Finance and Financial Management Commons^™

The Terrorist Laffer Curve:Rationality And Insurgency In Iraq, 2004-2008, Dennis S. Edwards

Southern University College of Business E-Journal

While the original framework by Arthur Laffer focused on tax rates and the resulting revenue from such taxation, the Laffer curve has been applied to other studies in behavior as well. This paper details evidence of a Laffer curve in Iraq with respect to terrorist violence and Iraqi public support of that violence against the U.S.-led coalition forces. As insurgents began killing more Iraqi citizens in their attacks on U.S.-led forces, the increased lethality caused initial support of such violence to erode. As a result, the high-level terrorist hierarchy has suggested that its operatives reduce lethality and indiscriminate bombings.

Building An Equitable Food System In Georgia With Future Farmers: A Business Case Study, Yukta Sinha

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

My thesis aims to investigate how a mobile application called Future Farmers ©, that connects farmers with retailers bypassing middlemen, can increase farmers’ bargaining power thereby creating an equitable food system. More specifically, my thesis seeks to analyse the application’s viability in the country of Georgia. Drawing upon primary data collected through interviews with farmers and retailers as well as a review of relevant literature, this research will utilize a mixed-methods approach to explore the impact of this technology on the agricultural industry in Georgia. The company’s revenue projections and market access are just some aspects evaluated while qualitative information …

Cryptocurrencies: Now What?, Wei Zhou, Fathurraman

Perspectives@SMU

New use cases could lead to wider adoption, but regulation and the transition to Web3 must be handled first

Regulating The Fintech Space, Jing Yang, Patrick Thng, Zhu Juntao, Kell Jay Lim

Perspectives@SMU

China gets to grips with fintech but still frowns upon cryptocurrencies. Regulation, blockchain technology, and central bank digital currencies will be under the spotlight amidst the crypto crash

Chinese-Backed Fintech Lending Boom: How Did Indonesia Respond?, Angela Tritto, Yujia He, Victoria Amanda Junaedi

Diplomacy and International Commerce Reports

Peer-to-peer (P2P) online lending has the potential to boost innovation and financial inclusion in emerging markets, yet it can also incur investment and borrower-related risks, such as privacy breaches.

Driven by regulation control in China, Chinese investments flocked to Indonesia, causing a rapid expansion of online lending platforms.

Similar to what happened in China prior to the regulatory crackdown, the P2P lending boom in Indonesia saw a rise in unethical and illegal business practices. The government responded by creating new regulations and institutions to mitigate risks without stifling the potential for financial inclusion.

A proactive approach towards monitoring and regulating …

Equity Market Structure And The Persistence Of Unsolved Problems: A Microstructure Perspective, Robert A. Schwartz, James Ross, Deniz Ozenbas

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article presents a brief historical perspective on the evolution of equity market structure and considers implications microstructure analysis has had for improving market structure. Since the 1975 Securities Acts Amendments mandated the development of a National Market System, the robust growth of institutional investing and the impact of striking technological change have been transformative. Yet, market impact costs and price discovery noise continue to accentuate short-period returns variance, and the article presents empirical evidence of how sizable that accentuation is. In dealing with this problem, the authors focus on the rules that govern how orders are integrated together and …

The Return Of The Call Auction, Deniz Ozenbas, Robert A. Schwartz

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

A call auction is a form of trading that died out in the precomputer age but has made its reentrance in electronic markets and is currently a significant component of major stock markets globally. In contrast with a continuous market in which a transaction is made any time a buy and a sell order meet or cross in price, call auctions batch orders together for execution in multilateral trades at specific points in time. The electronic call, an important innovation in market structure, has unique benefits concerning liquidity provision, intraday volatility control, and price discovery accuracy. NASDAQ introduced electronic calls …

Editor's Note, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Red Flags And Risks: Unpleasant Surprises When An Office Manager Suddenly Leaves, David Harris Cpa

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Losing an office manager can pose significant challenges for dental practices. This article delves into the red flags and potential risks that may accompany an office manager's sudden departure, shedding light on the importance of understanding the circumstances surrounding their exit. The article highlights how embezzlement can be a reason behind unexplained departures and emphasizes the need to assess the situation more deeply. It explores account ownership issues that can hinder practice owners from accessing crucial business information, particularly in embezzlement investigations. The article recommends proactive measures for practice owners to secure access to vital accounts to prevent potential issues …

Review Of Human Resource Management (Hrm) Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis (1981-2019), Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Naznin Akther, Golam Sorwar

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study reviews Human Resource Management (HRM) literature by adopting a hybrid research approach - bibliometric analaysis and content analysis - on 1802 documents from the Scopus database. Results from the bibliometric analysis shows HRM research presence in the areas of data sciences, information technology, and organizational behavior. A content analysis of 100 articles exploresd five different streams of HRM literature: (1) safety issues, (2) HRM technology, (3) business model and HRM, (4) information and knowledge management, and (5) HRM and teamwork. This study works as a lens focusing on the construction of practical issues and concepts in HRM literature. …

Women On Corporate Boards: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Agenda, Nufazil Ahangar

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper provides a current systematic literature review of the literature on women on corporate boards. The focus is on both theoretical and empirical studies on women on corporate boards. The influence of women on corporate boards on a wide range of corporate financial and non-financial performance measures is likewise explained. Additionally, this paper also provides a broad overview of a number of antecedents affecting the appointment of women on corporate boards at multiple levels.

Analysis Of The Impact Of Dividend On Returns Based On Market Condition, Bernardus Yuliarto Nugroho, Ferdinand D. Saragih

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study investigates the dividend’s impact on returns with profitability and free cash flow as control variables. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of dividends on returns during both advancing and declining markets. The data utilized as the sample was gathered from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2017. The generalized least square method was used to analyze the impact of dividends on returns during advancing and declining markets. Variables used in this investigation are Dividend, Return, Beta, Market Capitalization, Book Value of Equity, Profitability, and Free Cash Flow. Results show …

Contributors, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Impact Of A Conditional Cash Transfer On Adolescent Pregnancy: Incidence And Health Outcomes, Mitzie Irene P. Conchada, Marites M. Tiongco, Dominque Hannah Sy

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The literature on conditional cash transfers focuses on the impact of such on health and education outcomes. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the Philippines provides a cash grant conditional on requirements related to health and education. We investigated the impact of the program on adolescent pregnancy through its link to education. The program, which is designed to increase teen education, may lead to decreased adolescent pregnancy because it adds to the opportunity cost of getting pregnant. Though the incidence of pregnancy among adolescent women rates in the Philippines have declined over the past thirty years, a considerable number of …

On Precaution Versus Covid-19: Are People Really Complacent?, Renz Adrian T. Calub

DLSU Business & Economics Review

As of this writing, the Philippines is experiencing a surge in COVID-19, a year after implementing nationwide lockdowns and curfews. Although vaccines are being shipped and rolled out, the country appears to be regressing, with hospitals being filled to the brim. Complacency has been the usual suspect, with the government blaming individuals and business establishments for not staying at home and for not observing the minimal health protocols. But are people really complacent? This paper develops a simple game to address such a question.

Does Media Affect Adherence To Covid-19 Quarantine Protocols?, Luz Suplico-Jeong, Reynaldo Bautista Jr., Noel Sajid Murad, Nelson Guillen Jr.

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The Philippines, which has experienced community quarantine from March 2020 to the present, is one country that has imposed quarantine protocols. Although the Philippine government imposes penalties on those who do not follow the quarantine protocols, the success of quarantine depends on the individual’s adherence to quarantine protocols. This study examined if media affected adherence to COVID-19 protocols. 334 residents from lloilo, Philippines were surveyed. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, the results showed a positive relationship between (1) attitude and quarantine adherence, (2) controllability and quarantine adherence, and (3) media and quarantine adherence. This implies that …

Impact Of Covid-19 On The 2020 Financial Results Of Selected Philippine Publicly-Listed Companies, Cynthia P. Cudia, Ezra L. Panopio

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 financial results of selected Philippine Publicly- Listed Companies (PLCs) in the Philippine Stock Exchange.. Using ratio analysis to determine the consequences of this infectious disease affecting PLCs, results show a decline in the percent-change in revenue, expenses, and net income from the average figures for 2017 to 2019 to corresponding figures for 2020. Content analysis revealed that most Philippine PLCs disclosed high and medium details as to the impact of COVID-19. Furthermore, the study’s results demonstrated that most PLCs provided qualitative or quantitative details about the respective measures …

A Framework For Integrating Persons With Autism To The Workforce, Rosemary R. Seva, Ron R. Resurreccion, Alvin Neil A. Gutierrez

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Persons with Autism (PWAs) have unique skills and abilities to contribute to a productive workplace. Companies often do not hire them because these firms believe they have many limitations and that employing them would pose various challenges. This study determined the factors affecting the performance of PWAs, the challenges and benefits in employing them, and proposed a framework to guide employers in successfully integrating them in the workforce. A mixed-methods design was used with data collection tools such as video observations, focus group discussions and an organizational culture survey. Through the various data gathered, the challenges identified were the limited …

Happiness At Work: Seafarers’ Experience In A Maritime Company, Ana Liza Asis-Castro, Divina M. Edralin

DLSU Business & Economics Review

We investigated the person-level factors that influenced the degree of happiness at work of Filipino seafarers in a maritime company. We used the model of Fisher (2010) as the basis for the person-level dimensions, namely: (1) job satisfaction; (2) vigorous work engagement; (3) dispositional affect; and (4) flourishing at work. We investigated if job satisfaction would most significantly explain happiness in the workplace of the seafarers among all person-level dimensions. We also hypothesized that the bundle of person-level dimensions significantly influences happiness at work. We used descriptive and causal research designs and surveyed 229 randomly selected Filipino seafarers from one …

The Impact Of Adjustment, Agency, And Political Costs On Cost Stickiness Of Publicly-Listed Companies In The Philippines From 2009-2019, Angela Bianca N. Catalig, Charles Justin M. Decena, Maria Denise A. Franco, Ma. Colleen L. Ventura, Joy Lynn R. Legaspi

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Recent research shows that studying the traditional cost behavior within a firm may not be sufficient to fully understand the elements that influence management behavior. Studies have pinpointed a cost-related issue called “cost asymmetry,” which has gained the widespread name of “cost stickiness.” Researchers have explored factors that cause cost stickiness through three theories: adjustment cost theory, agency theory, and political process theory. This study seeks to determine the sticky cost behavior of three costs, namely cost of goods sold, selling, general and administrative expenses, and total cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses. It also aims …

Monitoring Child Poverty And Exclusion Through The Community-Based Monitoring System (Cbms), Celia M. Reyes, Anne Bernadette E. Mandap

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper aims to apply the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) methodology for analyzing multidimensional poverty among children. The child multidimensional poverty measured using CBMS data examines the nature and extent of deprivations of children in terms of nine (9) dimensions covering non-income and income measures of poverty. Aside from generating a child MPI using CBMS indicators at the local level, geospatial data is generated to show how the CBMS-MPI methodology can facilitate analysis of situation of children across sub-locations and how it can be used for more informed planning of appropriate interventions, and better targeted program implementation. Using CBMS data …

Rational Choices And Welfare Changes In Philippine Family Energy Demand: Evidence From Family Income And Expenditure Surveys, Jesus C. Dumagan, Michael R. M. Abrigo

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study found Philippine family demands for (1) electricity, (2) gas and liquid fuels, (3) solid fuels, (4) food, and (5)

others—based on Family Income and Expenditure Surveys (FIES) in 2009, 2012, and 2015—are rational (i.e., expenditure- minimizing). Specifically, all own-price elasticities are negative (downward sloping demand curves). Cross-price elasticities

between (1), (2), and (3) are positive (substitutes) while cross-price elasticities of (1), (2), and (3) with (4) or (5) are mostly negative (generally complements). Income elasticities are positive (normal goods), except for (3), comprising “fuelwood, charcoal, and biomass residues” that are consumed less at higher incomes (inferior goods). These …

Investors’ Response To Political Connections: A Systematic Review, Arina Rus Zahira Rusli, Rohami Shafie, Mazrah Malek

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study aimed to deliver a concise overview of the market reaction towards a political connection (PCON) through the identification and analyses of the event announcements and outcomes of the events related to PCON firms and stock market reactions. The Scopus and Jstor databases via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which are used to analyse previous studies, were utilised. The initial systematic search resulted in 8,518 records, which was narrowed to 16 articles through a process of elimination. It was found that PCON firms reacted positively, negatively, or a combination of the two to the …

Eradicating Malaria: Innovation Diffusion In The Face Of Grand Challenges, Han Jiang, Hao Liang, Dongning Yang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

What is the role of organizational innovation—beyond technological innovation—in an era of grand challenges concerning health, poverty, and economic development around the world? How is organizational innovation developed and diffused to influence resource allocation in the field? We conduct a qualitative case study by analyzing a Chinese pharmaceutical firm’s efforts to combat malaria in Africa over 10 years. Through documentation and extensive interviews, we study the role of innovation diffusion and resource allocation to address grand challenges in emerging markets with significant institutional voids. Our conceptual model delineates the different stages of innovation diffusion to show how organizations can draw …

Countercyclical Marketing During Recessions, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Nirmalya Kumar argues that during recessions, firms should fight against their instinct to reduce marketing outlays. Instead, a large body of academic research demonstrates that firms investing in countercyclical marketing perform better both during, and immediately after, the economic downturn.

Oil Price Shocks And Stock Market Anomalies, Zhaobo Zhu, Licheng Sun, Jun Tu, Qiang Ji

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper provides a novel perspective to the nexus of oil prices and stock markets by examining the impact of oil price shocks on stock market anomalies. After decomposing oil price shocks into three types , we find that aggregate demand shocks have the strongest influence on stock market anomalies. In contrast, oil supply shocks and oil-specific demand shocks have little impact. Similar results are also found in the industry analysis. Interestingly, the link between aggregate demand shocks and anomalies is the strongest among firms with either small size or high idiosyncratic risks. The documented effects are robust after controlling …

Performance Of Smart Beta Etfs In The U.S. Market: 2009–2019, Chiyachantana N. Chiraphol, Chiraphol N. Chiyachantana, Kuan Yong David Ding, Tanakorn Likitapiwat

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Purpose: This paper empirically analyses the performance of smart beta exchange traded funds (ETFs) through the absolute return, relative return, and risk-adjusted return over the decade from 2009 to 2019.Methodology: Using a sample of smart beta ETFs in the U.S. stock market, we examine the components of the risk factors in a smart beta strategy. Results: Our results show that a smart beta strategy is not able to maintain a persistent performance over the period examined. Moreover, there is not a single year that smart beta ETFs could generate an abnormal return that is statistically significant. The evidence illustrates that …

Why Do U.S. Firms Invest Less Over Time?, Fangjian Fu, Sheng Huang, Rong Wang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Capital expenditures of U.S. public firms, relative to total assets, decrease by more than half from 1980 to 2020. The decline is pervasive across industries and firms of different characteristics and cannot be explained by the usual determinants of investment and many other seemingly plausible reasons. The decline is consistent with the transformation in production technology — firms rely more on intangible capital and less on fixed assets in production. Industry-level analyses yield supporting evidence. We observe similar declining trend in capital expenditure in other developed countries but not in most emerging markets.

What, Why And How Financial Development Matters: Evidence Of Asean-5, Asia-5 And Oecd-7 Economies, Swee Liang Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper analyzed the association between bank and capital markets financial development with income per capita in three regions; ASEAN-5 economies (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia), Asia-5 (Japan, China, Hong Kong SAR, South Korea, and India), and OECD-7 (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, UK, and US) from 2000 to 2017 using panel data regressions. A key lesson ASEAN-5 can learn from Asia-5 and OECD-7 experience is that bank size does matter despite digital disruptions to their banking system; yet large financial structure that favors banks is negatively associated with Asia-5, and importantly, efficient banking system (not bank size alone) is …

Do Philippine Stocks Catch Coronavirus? Some Econometric Check-Up On Pandemic Data, 2021-2022, Mark Reniel M. Amarila, Luisito C. Abueg

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

Using daily data from March 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022, the USD-PHP exchange rate and pandemic-related variables such as the number of cases, vaccinations, and stringency index in relation to the movements of Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) were investigated. The paper views vaccination as an instrument for reducing economic uncertainty, subsequently providing a positive sentiment for investors and stock market. Ordinary least squares, autoregressive distributed lags, and vector autoregression was used to show some dynamics based on time series data. Particularly, there are indications of reported cases being negatively correlated and statistically significant for PSEi. Further, impulse response …