Finance and Financial Management Commons^™

Comparing Market-Based And Financial Statement-Based Stock Valuation Models: Implications For Growth Expectations And Differences Across Time Periods, Jacqualyn Ann Fouse

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

The value of a share of common stock in a publicly-listed company should be equal to the present value of the future cash flows the company is forecast to produce, andultimately pay out to its stockholders. Expectations for these flows may incorporate information that goes beyond current earnings discounted into perpetuity as per the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). By comparing a market-based valuation model with a financial statement-based valuation model this paper seeks to find evidence of information embedded in market valuations that may not be captured in financial statement-based valuations. The analysis endeavors first to identify a component of …

Essays On Option Market Information Content, Market Segmentation And Fear, Mishuk Anwar Chowdhury

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay tests whether stock returns can be predicted using divergence from put-call parity. Using a robust methodology that controls for the early exercise premium of American put and call options, the study shows that stocks with upside divergence from put-call parity outperform stocks with downside divergence from put-call parity. Predictability is persistent over multiple holding periods and divergence is also predictive of tail events. The second essay examines segmentation of equity and option markets in the presence of information asymmetry. The study uses the slope of the implied volatility skew as a …

Threshold Effects In Volatility Spillovers: The Case Of Equity, Bond And Foreign Exchange Markets, Arun Prasath Narayanasamy

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

Most research on volatility spillovers across countries and various asset class returns model volatility as conditional variance and assume a linear relationship in spillovers. The risk measured as conditional variance is modeled as a function of own past innovations and own past conditional variances and fails to include lagged conditional variances from other assets. In this dissertation, for a bivariate set up, I estimate the conditional variance of the second country either as a GARCH (1, 1) or DCC (1, 1) type process. Using the estimated conditional variances, the non-linear or threshold parameter is computed by maximizing the log likelihood …

Measurement Issues In The Capital Asset Pricing Model & Size Effect And Duration, Yongho Seo

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

It has been observed that the value of an asset's beta varies with the frequency of the data used to generate the value, a phenomenon hereafter referred to as "time scale", or simply "scale". If the scale effect is strong enough, then ignoring this phenomenon calls into question studies that rely on comparing beta values. The most notable of these studies is the classification of stocks as "aggressive" or "defensive". I show that such a categorization varies substantially when comparing betas estimated using monthly data versus annual data. Contrary to other studies, betas do not vary monotonically as data scale …

Penny Stocks, Market Microstructure, And Analyst Forecasts, Julio AndréS Rivas-Aguilar

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

The first essay of this dissertation deals with the relationship between previous earnings, earnings forecasts, and future returns. I found that stocks with the worst previous earnings and the worst earnings forecasts outperform the ones with more optimistic outlooks. Value stocks also tend to outperform glamour stocks. I also found that previous earnings are the dominating factor in determining subsequent returns. The second essay deals with the Bid-Ask Spread (BAS) behavior of penny stocks throughout trading sessions. I ran the analysis by using different days of the week, months of the year, and analyst coverage. Finally, I regressed the minute-to-minute …

Hedging Effectiveness Under Conditions Of Asymmetry, Jim Hanly, John Cotter

Articles

We examine whether hedging effectiveness is affected by asymmetry in the return distribution by applying tail specific metrics, for example, Value at Risk, to compare the hedging effectiveness of short and long hedgers. Comparisons are applied to a number of hedging strategies including OLS, and both symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models. We apply our analysis to a dataset consisting of S&P500 index cash and futures containing symmetric and asymmetric return distributions chosen ex-post. Our findings show that asymmetry reduces out-of-sample hedging performance and that significant differences occur in hedging performance between short and long hedgers.

Financial Literacy And Numerical Ability: Keys To Better Mortgage Outcomes, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

The US mortgage crisis and its dire after effects have highlighted the criticality of financial literacy. And while most people would have picked up fundamental mathematical principles in schools, not everyone appreciates how arithmetic translates within the complex world of finance. Yet, given what has transpired with the subprime crisis, is it important for borrowers to appreciate complicated financial concepts before taking up a loan? A study of the US mortgage market, presented at a SMU School of Economics Seminar Series, provides some clues as it uncovers links between basic numerical skills and financial fate.

Causality And Volatility Spillover Effects On Sub-Sector Energy Portfolios, N. Alper Gormus

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

During a time of extensive crises related to energy sources, in particular fossil fuels, IPOs for alternative energy-related companies are a common occurrence. As new industries are created or old ones are revised, investors, who constantly are trying to update their portfolios for hedging their risk, face new challenges. The purpose of this study is to aid investors in market anticipation, forecasting, and portfolio diversification through shedding some light on the inner dynamics of the select asset markets versus sector-specific energy companies. Although energy companies related to fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are previously studied, alternative …

The Impact Of Institutional Arrangements On Educational Efficiency, Trevor Collier

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

Per-pupil expenditures on education in the United States have grown immensely in recent decades, yet student achievement has been stagnant. An abundance of research has sought to solve this enigma, much of it centered on the incentive structure facing administrators. Some recent papers use TIMSS data to analyze the relationship between institutional arrangements—that typically do not vary within a single country—and student achievement. Similarly, we utilize TIMSS 1999 to determine if there is an indirect relationship between institutional arrangements and student achievement, via a relationship with school efficiency. Our results show that the specified link between institutional arrangements and student …

Effects Of Early Round Venture Capital Syndication On Ipo Exits In Europe And The United States, Rosabella M. Magat

CMC Senior Theses

While the importance of venture capital (VC) can be highlighted by policy goals outlined in the 'Lisbon agenda', the European VC industry remains nascent in comparison to the more sophisticated VC market in the US. Researchers have identified key determinants that foster VC success on a broad level, and have often identified syndication as an important factor of success. This paper seeks to understand the role of syndication on the VC-backed company's success. I take a novel departure from past research in this area in three ways 1) I measure performance from the perspective of the portfolio company, rather than …

How Did Listed Islamic And Traditional Banks Performed: Pre And Post The 2008 Financial Crisis?, Mohamed Rashwan

Business Administration

This study tests the efficiency and profitability of banks that belongs to two different sectors: a) Islamic Banks (IBs) and b) Traditional Banks (TBs). The study concentrates on the pre and post 2008 financial crisis with an aim to test if there are any significant differences in performance between the two sectors. The study applies the MANOVA techniques to analyze the financial secondary data for only publicly traded banks in the same region. The findings of the study show that there is a significant difference between the two sectors in 2007 and 2009 and there are no significant differences in …

The Potential Application Of Weather Derivatives To Hedge Harvest Value Risk In The Champagne Region Of France, Andrew W. Yandell

CMC Senior Theses

In Champagne, France grape growers and and winemakers work together to make the world's most iconic sparkling wine. Part of what makes Champagne so celebrated is its reputation for constant quality: only the best grapes are used to make wine. In poor vintage years, grape growers sell less grapes to winemakers; poor vintages are the result of bad weather. This presents the opportunity for grape growers to hedge the risk of poor weather and resulting lower harvest values with weather derivatives. This study explores the potential for grape growers to trade them to effectively hedge against low harvest values by …

Credit Gap In Small Businesses: Some New Evidence, Atreya Chakraborty

Accounting and Finance Faculty Publication Series

What is the magnitude of credit constraint affecting small businesses? This paper provides estimate of the credit gap – defined as the difference between the desired and actual levels of debt for credit constrained small businesses. The estimated credit gap is approximately 20 percent, i.e., credit constrained small business on the average would desire 20 percent more debt. This credit gap varies considerably across industries, with manufacturing firms facing a significantly larger gap than firms in the wholesale or service industries.

Extending The Arnold-Eisemann Algorithm For Pro Forma Circularity With A Specific Mix Of New Debt And New Equity, Tom Arnold

Finance Faculty Publications

Arnold and Eisemann (2008) developed an algorithm that calculates the value of long-term debt when long-term debt is considered the "plug" or "slack" term within a pro forma analysis. In this paper, the algorithm is presented in a slightly different form and adjusted for the use of a target mix of new debt and new stock.

Arma-Garch Model Applied To Exchange-Traded Funds, Rebecca Davis

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this paper, time-varying volatility of some of the leading exchange-traded funds are studied. The ARMA mean equation with GARCH errors is used to model the series correlations and the conditional heteroscadesticity in the asset

returns. The conditional distributions of the standardized residuals are assumed to be skew-generalized error distribution. The high kurtosis and fat tail of the returns, were captured in all the data by fitting an ARMA-GARCH model with the conditional distribution of, skew-generalized error distribution.

Furthermore, the sample cross-correlations of these significant exchange-traded funds and the corresponding financial indices they mimic were computed. The empirical conclusion was …

Analysis Of Intermittence And Log-Periodicity Of Foreign Exchange Rates Near A Crash, Arturo Casillas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Many believe that financial indices near a crash exhibit a type of critical point characterized by log-periodic signatures. Models have been developed based on these ideas in an attempt to mathematically characterize financial data about to crash. Few of these models consider the property of intermittency. Intermittency is a concept borrowed from fluid dynamics that essentially implies that a system alternates between a stable, or predictable, state and unstable state. One model that attempts to characterize crashes incorporates intermittency in the form of log-stationary intervals. It models the asset price as a step function that follows an underlying power law. …

Medical Identity Theft, Whitney Walters, Axton Betz

Consumer Sciences Faculty Publications

The purpose of this position paper is to provide in formation on medical identity theft. Secondary purposes of this paper are to describe signs of victimization, consequences of victimization, and how to recover from medical identity theft. An additional secondary purpose is to describe how individuals can protect themselves from becoming victims of medical identity theft. More robust public policy need to be developed. And, more educators in the fields of consumer education, business and finance along with those from economics and family services need to develop detailed lessons and programs on medical identity theft and its effects on the …

Housing Issues And Solutions For The Residents On The Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, Dana Tell, Axton Betz

Consumer Sciences Faculty Publications

This position paper details the poor housing and living conditions of American Indians in Pine Ridge Reservation and proposes some solutions to the problems. These include training for home upkeep and repair and owner education classes.

Does The Reit Tale Wag The Dog? The Relationship Between Tenant Ownership And The Volatility Of Retail Reit Stock Returns, Dana G. Staley

CMC Senior Theses

This paper will assess the relationship between tenant characteristics and public REIT volatility. Specifically, we focus on the retail REIT subset of the industry. Given that retail REITs are one the most transparent asset classes, they provide an interesting landscape for evaluating the relationship between the firm and the customers, or in this case, the tenants. Specifically, we assess how major tenant ownership, public or private equity owned, impacts the volatility of the REIT’s stock price using 2010 data on 30 retail REITs. Controlling for tenant credit quality, leverage, ROE, book-to-market, size, age, region and property focus, we find that …

The Unjustified Subsidy: Sovereign Wealth Funds The Foreign Sovereign Tax Exemption, Jennifer Bird-Pollan

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

The taxation of Sovereign Wealth Funds in the United States is outmoded and due for reconsideration. Offering a tax exemption to the billion dollar investment funds owned by foreign governments is both unfair and ineffective. Founded in the principles of sovereign immunity, the foreign sovereign tax exemption, codified in I.R.C. § 892, fails to satisfy the Congressional goals that motivated its creation. This Article explains the current taxation of foreign sovereigns and, by extension, Sovereign Wealth Funds. It then illustrates that the current exemption is simultaneously too broad, providing a tax exemption for activities that are clearly nongovernmental activities, and …

The End Of The Internal Compliance World As We Know It, Or An Enhancement Of The Effectiveness Of Securities Law Enforcement? Bounty Hunting Under The Dodd-Frank Act's Whistleblower Provision, Justin Blount, Spencer Markel

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

In the wake of Bernard Madoff’s $65 billion Ponzi scheme and the recent economic crisis stemming largely from loosely regulated subprime lending and mortgage-backed securities, President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act on July 21, 2010, signaling loudly and clearly that change is coming to Wall Street. But Wall Street is not the only one receiving a message. Buried deep within the 2,319 pages of the Dodd-Frank Act, companies can find Section 922, the whistleblower provision, which provides a bounty for whistleblowers who report securities violations to the Securities and Exchange Commission.These bounty provisions and …

Application Of The Concept Of Project Finance In Iraq- A Comparative And Analytical Study, Faris K. Nesheiwat

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Many scholars and experts have addressed the issue of project finance, but one area that remains without detailed examination is its legal treatment under the legal systems of developing countries. The legal concepts applied under project finance are Western and are not necessarily identical to or compatible with legal concepts in Middle Eastern countries in general or Iraq in particular. In that sense, project finance is a transplanted legal concept when examined in the Middle Eastern legal framework. Although this Paper tackles the legal and strategic issues arising from the use of project finance in Iraq, its analysis and comparative …

Lessons From The Flash Crash For The Regulation Of High-Frequency Traders, Edgar Ortega Barrales

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Are equity markets vulnerable to a sudden collapse if the traders who account for about half of the volume have no regulatory obligations to stabilize prices? After the “Flash Crash” of May 6, 2010, policymakers have resoundingly answered this question in the affirmative. During the worst of the crash, some of the so-called high-frequency trading firms that dominate equity markets stopped trading and prices collapsed, momentarily wiping out almost $1 trillion in market value. In response, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is considering whether high-frequency trading firms should be required to act as the traders of last resort. This …

Burning Down The House Or Simply Rolling The Dice: A Comment On Section 621 Of The Dodd-Frank Act And Recommendation For Its Implementation, Joshua R. Rosenthal

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Section 621 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act modifies the Securities Act of 1933 to prohibit the underwriter, placement agent, initial purchaser, or sponsor, or any affiliate or subsidiary of any such entity of an asset-backed financial product from betting against that very product for one year after the product’s initial sale. The rule prohibits anyone who structures or sells an asset-backed security or a product composed of asset-backed securities from going short, in the specified timeframe, on what they have sold, and labels such transactions as presenting material conflicts of interest. This Comment discusses traces …

Private Equity Investment In The Brics, Andreas Woeller

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

This Article investigates the legal and economic environment for private equity investments in Brazil, Russia, India and China (“BRIC”). In contrast with disappointing returns in the 1990s, private equity investment has soared in developing countries over the past decade. To explain what has led to the recent success of private equity in the BRICs, this Article will first give an overview of the challenges faced generally when investing in portfolio companies in developing markets and then analyze the legal and economic framework for each of the four BRICs. This Article finds that Brazil and China offer the best opportunities for …

Three Essays On Market Anomalies And Efficient Market Hypothesis, Ehab Yamani

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation consists of three distinct essays. The first essay investigates the risk interpretation of the investment premium by empirically examining the fundamental view versus the sentimental view. I use VAR to break the investment beta into fundamental beta reflecting news about the future marginal productivity of investment, and financial beta reflecting news about discount rates. Overall, the results show that financial factors are the dominant driver of investment returns and they control the negative relation between investment and stock return. In the second essay, I examine the impact of financial contagion resulting from four global financial crises based on …

Essays On International Corporate Dividend Policy, Bobby Alexander

Finance and Real Estate Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation is comprised of two essays on dividend policy. In the first part of the first essay, I ascertain whether the outcome, the substitution, or the predation model explains the relationship between dividend payouts and product market competition in each of the Group of Seven (G7) countries for the period from 1995 through 2010. I find that the substitution model explains dividend policy in Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and the outcome model describes it in Japan, while in Italy, the results are inconclusive. In the second part of the same essay, I pool …

Nonstatistical Factors Influencing Predictions Of Financial Distress And Managerial Implications In The All-Cargo Airline Industry, Robert O. Walton

Publications

All-cargo airlines carry over 50% of global airfreight, yet they are prone to bankruptcy. Many financial models are designed to predict a firms' financial health, but they do not assess many nonstatistical factors that influence the prediction capability of these models. In this study, qualitative grounded theory design was used to identify nonstatistical factors and explore how they influence bankruptcy prediction models in the all-cargo airline industry. In the first phase of the study, financial data from 2005 to 2009 for 17 all-cargo U.S. airlines were used to determine the bankruptcy prediction ability of the Kroeze financial bankruptcy model. A …

Aggregate Analyst Forecast Errors, Price Delay, And Business Cycle, Ping-Wen Sun

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay, “Stock market liquidity, aggregate analyst forecast errors, and the economy,” is motivated by Næs, Skjeltorp, and Ødegaard (2011), who suggest that stock market liquidity is a good leading indicator of the economy. To further understand the mechanism in the economic forecastability of stock market liquidity, we hypothesize that analyst earnings forecast errors have a systematic component, which is predictable and related to changes in the economy, and that smart investors exploit analyst forecast errors, which leads to the economic forecastability of stock market liquidity. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that …

Finding Profitability Of Technical Trading Rules In Emerging Market Exchange Traded Funds, Austin P. Hallett

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis further investigates the effectiveness of 15 variable moving average strategies that mimic the trading rules used in the study by Brock, Lakonishok, and LeBaron (1992). Instead of applying these strategies to developed markets, unique characteristics of emerging markets offer opportunity to investors that warrant further research. Before transaction costs, all 15 variable moving average strategies outperform the naïve benchmark strategy of buying and holding different emerging market ETF's over the volatile period of 858 trading days. However, the variable moving averages perform poorly in the "bubble" market cycle. In fact, sell signals become more unprofitable than buy signals …