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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in E-Commerce
The Joint Statement On E-Commerce: Is This Glass Half Empty Or Half Full?, Henry S. Gao
The Joint Statement On E-Commerce: Is This Glass Half Empty Or Half Full?, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
On July 26, 2024, participants in the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on E-commerce released the “stabilised text” of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce (“the agreement”) after a marathon negotiation spanning more than five years. The process leading up to what is the first global agreement on e-commerce has been rife with surprises from beginning to end. The biggest initial surprise was China’s last-minute decision to join when the negotiation was launched in January 2019: China wanted to shape the rules from the inside and avoid the cold shoulder it faced when trying to join the Trade in Services Agreement negotiations …
The Coming Central Bank Digital Currency Revolution And The E-Cny, Heng Wang, Ross Buckley
The Coming Central Bank Digital Currency Revolution And The E-Cny, Heng Wang, Ross Buckley
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The only central bank money individuals and businesses have today is cash. Everything else they use as money is commercial bank promises. Central bank digital currencies (“CBDC”) will likely change all this by putting central bank money into everyone’s hands. China is a front runner in this revolution, and its CBDC, the e-CNY, may well in time profoundly affect the international economic order. This article analyses the major considerations around the e-CNY, its ramifications, in particular for trade, and its possible challenges.
E-Commerce Governance: Back To Geneva?, Henry S. Gao
E-Commerce Governance: Back To Geneva?, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is no stranger to e-commerce governance. It launched its first initiative to regulate e-commerce1 at its second Ministerial Conference in May 1998, a few months before Google was founded. At the Ministerial Conference, WTO members adopted the Declaration on Global Electronic Commerce, 2 which recognized the “new opportunities for trade,” and directed the General Council to “establish a comprehensive work programme to examine all trade-related issues relating to global electronic commerce, including those issues identified by Members.”
China And E-Commerce: The Long And Winding Road, Henry S. Gao
China And E-Commerce: The Long And Winding Road, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Although it joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China has largely kept silent on the e-commerce discussion and only made its first submission in this regard in 2016.
China Meets Digital Currency: E-Cny And Its Implications For Businesses, Heng Wang
China Meets Digital Currency: E-Cny And Its Implications For Businesses, Heng Wang
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
China is likely to be the first major economy to issue central bank digital currency (CBDC). China’s CBDC, e-CNY, may lead to a new ecosystem that would profoundly affect business, product offerings and business practice. E-CNY is likely to affect both local and international businesses, particularly those with a presence in China or those who commonly transact with Chinese actors. There is also the possibility of e-CNY use outside of China. If China’s CBDC practice and standards affect international practice (such as through standard making), e-CNY has the potential to affect the broader businesses community. This article discusses the following …
Smart Contracts: Terminology, Technical Limitations And Real World Complexity, Eliza Mik
Smart Contracts: Terminology, Technical Limitations And Real World Complexity, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
If one is to believe the popular press and many “technical writings,” blockchains create not only a perfect transactional environment but also obviate the need for banks, lawyers and courts. The latter will soon be replaced by smart contracts: unbiased and infallible computer programs that form, perform and enforce agreements. Predictions of future revolutions must, however, be distinguished from the harsh reality of the commercial marketplace and the technical limitations of blockchains. The fact that a technological solution is innovative and elegant need not imply that it is commercially useful or legally viable. Apart from attempting a terminological “clean-up” surrounding …
Private Lawmaking In Commercial Cyberspace, Eliza Mik
Private Lawmaking In Commercial Cyberspace, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
No discussion of “Law and Technology” would be complete without at least one essay centred on the Internet. While the Internet no longer captures our imagination with the same force as it did 20 years ago, we cannot assume that it no longer creates (or perpetuates?) multiple legal problems. When we talk about the Internet we must, however, refrain from the popular “Internet metanarrative” that often leads to superficial arguments and unhelpful generalisations.1 We must always remain aware of the multiplicity of the Internet’s technical applications and the wide range of legal contexts in which the term gains significance. Discussing …
The Erosion Of Autonomy In Online Consumer Transactions, Eliza Mik
The Erosion Of Autonomy In Online Consumer Transactions, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Online businesses influence consumer behaviour by means of a wide range of technologies that determine what information is displayed as well as how and when it is displayed. This creates an unprecedented power imbalance between the transacting parties, raising questions not only about the permissible levels of procedural exploitation in contract law, together with the adequacy of existing consumer protections but also about the impact of technology on consumer autonomy. There is, however, no single technology that threatens the latter. It is the combined, mutually-enforcing effect of multiple technologies that influence consumer choices at different stages in the transacting process, …
Evaluating The Impact Of The Un Convention On The Use Of Electronic Communications In International Contracts On Domestic Contract Law: The Singapore Example, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (CUECIC or Convention) was adopted on 23 November 2005. Its essential objective is to establish uniform rules intended to “remove obstacles to the use of electronic communications in international contracts, including obstacles that might result from the operation of existing international trade law instruments, with a view to enhancing legal certainty and commercial predictability.” The Convention relies on the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (MLEC), which constitutes an e-commerce flagship project dating back to 1995. It also resembles UNCITRAL’s Convention …