and trustworthiness) can trigger positive credibility judgments about the firm’s website, and that this increase in perceived credibility results in greater …

The Effects Of Team Flow On Performance: A Video Game Experiment, Mark Keith, Greg Anderson, Doug Dean, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Research on effective team work has traditionally explained team performance as a result of team cohesion and goal commitment. Team cohesion was originally defined as the general level of attraction the team members had to all others in their group. This social relations-based concept of team cohesion is generally a strong indicator of team performance. However, more recent research has stressed the importance of incorporating the team members’ mutual level of commitment to the team task as another sub-dimension of cohesion. When including task commitment, team cohesion is a somewhat weaker predictor of team performance (Beal et al., 2003). To …

Exploring Configurations Of Affordances: The Case Of Software Development, Aron Lindberg, James Gaskin, Nicholas Berente, Kalle Lyytinen

Faculty Publications

Affordances have been increasingly used in the information systems literature to account for the usage and effects of information technology. However, a review of the literature shows that the construct has remained nebulously defined, rarely used in anything but singular forms and with little consideration of context. This has resulted in a lack of cumulative research on affordances. We propose that affordances need to be considered not only individually, but also as configurations of multiple affordances. Through a sociomaterial sequence analysis of two software development teams – one waterfall and one agile - we build a framework for the study …

Improving Password Cybersecurity Through Inexpensive And Minimally Invasive Means: Detecting And Deterring Password Reuse Through Keystroke-Dynamics Monitoring And Just-In-Time Fear Appeals, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Mark Grimes, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot, Paul Benjamin Lowry

Faculty Publications

Password reuse – using the same password for multiple accounts – is a prevalent phenomenon that can make even the most secure systems vulnerable. When passwords are reused across multiple systems, hackers may compromise accounts by stealing passwords from lowsecurity sites to access sites with higher security. Password reuse can be particularly threatening to users in developing countries in which cybersecurity training is limited, law enforcement of cybersecurity is non-existent, or in which programs to secure cyberspace are limited. This article proposes a two-pronged solution for reducing password reuse through detection and mitigation. First, based on the theories of routine, …

Stories From The Workplace: Using Mini-Modules Online To Increase Student Motivation And Learning, Jon Balzotti, Janet Roberts

Faculty Publications

In this article, we describe the incorporation of video modules into three professional communication classrooms. These modules were designed to give both teachers and students access to professional practitioners and their views about the changing role of communication in the 21st century workplace. We incorporated these modules into professional communication courses (junior/senior level technical communication course) and courses in the disciplines (freshman and senior engineering design courses). The article discusses how content designed to simulate the language conventions of friendly conversation can impact student motivation and foster greater participation in the professional communication classroom.

Taking “Fun And Games” Seriously: Proposing The Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model (Hmsam), Paul Benjamin Lowry, Bryan Hammer, James Eric Gaskin, Tom L. Roberts, Nathan W. Twyman

Faculty Publications

Hedonic-motivation systems (HMS)—systems used primarily to fulfill users’ intrinsic motivations—are the elephant in the room for IS research. Growth in HMS sales has outperformed utilitarian-motivation systems (UMS) sales for more than a decade, generating billions in revenue annually; yet IS research focuses mostly on UMS. In this study, we explain the role of intrinsic motivations in systems use and propose the hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM) to improve the understanding of HMS adoption. Instead of a minor, general TAM extension, HMSAM is an HMS-specific system acceptance model based on an alternative theoretical perspective, which is in turn grounded in flow-based …

Information Disclosure On Mobile Devices: Re-Examining Privacy Calculus With Actual User Behavior, Mark J. Keith, Samuel C. Thompson, Joanne Hale, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Chapman Greer

Faculty Publications

The use of mobile applications continues to experience exponential growth. Using mobile apps typically requires the disclosure of location data, which often accompanies requests for various other forms of private information. Existing research on information privacy has implied that consumers are willing to accept privacy risks for relatively negligible benefits, and the offerings of mobile apps based on locationbased services (LBS) appear to be no different. However, until now, researchers have struggled to replicate realistic privacy risks within experimental methodologies designed to manipulate independent variables. Moreover, minimal research has successfully captured actual information disclosure over mobile devices based on realistic …

Evaluating Journal Quality And The Association For Information Systems (Ais) Senior Scholars’ Journal Basket Via Bibliometric Measures: Do Expert Journal Assessments Add Value?, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Gregory D. Moody, James Gaskin, Dennis F. Galletta, Sean L. Humpherys, Jordan B. Barlow, David W. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Information systems (IS) journal rankings and ratings help scholars focus their publishing efforts and are widely used surrogates for judging the quality of research. Over the years, numerous approaches have been used to rank IS journals, approaches such as citation metrics, school lists, acceptance rates, and expert assessments. However, the results of these approaches often conflict due to a host of validity concerns. In the current scientometric study, we make significant strides toward correcting for these limitations in the ranking of mainstream IS journals. We compare expert rankings to bibliometric measures such as the ISI Impact Factor™, the h-index, and …

What, I Shouldn’T Have Done That?: The Influence Of Training And Just-In-Time Reminders On Secure Behavior, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Alexandra Durcikova

Faculty Publications

Organizations often implement Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) programs to help improve secure behavior. SETA programs can be multifaceted; however, organizations often take a “one-size-fits-all” approach to improve security, without understanding how different SETA components influence behavior. In this research, we explain how two common SETA program components—online training and reminders—influence behavior through discrete theoretical mechanisms. First, we hypothesize that online training influences behavior through improving beliefs and intentions. However, because of dual-task interference, the relationship between beliefs and intentions may be hindered. We then explain how just-in-time reminders can help overcome dual-task interference and influence behavior directly. We …

Detecting Deceptive Chat-Based Communication Using Typing Behavior And Message Cues, Douglas C. Derrick, Thomas O. Meservy, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Judee K. Burgoon, Jay F. Nunamaker Jr.

Faculty Publications

Computer-mediated deception is prevalent and may have serious consequences for individuals, organizations, and society. This article investigates several metrics as predictors of deception in synchronous chatbased environments, where participants must often spontaneously formulate deceptive responses. Based on cognitive load theory, we hypothesize that deception influences response time, word count, lexical diversity, and the number of times a chat message is edited. Using a custom chatbot to conduct interviews in an experiment, we collected 1,572 deceitful and 1,590 truthful chat-based responses. The results of the experiment confirm that deception is positively correlated with response time and the number of edits and …

Is Your Susceptibility To Phishing Dependent On Your Memory?, Bonnie Brinton Anderson, Anthony Vance, David Eargle

Faculty Publications

Phishing has become a major attack vector for hackers and cost victims $687 million in the first half of 2012 alone. Additionally, despite technical solutions to defend against this threat, reports show that phishing attacks are increasing. There is therefore a pressing need to understand why users continue to fall victim to phishing, and how such attacks can be prevented. In this researchin- progress paper, we argue that the cognitive neuroscience of memory provides a useful lens through which to study the problem of phishing. A commonly reported finding from the field of memory is the eye movement-based memory effect, …

Exploring The Effect Of Arousal And Valence On Mouse Interaction, G. Mark Grimes, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Joseph S. Valacich

Faculty Publications

Determining a user’s affective state can be an important element when trying to understand human-computer interactions. Accurately assessing affect during system use, however, can be very difficult, especially in a non-laboratory setting. Extensive previous research in neuroscience has shown that arousal and valence influence motor control. In this research, the prior relevant neuroscience findings inform the investigation of mouse movement behavior under conditions of low and high arousal as well as positive and negative valence. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted, providing support for hypotheses predicting that arousal and valence may be inferred by monitoring for differences in the distance, …

Service-Oriented Methodology For Systems Development, Mark Keith, Haluk Demirkan, Michael Goul

Faculty Publications

Despite advances in software development practices, organizations struggle to implement methodologies that match the risk in a project environment with needed coordination capabilities. Plan-driven and agile software development methodologies each have strengths and risks. However, most project environments cannot be classified as entirely “risky” or “stable,” suggesting the need for hybrid approaches. We leverage a design science approach to implement a novel hybrid methodology based on concepts from the service-oriented paradigm. We motivate the approach using theory on interdependence and coordination, and design the methodology using theory on modularity and service-dominant logic. We also examine the effects of its adoption …

Breaking Out Of The Design Science Box: High-Value Impact Through Multidisciplinary Design Science Programs Of Research, Jay F. Nunamaker Jr., Nathan W. Twyman, Justin Scott Giboney

Faculty Publications

Conducting research that will make an impact is a difficult challenge for any research discipline. Information Systems is no exception, and there is much discussion on how to increase the level of real-world impact of our research. This paper details a framework for generating high-impact research through a DSR-driven program of research. The framework rests on the propositions that as opposed to individual or ad-hoc team-driven approaches, increased impact is more likely to be realized by 1) sustained collaborative research programs that 2) employ multiple research methods to 3) shepherd concepts from the ideation stage all the way to realized, …

Rethinking Sustained Competitive Advantage From Human Capital, Benjamin Campbell, Russell Coff, David Kryscynski

Faculty Publications

The strategy literature often emphasizes firm-specific human capital as a source of competitive advantage based on the assumption that it constrains employee mobility. This paper first identifies three boundary conditions that limit the applicability of this logic. It then offers a more comprehensive framework of human capital-based advantage that explores both demand- and supply-side mobility constraints. The critical insight is that these mobility constraints have more explanatory power than the firm-specificity of human capital.

Unpacking The Privacy Paradox: Irrational Decision-Making Within The Privacy Calculus, David W. Wilson, Joseph S. Valacich

Faculty Publications

Understanding privacy is important to individuals and organizations. This research in progress develops a theoretical model that incorporates both actual disclosure behavior and the potential for irrational behavior induced by overriding situational factors presented at the time of the privacy disclosure decision. Actual disclosure behavior is seldom measured in privacy research, and most prior work has assumed the disclosure decision to be a fully rational one. This research challenges that assumption, and the eventual completion of the project will contribute uniquely to our understanding of the privacy calculus in online transactions.